India’s under-5 mortality rate declines by 3 points; largest drops in UP and Karnataka

India’s under-5 mortality rate declines by 3 points: According to the Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2020, India’s under-5 mortality rate has dramatically decreased from 35 per 1,000 live births in 2019 to 32 per 1,000 live births in 2020, with the largest fall observed in Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Karnataka. Towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets by 2030, the country has been experiencing a progressive decline in infant mortality rate (IMR), under 5 mortality rate (U5MR), and neo-mortality rate (NMR), according to a report released by the Registrar General of India, said Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya.

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India’s under-5 mortality rate declines by 3 points: Key Points

• Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya expressed gratitude to all caregivers, health professionals, and community members for their tireless efforts to lower child mortality.
• India’s under-5 mortality rate has significantly decreased by three points from 2019 (annual fall rate: -8.6%). (32 per 1,000 live births in 2020 against 35 per 1000 live births in 2019). In rural areas, it is 36; in urban areas, it is 21.
• Females have a greater U5MR (33) than males do (31).
• In the same time span, male U5MR has decreased by four points, and female U5MR has decreased by three points. In addition, the infant mortality rate decreased by two points from 30 per 1,000 live births in 2019 to 28 per 1,000 live births in 2020. (annual decline rate—6.7 per cent).

India’s under-5 mortality rate: Performance of the States

• According to the research, Kerala (6) had the lowest IMR while Madhya Pradesh (43) had the highest.
• According to the report, eleven states and union territories (UTs) have already met the SDG target of U5MR (less than or equal to 25 by 2030): Kerala (8), Tamil Nadu (13), Delhi (14), Maharashtra (18), Jammu and Kashmir (17), Karnataka (21), Punjab (22), West Bengal (22), Telangana (23), Gujarat (24), and Himachal Pradesh (24)
• The national Crude Birth Rate (CBR) for 2020 is 19.5, representing a decrease of 0.2 percentage points from 2019. The survey noted that among the larger states/UTs, Kerala (13.2) had the lowest CBR while Bihar (25.5) had the highest.
• The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) for the nation decreased from 2.1 in 2019 to 2.0 in 2020, per the data. The greatest TFR in 2020 was reported by Bihar (3.0), while the lowest TFRs were reported by Delhi, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal (1.4).
• Kerala (4), Delhi (9), Tamil Nadu (9), Maharashtra (11), Jammu and Kashmir (12), and Punjab (12) are the six states/UTs that have already met the SDG objective for the Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) (less than or equal to 12 by 2030).

India’s under-5 mortality rate: Rural and Urban Performance

• The gender gap has not been noticed in 2020, and the rural-urban divide has shrunk to 12 points (urban-19, rural-31) (male-28, female-28).
• According to the report, the country’s IMR decreased from 37 in 2015 to 28 in 2020, a drop of nine points over the previous five years and an average annual reduction of roughly 1.8 points.
• Additionally, there has been a two-point decrease in the neonatal mortality rate, which went from 22 per 1,000 live births in 2019 to 20 per 1,000 live births in 2020. (annual decline rate-9.1 per cent). In urban regions, it is 12; in rural areas, it is 23.

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