Which River is known as the Emerald River of India? Know About It

India has many rivers that are famous not only for their length or size but also for their natural beauty. Some rivers attract attention because of their clear water, peaceful flow, and green surroundings. One such river looks shining and green, just like a precious gemstone. Flowing through hills and valleys, it adds charm to the landscape and supports life, farming, and tourism in the regions it passes through.

Emerald River of India

The Umngot River, also known as the Dawki River, is called the Emerald River of India. It flows in the beautiful state of Meghalaya, near the village of Dawki, close to the India–Bangladesh border. The river is famous across the world for its glass-like water, where boats appear to float in the air.

Location of the Umngot River

The Umngot River is located in East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. It flows near Dawki town and later enters Bangladesh, where it becomes part of the Surma–Meghna river system. The river also acts as a natural boundary between India and Bangladesh at certain points.

Origin and Flow of the Umngot River

The Umngot River begins its journey from the Eastern Shillong Plateau, at a height of about 1,800 metres above sea level.

From the hills, it flows downward through:

• Dense green forests
• Deep rocky gorges
• The Khasi and Jaintia Hills

After passing Dawki, the river crosses the international border and continues into Bangladesh.

Why is the Umngo River So Clear?

The Umngot River is considered one of the cleanest rivers in India, and its clarity is not accidental. Nature and people both play an important role.

Rocky Riverbed

Unlike most rivers that flow over mud or sand, the Umngot flows over large rocks and pebbles.

• Very little mud or silt enters the water
• Rocks act as a natural filter
• Water does not turn cloudy while flowing

Low Soil Erosion

The surrounding hills are rocky, so there is minimal soil erosion, which helps maintain water transparency.

Role of Local People in Keeping the River Clean

The local Khasi tribal communities strongly protect the Umngot River.

• Strict rules against throwing waste into the river
• Regular community cleaning activities
• Plastic use near the river is highly discouraged

This strong sense of responsibility helps keep the river pure and pollution-free.

Why does the Umngot River Look Emerald Green?

The emerald colour of the river is a result of natural science, not artificial factors.

Reasons Behind the Emerald Colour

• Green algae and moss grow on underwater rocks
• Sunlight reflection in deep, clear water
• Blue and green light waves scatter and reflect back

Together, these elements give the river its stunning green jewel-like appearance.

Best Time to See the Emerald Beauty

The look of the Umngot River changes with seasons.

Winter Season (November to February)

• Water is calm and clear
• No rain runoff
• Best time to see emerald colour
• Ideal for boating and photography

Monsoon Season

• Heavy rainfall increases water flow
• Forest debris enters the river
• Clarity reduces temporarily

Lesser Known Facts About the Umngot River

• Boats appear to float because the water is extremely transparent
• The river supports healthy native fish species
• Fast-flowing water adds oxygen, helping aquatic life
• It is a major tourist attraction in Meghalaya
• Shnongpdeng village nearby is famous for adventure sports