COP30 (2025 UN Climate Change Conference) – Date, Theme & Countries List

What is COP30?

COP30 stands for the 30th meeting of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) — a global platform where nearly 200 countries discuss and negotiate international efforts to combat climate change.

This edition is particularly significant because it shifts focus from pledges to implementation, ensuring that commitments under the Paris Agreement are turned into real-world actions to limit global warming and protect vulnerable communities.

Host Country and Venue

• Host Country: Brazil
• Host City: Belém, in the state of Pará, situated in the heart of the Amazon rainforest
• Dates: 10 to 21 November 2025
• Heads of State Summit: 6–7 November 2025
• Venue: Hangar Convention and Fair Centre of the Amazon, Belém

The choice of the Amazon as the location underscores the vital role forests play in global climate stability.

Theme and Key Focus Areas

The broad theme of COP30 is centred around implementation, inclusion, and innovation. It highlights the urgency of delivering climate actions, protecting ecosystems, and empowering vulnerable communities.

Key thematic priorities include:

• Adaptation: Strengthening communities and ecosystems against climate impacts like floods, droughts, and rising sea levels.
• Nature-based Solutions: Using forests, mangroves, and wetlands as natural carbon sinks.
• Climate Finance: Mobilising both public and private funds to support developing nations.
• Technology and Innovation: Encouraging clean-energy systems and sustainable industrial practices.
• Just Transition: Ensuring a fair and inclusive shift towards low-carbon economies.

The Six Pillars of COP30 (Action Agenda)

The Action Agenda of COP30 rests on six foundational pillars that define its direction:

1. Mitigation: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions to slow global warming.
   Example: Transitioning from coal-based to renewable power sources.
2. Adaptation: Enhancing resilience of communities, nature, and infrastructure.
   Example: Constructing flood defences and early-warning systems in coastal regions.
3. Finance: Mobilising funds to support global climate initiatives.
   Example: A proposed $1.3 trillion climate finance roadmap from “Baku to Belém.”
4. Technology: Promoting innovation and sharing clean technologies worldwide.
   Example: Supporting electric vehicle development and renewable energy systems.
5. Capacity-Building: Strengthening local governance, institutions, and expertise.
   Example: Training local bodies to design and execute climate-resilient policies.
6. Means of Implementation: Integrating the above elements into policies and frameworks that turn commitments into concrete action.

Agenda and Objectives of COP30

The COP30 agenda focuses on accelerating global climate progress through collective efforts:

• Reviewing the first Global Stocktake to measure progress toward Paris Agreement goals.
• Encouraging nations to submit updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
• Boosting climate finance and technology transfer for developing countries.
• Promoting adaptation and resilience measures, especially for vulnerable communities.
• Strengthening multilevel cooperation between governments, private sectors, and civil society.

List of Participating Countries

Nearly 198 Parties (countries) under the UNFCCC are expected to take part in COP30. These include almost all the world’s nations. While some major emitters’ leaders might not attend the summit, most countries will send delegations comprising policymakers, scientists, and civil society representatives.

