Important Articles of Constitution of India 2022

The Constitution of India has 395 articles contained in 22 parts. It also has 12 schedules. Since its adoption in 26 November, 1949, the constitution has been amended for about 103 times. The total number of Amendment Bills that have been introduced till now in parliament is 126.

PART 1 THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY

Article 3 – Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States

PART 2 CITIZENSHIP

Article 8 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.

Article 10 – Continuance of the rights of citizenship.

Article 11 – Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

Part 3 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Article 14- Equality before law

Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.

Article 19 – Freedom of:

• speech and expression,
• peaceful assembly
• association,
• movement,
• residence

Article 20- Protection in respect of conviction for offenses.

Article 32 – Right to constitutional remedies.

Part 4 DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY

Article 39 – Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.

Article 41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.

Article 43 – Living wage, etc., for workers.

Article 44 – Uniform civil code for the citizens

Part 5 UNION EXECUTIVE & PARLIAMENT

Article 72 – Power of President to grant pardons etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.

Article 80 – Composition of the Council of States.

Article 82 Readjustment after each census.

Article 102 – Disqualifications for membership.

Article 123 – Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.

Article 124 – Establishment of Supreme Court

Article 125 – Salaries of Judges

Article 126 – Appointment of acting Chief justice

Article 127 – Appointment of ad–hoc judges

Article 128 –Attendance of retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Court

Article 129 – Supreme Court to be a court of Record

Article 130 – Seat of the Supreme Court

Article 136 – Special leaves for an appeal to the Supreme Court

Article 137 – Review of judgment or orders by the Supreme Court

Article 141 – Decision of the Supreme Court of India binding on all the courts

Article 148 – Comptroller and Auditor– General of India

Article 149 – Duties and Powers of CAG

PART 6 STATES

Article 153 – Governors of State

Article 154 – Executive Powers of Governor

Article 161 – Pardoning powers of the Governor

Article 165 – Advocate–General of the State

Article 213 – Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances

Article 214 – High Courts for states

Article 215 – High Courts to be a court of record

Article 226 – Power of High Courts to issue certain writs

Article 233 – Appointment of District judges

Article 235 – Control over Subordinate Courts

PART 9 PANCHAYATS

Article 243A – Gram Sabha

Article 243B – Constitution of Panchayats

PART 12 FINANCE, PROPERTIES, CONTRACTS AND SUITS

Article 266 – Consolidated Fund and Public Accounts Fund

Article 267 – Contingency Fund of India

Article 280 – Finance Commission

Article 300 A – Right to property

PART 14 SERVICES UNDER CENTRE AND STATE

Article 312 – All– India–Service

Article 315 – Public service commissions for the union and for the states

Article 320 – Functions of Public Service Commission

PART 14A TRIBUNALS

Article 323A – Administrative Tribunals

PART 15 ELECTIONS

Article 324 – Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission

Article 325 – No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex

Article 326 – Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage

PART 17 OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Article 343 – Official languages of the Union

Article 345 – Official languages or languages of a state

Article 348 – Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts

Article 351 – Directive for development of the Hindi languages

PART 18 EMERGENCY

Article 352 – Proclamation of emergency (National Emergency)

Article 356 – State Emergency (President’s Rule)

Article 360 – Financial Emergency

PART 20 AMANDMENT OF THE CONSTITUION

Article 368 – Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution

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