India’s Coffee Journey: From Roots to Global Reach; World’s 7th Largest Coffee Producer

India has ascended to the position of the world’s seventh-largest coffee producer, with exports reaching $1.29 billion in the fiscal year 2023-24, nearly doubling from $719.42 million in 2020-21.

Historical Roots and Evolution

The introduction of coffee to India traces back to the 1600s when Sufi saint Baba Budan brought seven Mocha seeds to the hills of Karnataka. This act initiated the cultivation of coffee in the region, leading to its evolution into a significant industry.

Current Production and Export Landscape

Production Volume: India’s coffee production predominantly comprises Arabica and Robusta beans, with approximately three-fourths of the output consisting of these varieties. In the first half of January 2025, over 9,300 tonnes were exported, with Italy, Belgium, and Russia being the top buyers.

Export Growth: The surge in exports is attributed to the increasing global demand for India’s rich and unique coffee flavors. The export value has seen a significant rise, reflecting India’s growing presence in the global coffee market.

Domestic Consumption Trends

Domestic coffee consumption in India has also experienced a steady increase, rising from 84,000 tonnes in 2012 to 91,000 tonnes in 2023. This growth is influenced by the rise of café culture, higher disposable incomes, and a growing preference for coffee over tea, particularly in urban and rural areas.

Regional Production Insights

India’s coffee is primarily cultivated in the ecologically rich Western and Eastern Ghats, areas renowned for their biodiversity. Karnataka leads in production, contributing 248,020 metric tonnes in 2022-23, followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu. These regions are home to shaded plantations that not only support the coffee industry but also play a vital role in preserving the natural environment, helping to maintain the ecological balance of these biodiversity hotspots.

Government Initiatives and Future Outlook

To enhance coffee production and meet growing domestic and international demand, the Coffee Board of India has launched several important initiatives. Through the Integrated Coffee Development Project (ICDP), the focus is on improving yields, expanding cultivation in non-traditional regions, and ensuring the sustainability of coffee farming. These measures are part of a comprehensive strategy to strengthen India’s coffee industry, increase productivity, and improve its global competitiveness.

World’s Largest Coffee Producers (Ranked)

1. Brazil – The largest coffee producer, contributing approximately 37% of global coffee supply.
2. Vietnam – The second-largest, known primarily for its Robusta coffee.
3. Colombia – A major Arabica coffee producer, ranked third globally.
4. Indonesia – A key producer, particularly known for its robusta and specialty coffees.
5. Honduras – One of the leading coffee producers in Central America.
6. Mexico – A major exporter of Arabica coffee, ranked sixth globally.
7. India – Seventh-largest, growing both Arabica and Robusta beans.

Summary of the news

Why in News	Key Points
India ranks 7th in global coffee production with exports hitting $1.29 billion in 2023-24	– India is the 7th largest coffee producer globally. – Coffee exports increased from $719.42 million (2020-21) to $1.29 billion (2023-24). – Leading coffee-producing state: Karnataka. – Major export destinations: Italy, Belgium, and Russia. – Production includes Arabica and Robusta beans. – India’s coffee exports saw a surge in the first half of January 2025.
Historical context of coffee in India	– Coffee introduced to India in the 1600s by Baba Budan. – Initially cultivated in Karnataka.
Key regions for coffee production	– Coffee grown primarily in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. – Regions: Western and Eastern Ghats.
Domestic consumption and growth	– India’s coffee consumption grew from 84,000 tonnes in 2012 to 91,000 tonnes in 2023. – Urban and rural areas show an increase in coffee culture.
Government initiatives	– Integrated Coffee Development Project (ICDP) to boost yield, expand cultivation, and improve sustainability.
Coffee-related organizations and initiatives	– Coffee Board of India supports coffee sector development.