Gold has always been seen as a sign of wealth and financial power. Even today, many countries keep large amounts of gold as a safe and secure asset for their economies. In this article, we will look at the top 10 countries with the biggest gold reserves, understand why they hold so much gold, and see how it affects the world economy.
Gold reserves refer to the quantity of gold held by a country’s central bank or monetary authority as part of its official reserves. These reserves serve as a store of value and provide financial security, acting as a hedge against economic uncertainties. Countries maintain gold reserves to bolster their economic stability, support the national currency, and diversify their overall portfolio of assets, contributing to global financial stability and influencing international monetary dynamics.
Gold reserves contribute to a country’s economy by serving as a store of value and a financial buffer. They enhance economic stability, acting as a hedge against currency fluctuations and geopolitical uncertainties. Additionally, gold reserves provide credibility, instill confidence in investors, and play a role in shaping monetary policy, influencing the overall economic resilience of a nation.
Here are some of the reasons for which countries keep gold reserves:
As of 2025, the United States holds the top position globally with the largest gold reserves, totaling 8,133.46 tonnes. This substantial reserve is valued at $489,133.74 million, representing an impressive 68.22% of the country’s total holdings. The significant quantity underscores the United States’ commitment to financial stability and its pivotal role in influencing global gold markets. These reserves serve as a foundation for economic strength, bolstering the nation’s position in the international monetary landscape.
United States of America, with the gold reserves of 489,133.74, holds the title of the largest country in terms of gold reserves, followed by Germany, Italy, and France.
Here is the list of top-10 countries with largest gold reserves:
LARGETS COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF GOLD RESERVES 2025 | |||
Rank | Country | Gold Reserves (in tonnes) | Gold Reserves (in $ millions) |
1. | United States of America | 8,133.46 | 489,133.74 (68.22%) |
2. | Germany | 3,352.65 | 201,623.07 (67.34%) |
3. | Italy | 2,451.84 | 147,449.64 (64.41%) |
4. | France | 2,436.88 | 146,551.80 (66.09%) |
5. | Russian Federation | 2,332.74 | 140,287.50 (24.67%) |
6. | China | 2,191.53 | 131,795.43 (3.98%) |
7. | Switzerland | 1,040.00 | 62,543.91 (7.65%) |
8. | Japan | 845.97 | 50,875.51 (4.11%) |
9. | India | 800.78 | 48,157.71 (8.13%) |
10. | Netherlands | 612.45 | 36,832.02 (56.06%) |
United States of America, with the gold reserves of 489,133.74, holds the title of the largest country in terms of gold reserves.
The majority of the reserves and resources of gold in India are located in the state of Karnataka. In 2020, Karnataka's reserves of such precious metal amounted to some 61.5 metric tons, whereas resources surpassed 249 metric tons.
As per the RBI's report on the Management of Foreign Exchange Reserves from October 2022 to March 2023, 437.22 metric tonnes of gold are kept in safe custody overseas with the Bank of England and the Bank of International Settlements (BIS), whereas 301.10 metric tonnes of gold are stored domestically.
Germany, with the gold reserves of 3,352.65, holds the title of the second largest country in terms of gold reserves.
The top-5 largest countries in the world in terms of gold reserves are: United States of America, Germany, Italy, France, and Russian Federation.
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