New Fire-Resilient, Dual-Blooming Plant Species Discovered in Western Ghats

In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have identified a new fire-resilient species of Dicliptera in the Northern Western Ghats of India, named Dicliptera polymorpha. This new species is notable for its ability to thrive in harsh, fire-prone grasslands and its rare dual-blooming behavior, making it a significant addition to the biodiversity of the region. The discovery was made by a team from the Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, led by Dr. Mandar Datar, with the support of local botanist Adittya Dharap and Ph.D. student Bhushan Shigwan. The species was found in Talegaon-Dabhade, an area known for its grasslands and fodder markets.

Unique Adaptation to Fire

Dicliptera polymorpha is a pyrophytic species, thriving on the slopes of open grasslands that endure extreme climatic conditions. Unlike typical species, it blooms twice: once post-monsoon and again during the summer, triggered by the grassland fires that are commonly set by locals. This adaptation makes it one of the few plants with such a response to fire, vital for its survival in this fire-prone ecosystem.

Dual-Blooming Phenomenon

The species exhibits an unusual dual-blooming pattern. The first bloom occurs between November and April, after the monsoon, while the second is triggered by grassland fires during May and June. The second bloom is shorter but more vigorous, produced from the plant’s woody rootstocks.

Taxonomic Uniqueness

The species is recognized for its unique inflorescence structure. The inflorescence units (cymules) develop into spicate inflorescences, a feature not seen in any other Indian species. Its closest relatives are found in Africa, underscoring the unique evolutionary traits of this species.

Conservation Implications

The discovery has crucial conservation implications. While fire is essential to its life cycle, the species’ survival depends on a balanced fire management system to avoid habitat degradation. The species’ limited habitat in the Western Ghats highlights the importance of protecting these delicate ecosystems to ensure the survival of such newly discovered species.

Summery of the News

Key Point	Details
Why in News	Discovery of Dicliptera polymorpha, a fire-resilient, dual-blooming plant species in the Northern Western Ghats by Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune.
Species Name	Dicliptera polymorpha
Discovering Institute	Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune
Habitat	Open grasslands on slopes in the Northern Western Ghats
Unique Traits	Dual-blooming pattern (post-monsoon and fire-triggered); spicate inflorescence structure
Blooming Phases	– Post-monsoon: November to April – Fire-triggered: May to June
Taxonomic Significance	Only known Indian species with spicate inflorescences; closest relatives in Africa
External Confirmation	Dr. I. Darbyshire from Kew Botanic Garden, London
Location of Discovery	Talegaon-Dabhade, known for grasslands and fodder markets
Western Ghats	One of India’s four global biodiversity hotspots
Threats	Habitat degradation due to human-induced fires and overuse of grasslands