India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, and with growth comes an ever-increasing need for energy. Crude oil remains at the heart of this demand – it powers vehicles, fuels industries and keeps the economy moving. But there’s one challenge: India doesn’t produce enough oil on its own. In fact, more than 85% of the crude oil of India uses come from other countries.
In 2025, the global oil trade has shifted. While Middle Eastern nations still dominate, new suppliers like Russia and the United States have become more important to India’s energy security. Let’s explore where India gets its oil from today.
Crude oil is a naturally occurring liquid found underground, made up of hydrocarbons and organic materials formed over millions of years. It is extracted through drilling and refined into useful products such as:
While it is vital for modern life, burning crude oil also causes pollution and climate change, pushing countries to slowly explore cleaner energy options.
India’s economy crossed $4 trillion in 2025, making it the fourth-largest in the world. This rapid growth means:
As a result, India’s oil demand is growing 4-5% every year, faster than the global average. Daily imports are now around 4.7-5 million barrels, making India the third-largest crude oil importer after China and the United States.
In 2025, India meets most of its growing energy needs by importing crude oil from around the world. While the Middle East remains the main source, new suppliers like Russia and the U.S. are playing bigger roles.
Share of imports: 20-23%
Iraq continues to be India’s number one source of crude oil. The country offers affordable prices and stable supplies, making it a reliable partner. Iraqi oil is shipped from the Persian Gulf and reaches Indian refineries within days, ensuring steady availability.
Share of imports: 16-18%
Saudi Arabia has been a key supplier for decades. Apart from oil, it also invests in India’s energy infrastructure. Its close political and trade ties with India make it a dependable source of high-quality crude.
Share of imports: 18-20%
In recent years, Russia has become a major player in India’s oil imports. Due to global market shifts, Russia began offering discounted crude to India, which has significantly increased purchases. Shipping oil from Russia takes longer, but the lower prices make it attractive.
Share of imports: 8-10%
The UAE not only sells oil but also partners with India for energy storage and investment projects. Its proximity to India ensures quick deliveries and steady supply lines.
Share of imports: 6-7%
The U.S. exports light crude oil to India, which is easier to refine into petrol and diesel. Trade ties between the two nations have strengthened and the U.S. is becoming an important backup supplier for India.
Share of imports: 5-6%
Nigeria and other West African nations help India diversify its oil sources. African crude is generally of high quality and helps reduce dependence on Middle Eastern suppliers.
While these partnerships are strong, relying so much on imported oil creates risks for India:
To reduce risks, India is:
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