The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, often called the “Third Pole,” plays a critical role in supporting river systems and water needs across South Asia. The latest ICIMOD report raises serious concerns about snow persistence and water security in the region.

Why in News?

The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) released a report on April 21, 2025, revealing the lowest snow persistence in 23 years in the Hindu Kush Himalaya, threatening river flows across South Asia.

What is the Hindu Kush ICIMOD 2025 Report?

The ICIMOD 2025 report analyzes the snow cover patterns in the HKH region and highlights the alarming decline in snow persistence during the 2024–2025 winter season. This poses risks to water security, agriculture, hydropower, and drinking water supplies for nearly 2 billion people.

Key Details

• Report Released By: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
• Date of Release: April 21, 2025
• Key Finding: Snow persistence was 23.6% below the 20-year average, the lowest in 23 years.
• Definition: Snow persistence refers to how long snow stays on the ground, a major indicator for water availability.
• Major Rivers Impacted: Ganga (-24.1%), Brahmaputra (-27.9%), Indus (-16.0%).
• Worst Affected Basins: Mekong (-51.9%), Salween (-48.3%).
• Snowmelt Importance: Contributes 23% of annual river flows.
• Population at Risk: Over 2 billion people across South Asia.

Impact/Significance

• Lower snow persistence threatens agriculture, hydropower generation, and drinking water supplies.
• Increased dependency on groundwater sources.
• Higher risks of droughts and water scarcity in key regions.
• Threatens livelihoods, food security, and regional stability.

Challenges

• Accelerated glacier melting and reduced snow cover.
• Poor water management and groundwater over-extraction risks.
• Limited cross-border cooperation for river basin management.

Static Pointers (for Quick Facts Section)

• Hindu Kush Himalaya spans ~4.2 million sq.km across 9 countries.
• The region feeds 10 major river systems, including Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus.
• Hosts-54,000 glaciers, second only to polar regions.
• Supports water needs of ~1.9 billion people in Asia.
• ICIMOD is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal and works on sustainable mountain development.