Who is Known as the Father of Indian Chemistry? Know the Name

Chemistry has played an important role in the development of science in India. Many great scientists have contributed to this field, making important discoveries in chemical reactions, elements and compounds. One scientist, in particular, is known as the pioneer of chemistry in India due to his groundbreaking research and contributions. His work laid the foundation for modern chemistry in the country and inspired future generations of scientists.

Father of Indian Chemistry

Prafulla Chandra Ray, known as the Father of Indian Chemistry, was a great scientist, teacher, and industrialist. Born on 2nd August 1861 in Bengal, he made remarkable discoveries in chemistry and promoted Swadeshi industries during India’s freedom movement. He also founded Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd, the first Indian company to produce medicines.

Early Life and Education of Prafulla Chandra Ray

Prafulla Chandra Ray was born into a Brahmin family. His parents were Harish Chandra Ray and Bhubanmohini Debi. He studied in a village school at first and later joined Hare School. He passed his entrance exam with high marks and went to Presidency College, Kolkata.

In 1882, he got a scholarship to study at the University of Edinburg in Scotland. There, he completed his Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) and later received his Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) degree in 1887. His research focused on inorganic chemistry, especially mineral salts like nitrates and sulfates.

Contributions to Chemistry

Instead of studying organic chemistry, which was popular at that time, Ray focused on inorganic chemistry. He was the first to synthesize (create) mercurous nitrite, a new chemical compound. He also studied mercury compounds and their use in medicine. His research on fermentation showed that alcohol could be made from pyruvic acid using yeast.

Apart from chemistry, he also wrote books to make science easy for common people.

Role in the Swadeshi Movement

Prafulla Chandra Ray was not only a scientist but also a patriot. He strongly supported the Swadeshi Movement, which encouraged Indians to use Indian-made goods instead of British products.

In 1901, he founded Bengal Chemical & Pharmaceutical Works (BCPL) with just Rs.700. It became India’s first pharmaceutical company. It manufactured medicines, chemicals, fire extinguishers, soaps and hospital instruments. His company played a big role in reducing India’s dependence on British products.

He also started other companies like:

• National Tannery Works
• Bengal Enamel Works
• Calcutta Pottery Works

He also promoted khadi (handwoven cloth) and fought against the caste system.

Challenges and Later Life of Father of Indian Chemistry

Despite his achievements, Ray faced discrimination because he was Indian. The British government did not allow him to work in imperial services, which was unfair. However, he continued to teach and inspire students.

In 1888, he returned to India and started teaching at Presidency College, Kolkata. He remained a strong supporter of Bengali nationalism and social reform.