S.No.	Country / Party Name	S.No.	Country / Party Name
1	Afghanistan	101	Monaco
2	Albania	102	Mongolia
3	Algeria	103	Montenegro
4	Andorra	104	Morocco
5	Angola	105	Mozambique
6	Antigua and Barbuda	106	Myanmar
7	Argentina	107	Namibia
8	Armenia	108	Nauru
9	Australia	109	Nepal
10	Austria	110	Netherlands
11	Azerbaijan	111	New Zealand
12	Bahamas	112	Nicaragua
13	Bahrain	113	Niger
14	Bangladesh	114	Nigeria
15	Barbados	115	Niue
16	Belarus	116	North Macedonia
17	Belgium	117	Norway
18	Belize	118	Oman
19	Benin	119	Pakistan
20	Bhutan	120	Palau
21	Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	121	Panama
22	Bosnia and Herzegovina	122	Papua New Guinea
23	Botswana	123	Paraguay
24	Brazil (Host)	124	Peru
25	Brunei Darussalam	125	Philippines
26	Bulgaria	126	Poland
27	Burkina Faso	127	Portugal
28	Burundi	128	Qatar
29	Cabo Verde	129	Republic of Korea (South Korea)
30	Cambodia	130	Republic of Moldova
31	Cameroon	131	Romania
32	Canada	132	Russian Federation
33	Central African Republic	133	Rwanda
34	Chad	134	Saint Kitts and Nevis
35	Chile	135	Saint Lucia
36	China	136	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
37	Colombia	137	Samoa
38	Comoros	138	San Marino
39	Congo	139	Sao Tome and Principe
40	Cook Islands	140	Saudi Arabia
41	Costa Rica	141	Senegal
42	Côte d’Ivoire	142	Serbia
43	Croatia	143	Seychelles
44	Cuba	144	Sierra Leone
45	Cyprus	145	Singapore
46	Czech Republic	146	Slovakia
47	Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)	147	Slovenia
48	Democratic Republic of the Congo	148	Solomon Islands
49	Denmark	149	Somalia
50	Djibouti	150	South Africa
51	Dominica	151	South Sudan
52	Dominican Republic	152	Spain
53	Ecuador	153	Sri Lanka
54	Egypt	154	State of Palestine
55	El Salvador	155	Sudan
56	Equatorial Guinea	156	Suriname
57	Eritrea	157	Sweden
58	Estonia	158	Switzerland
59	Eswatini (Swaziland)	159	Syrian Arab Republic
60	Ethiopia	160	Tajikistan
61	European Union (Regional Economic Integration Organization)	161	Thailand
62	Fiji	162	Timor-Leste
63	Finland	163	Togo
64	France	164	Tonga
65	Gabon	165	Trinidad and Tobago
66	Gambia	166	Tunisia
67	Georgia	167	Türkiye (Turkey)
68	Germany	168	Turkmenistan
69	Ghana	169	Tuvalu
70	Greece	170	Uganda
71	Grenada	171	Ukraine
72	Guatemala	172	United Arab Emirates
73	Guinea	173	United Kingdom
74	Guinea-Bissau	174	United Republic of Tanzania
75	Guyana	175	United States of America
76	Haiti	176	Uruguay
77	Honduras	177	Uzbekistan
78	Hungary	178	Vanuatu
79	Iceland	179	Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
80	India	180	Viet Nam
81	Indonesia	181	Yemen
82	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	182	Zambia
83	Iraq	183	Zimbabwe
84	Ireland	184	Andorra
85	Israel	185	Armenia
86	Italy	186	Kazakhstan
87	Jamaica	187	Kyrgyzstan
88	Japan	188	Lao People’s Democratic Republic
89	Jordan	189	Lebanon
90	Kenya	190	Lesotho
91	Kiribati	191	Liberia
92	Kuwait	192	Libya
93	Kyrgyzstan	193	Liechtenstein
94	Lao People’s Democratic Republic	194	Luxembourg
95	Latvia	195	Malawi
96	Lebanon	196	Malaysia
97	Lesotho	197	Maldives
98	Liberia	198	Malta

Major Announcements and Developments Ahead of COP30

• Brazil unveiled the “Baku to Belém” climate finance roadmap, aiming to mobilise $1.3 trillion for global climate action.
• Indigenous leaders from the Andes and Amazon regions plan to push for stronger protection of Indigenous rights and lands.
• Adaptation has been declared a central theme, reflecting the Amazon’s ecological importance.
• Brazil faces logistical challenges, including accommodation constraints, with temporary cruise-ship housing being arranged for participants.
• Global discussions continue around carbon-market rules and stronger adaptation finance mechanisms.

Why COP30 Matters

• It marks the 30th anniversary of UNFCCC climate summits, symbolising three decades of climate diplomacy.
• Hosted in the Amazon, it highlights the crucial link between forests, biodiversity, and climate balance.
• It seeks to transform promises into measurable actions, bridging the gap between ambition and implementation.
• Developing nations view COP30 as an opportunity to demand greater financial and technological support from wealthier countries.

Summary Table

Item	Details
Host Country	Brazil
Host City	Belém, Pará
COP 30 Dates	10 – 21 November 2025
Heads of State Summit	6 – 7 November 2025
Venue	Hangar Convention & Fair Centre, Belém
Main Theme	Implementation, Adaptation, Inclusion, and Nature-Based Solutions
Six Pillars	Mitigation, Adaptation, Finance, Technology, Capacity-Building, Implementation
Participating Nations	Around 198 UNFCCC Parties
Key Outcomes Expected	Finance roadmap, updated NDCs, forest protection measures, carbon-market rules