Rare Dragonfly Reconfirmed in Western Ghats Highlands

In a recent breakthrough for Indian biodiversity studies, odonatologists have reconfirmed the presence of Crocothemis erythraea, a rare dragonfly species, in the southern Western Ghats. Previously misidentified due to its resemblance to more common species, this rediscovery highlights the ecological uniqueness of high-altitude habitats and underscores the impact of ancient climate events on current biodiversity.

Crocothemis erythraea: A Rare Visitor from the Past

Species Overview

Crocothemis erythraea is typically found in regions such as Europe, Central Asia, and the Himalayas. Its recent reconfirmation in Kerala and Tamil Nadu’s high ranges, above 550 metres altitude, confirms its continued survival in South India’s montane ecosystems, particularly in Sholas and grasslands.

This species closely resembles the common lowland dragonfly Crocothemis servilia, which has led to previous misidentifications. The current reconfirmation was based on detailed fieldwork and careful taxonomic study by experts.

Historical Origins

Experts believe Crocothemis erythraea may have migrated to South India during the Ice Age, when cooler global temperatures allowed temperate species to travel further south. As temperatures rose, it likely found refuge in the high-altitude Shola forests and montane grasslands, allowing it to survive through millennia of climatic change.

Biodiversity and Conservation Significance

Insight into Biodiversity Patterns

This rediscovery offers a rare glimpse into how ancient climatic shifts shaped today’s biodiversity. The survival of Crocothemis erythraea in isolated highland patches suggests that current ecosystems may harbor more such relic species, many of which remain undocumented.

Importance of the Western Ghats

The Western Ghats, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are one of the world’s eight “hottest hotspots” of biodiversity. Findings like this reinforce the region’s global ecological significance and the need for focused conservation.

Conservation Implications

This rediscovery calls attention to the vulnerability of montane ecosystems, especially Shola forests and grasslands, which are often under pressure from tourism, plantation expansion, and climate change. Protecting these habitats is key not just for dragonflies but for numerous endemic and rare species.