Which was the First Newspaper in India?

The first newspaper in India, Hicky’s Bengal Gazette, was founded by James Augustus Hicky in 1780. Published in Calcutta (now Kolkata), this weekly newspaper marked the beginning of journalism in India. It was also known as the “Calcutta General Advertiser” and played a significant role in shaping early media in colonial India.

First Newspaper in India

Hicky’s Bengal Gazette, also known as the Original Calcutta General Advertiser, was the first newspaper printed in India and all of Asia. Founded by James Augustus Hicky, an eccentric Irishman, the newspaper played a crucial role in establishing free expression in British India. Published between 1780 and 1782, this weekly newspaper became famous for its bold criticism of the British administration, especially Governor General Warren Hastings.

Founding of Hicky’s Bengal Gazette

James Augustus Hicky began publication of Hicky’s Bengal Gazette on 29 January 1780 in Calcutta, then the capital of British India. Hicky, previously imprisoned for debt, became inspired to print the newspaper after learning about printing methods. His newspaper was sold for Rs 1 per issue, and despite its limited circulation of about 400 copies per week, it gained attention due to its provocative content.

Editorial Policy and Controversy

Initially, Hicky avoided political discussions, but as his newspaper gained popularity, he shifted to a more independent stance. His slogan became “Open to all Parties, but influenced by None.” As a response to the launch of a rival newspaper, The India Gazette, which had ties to the East India Company, Hicky adopted an anti-Company editorial policy. He accused officials of corruption and took bold stands against figures such as Simeon Droz and Warren Hastings.

Struggle for Free Expression

Hicky’s battles with the East India Company intensified when Hastings’ administration restricted his ability to mail the newspaper. Hicky fought back, claiming that this act violated his right to free speech. He continued to criticize Hastings and other prominent British leaders, accusing them of corruption. His bold accusations even extended to private matters, making his editorial style both scandalous and influential.

Impact and Legacy of Hicky’s Bengal Gazette, India’s First Newspaper

Hicky’s Bengal Gazette was not only the first newspaper in India but also a pioneering voice in advocating for press freedom and journalistic independence. The newspaper inspired future Indian journalists and publications to challenge colonial authority. Although it was short-lived, Hicky’s legacy as a champion of free speech remains significant in the history of Indian journalism.

Surviving Collections of Hicky’s Bengal Gazette

Although Hicky’s Bengal Gazette was published more than two centuries ago, several archives around the world hold incomplete collections of the newspaper. These include the University of Melbourne, the National Library of India, the British Library, and the University of California, Berkeley, among others.