India Achieves 78% Decline in Under-Five Mortality Rate, Surpassing Global Average

India has made a significant public health achievement by recording a 78% decline in the under-five mortality rate, far exceeding the global reduction of 61%, according to the 2024 UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) Report. The country has also registered a 70% reduction in neonatal mortality, highlighting the effectiveness of targeted health interventions like the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). This milestone reflects India’s sustained commitment to child survival, maternal health, and universal vaccination access, particularly in reaching underserved populations.

Why in News?

The UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation’s 2024 report has lauded India’s achievements in reducing under-five and neonatal mortality rates. The data comes at a time when global health experts are assessing post-pandemic recovery efforts and the impact of public health programs. India’s performance stands out not only in terms of statistical achievement but also as a model for equity-driven, large-scale immunization efforts.

Key Achievements

• 78% decline in under-five mortality rate, exceeding the global reduction of 61%.
• Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) declined by 70%, compared to 54% globally.
• Zero-dose children (children who received no vaccines) dropped from 0.11% in 2023 to 0.06% in 2024.

Contributing Factors

Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)

Provides free vaccinations to,

• 2.9 crore pregnant women
• 2.6 crore infants annually
• Covers vaccines for 12 vaccine-preventable diseases including Polio, Measles, Hepatitis B, and more.

Improved vaccine coverage

• Special focus on remote and underserved populations.
• Use of Mission Indradhanush and Intensified Mission Indradhanush to ensure last-mile reach.

Objectives Behind Immunization Drives

• Reduce child and maternal mortality
• Achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) goals
• Strengthen public trust in vaccines through community-based awareness
• Ensure health equity for vulnerable groups

Background & Static Facts

• India launched its Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985.
• The UN IGME is a collaboration of UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, and UN-DESA.
• Neonatal mortality refers to deaths within the first 28 days of life; under-five mortality includes all deaths under age five.

Significance

• India’s achievement showcases how large-scale public health initiatives can yield global-leading results.
• Sets an example for other low- and middle-income countries aiming to reduce child mortality.
• Enhances India’s credibility as a public health leader in the Global South.
• Contributes to achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG-3): “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”.