India-France Bilateral Naval Exercise Varuna

The 21st edition of Varuna (Varuna-23) naval exercise between the Indian and French Navies was held in two phases in 2023. India-France Bilateral Naval Exercise Varuna is a key strategic exercise, initiated in 1993 and named ‘Varuna’ in 2001. Phase II took place in the Arabian Sea and involved joint operations using guided missile frigates, tankers, Maritime Patrol Aircraft, and helicopters. The exercise aimed to enhance warfighting skills, improve interoperability, and promote security in the region. The first phase occurred from January 16-20, 2023, off India’s Western Seaboard.

History and Significance

Initiated in 1993, the India-France naval exercise was named ‘Varuna’ in 2001. It has since grown in scope, representing the strong strategic bilateral ties between the two nations. Varuna enables operational-level interaction, fostering cooperation for peace and stability in maritime zones.

Key Highlights of Varuna Exercise

The exercise typically spans five days and involves ships, submarines, fighter aircraft, helicopters, and maritime patrol aircraft. The French Navy often deploys assets like the aircraft carrier Charles-de-Gaulle, while the Indian Navy contributes its advanced ships and submarines. Varuna has played a pivotal role in strengthening maritime cooperation, particularly in areas like anti-submarine warfare, air defense, tactical maneuvers, and cross-deck helicopter landings.

Strategic Focus

Varuna underscores the shared commitment of India and France to safeguarding global maritime security, particularly in the Indian Ocean region, where both nations are keen to ensure stability amid rising challenges. Key activities include air defense, anti-submarine operations, replenishment at sea, and tactical maneuvers, demonstrating both navies’ ability to operate as integrated forces.

2023 Highlights and UAE Involvement

For the first time in 2023, the UAE joined the Varuna exercise, marking a trilateral collaboration that further strengthened maritime security efforts. Though India’s aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya was absent due to maintenance, other Indian assets compensated, including destroyers and submarines, ensuring high-level coordination with the French Navy’s Charles de Gaulle carrier strike group.