Which River is known as the River of Thousand Temples?

Rivers have always been an important part of human life, providing water, food, and transportation. In many places, they are also considered sacred and hold great cultural and religious value. Some rivers are famous for the traditions, festivals, and historic structures found along their banks. People visit these rivers not just for water, but to experience spirituality, history, and the beauty of the surroundings.

Which River is known as the River of a Thousand Temples?

The river known as the River of a Thousand Temples is the Kbal Spean River in Cambodia. It is famous for thousands of ancient carvings, mostly Shiva lingas, etched into its sandstone riverbed. These sacred symbols were believed to bless and purify the water. Hidden in the dense jungles near Angkor Wat, the river flows from the Kulên Mountains to the Siem Reap River, making it a unique blend of history, religion, and natural beauty.

Location of Kbal Spean River

The Kbal Spean River is hidden in the dense forests of Cambodia, near the famous Angkor Wat temple. It flows entirely within Siem Reap Province. The river starts in the Kulên Mountains and joins the Siem Reap River before eventually flowing into Tonlé Sap Lake. Its remote location kept it hidden from the world for centuries.

Why it is called the River of a Thousand Temples?

Kbal Spean is famous for its thousands of carvings on the riverbed. Most of these carvings are lingas, which are symbols representing the Hindu god Shiva. These sacred symbols are believed to bless the water as it flows downstream. Other carvings show Hindu gods, cows, frogs, and animals, turning the river into a “living temple.”

Historical Background

The carvings on Kbal Spean were created during the 11th century. Work began under King Suryavarman I and was completed under King Udayadityavarman II. After centuries of being hidden by the jungle, Western researchers rediscovered the site in 1969. Today, it is a protected archaeological site within Phnom Kulen National Park.

Unique Features of the River

Unlike other temples, the carvings at Kbal Spean are underwater. Visitors must hike nearly 2 kilometers uphill through lush forests to reach the river. The river also features a beautiful waterfall where the water flows over the sacred carvings, creating a serene and spiritual atmosphere.

Scientific Research Behind Its Preservation

• Soft Sandstone for Carving: The riverbed is made of sandstone, which is soft and easy to carve when freshly exposed. Over time, the rock becomes strong, helping the carvings survive for centuries.
• Natural Water Purification: The carved lingas and designs increase water aeration as it flows downstream. This not only was seen as spiritual purification by ancient Khmer people but also scientifically improved water quality for irrigation systems.
• Resistance to Erosion: The sandstone contains high silica and iron oxides, making it resistant to chemical weathering. Even though the river flows continuously, the carvings remain visible and well-preserved.
• Seasonal Flow Protection: The river was chosen carefully to ensure that during the monsoon, the water covers the carvings, protecting them from sun damage. During the dry season, pilgrims can observe and study the carvings up close.

Importance of the Ancient Khmer Civilization

The Kbal Spean River was not only a sacred site but also a primary water source for Angkor, one of the largest ancient cities in the world. The carvings were believed to bless the water, ensuring prosperity and life for the people who depended on it.