VB–G RAM G 2025 vs MNREGA: Comparison of India’s Rural Employment Reset

India’s rural employment policy has entered a new phase with the Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) – VB–G RAM G 2025. Touted as the biggest reform since MNREGA (2005), the new law shifts the focus from short-term wage relief to asset-based, productivity-driven rural development.

For government job aspirants and general readers, a clear tabular comparison helps in quickly understanding how VB–G RAM G differs from MNREGA in objectives, structure, funding, and impact.

VB–G RAM G 2025 vs MNREGA: Side-by-Side Comparison

Parameter	MNREGA (2005)	VB–G RAM G 2025
Legal Status	Statutory right to work under MGNREGA Act	Statutory guarantee retained under new law
Guaranteed Employment	100 days per rural household per year	125 days per rural household per year
Nature of Work	Unskilled manual work	Unskilled manual work with asset focus
Core Objective	Short-term income support	Income security + productivity + livelihoods
Approach to Employment	Demand-driven wage employment	Employment linked to durable asset creation
Work Categories	Broad, scattered list of permissible works	4 focused work verticals
Primary Development Focus	Social protection	Rural infrastructure and economic resilience

Comparison of Work Structure and Planning

Aspect	MNREGA	VB–G RAM G 2025
Work Planning	Annual labour budget, often ad-hoc	Viksit Gram Panchayat Plan
Asset Selection	Panchayat-driven, flexible	Strategically mapped and prioritised
Integration with National Plans	Limited integration	Linked with PM Gati-Shakti and national platforms
Spatial Mapping	Minimal	Mandatory digital and GIS mapping
Asset Durability	Often short-lived	Focus on long-term, productive assets

Work Priorities: Then vs Now

Dimension	MNREGA	VB–G RAM G 2025
Water-Related Works	One of many categories	Top priority vertical
Rural Infrastructure	Limited and fragmented	Roads, storage, connectivity to markets
Livelihood Assets	Indirect impact	Direct support to agriculture and enterprises
Climate Resilience	Not central	Core pillar of the scheme
Disaster Mitigation	Sporadic	Flood control, soil conservation prioritised

Digital and Governance Framework

Feature	MNREGA	VB–G RAM G 2025
Digital Tracking	MIS-based reporting	National Rural Infrastructure Stack
Asset Database	Fragmented	Unified national digital platform
Transparency Tools	Social audits, job cards	Digital planning + mapped assets
Monitoring	Post-facto checks	Real-time integration across levels
Leakage Control	Mixed results	Designed to reduce duplication and misuse

Funding Model Comparison

Aspect	MNREGA	VB–G RAM G 2025
Budgeting Method	Demand-driven, open-ended	Normative funding
Employment Guarantee	Yes	Yes (legally protected)
Unemployment Allowance	Mandatory if work not given	Mandatory if work denied
Budget Predictability	Often uncertain	Higher predictability
Criticism	Delayed payments, fund misuse	Risk of de facto caps debated

Centre–State Cost Sharing

Region	MNREGA	VB–G RAM G 2025
General States	60:40	60:40
NE & Himalayan States	90:10	90:10
UTs (No Legislature)	100% Centre	100% Centre

Impact on Farmers and Labourers

Stakeholder	MNREGA Impact	VB–G RAM G 2025 Impact
Farmers	Labour shortages during peak seasons	States can pause works for up to 60 days
Agricultural Costs	Wage distortions reported	More stable labour availability
Labourers	Unpredictable work availability	Predictable schedules, higher days
Migration	Limited reduction	Expected decline in distress migration
Long-Term Benefits	Mostly wage-based	Wage + infrastructure + livelihoods