Gabon Approves New Constitution in Historic Referendum

Gabon held a landmark referendum, where 91% of voters approved a new constitution, marking a significant political shift in the country. The constitution aims to end 55 years of dynastic rule and reintroduce a democratic civilian government. The ruling military junta, which took power in August 2023 through a coup, orchestrated the referendum, signaling a new era of governance.

Approval and Voter Participation

• The referendum was overwhelmingly approved, with 91% of voters supporting the new constitution.
• Voter turnout was reported at 71%, with some delays in polling stations in Libreville but no significant incidents.
• The referendum was conducted under heightened security, with a curfew extended to maintain order throughout the voting process.

Key Constitutional Changes

• Presidential Term Limits: The new constitution introduces a two-term limit of seven years each for the presidency.
• End of Dynastic Rule: The constitution excludes dynastic succession, a move aimed at dismantling the long-standing Bongo family leadership.
• Prime Minister’s Role Abolished: The new constitution removes the position of the prime minister, shifting power towards the presidency.
• Eligibility Criteria for Presidential Candidates: The constitution mandates that presidential candidates must be Gabonese by birth, with at least one Gabonese parent and a Gabonese spouse. This provision disqualifies Ali Bongo, the former president, due to his marriage to a French woman.

Transition and Governance

• Civilian Governance: Transitional President Brice Oligui Nguema expressed hope that the referendum would lead to a return to full civilian rule after a two-year transition period.
• International Observation: Unlike the 2023 election, international observers were present during the referendum, ensuring greater transparency in the process.

Public Sentiment

• Afrobarometer Survey: Preliminary findings from an Afrobarometer survey revealed that 87% of respondents believed the country was headed in the right direction following the referendum.
• Public Concerns: Despite optimism about political changes, challenges such as unemployment, healthcare, and rising living costs remain central issues for many Gabonese citizens.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Gabon Approves New Constitution in Historic Referendum
Approval	91% of voters approved the new constitution.
Key Constitutional Changes	– Presidential Term Limits: Two terms of seven years each. – Abolition of the Prime Minister’s Role. – No Dynastic Succession: Excludes family-based succession. – Eligibility: Presidential candidates must have a Gabonese parent and spouse, disqualifying Ali Bongo.
Role of Military Junta	Junta, led by Transitional President Brice Oligui Nguema, organized the referendum after taking power in August 2023.
Transitional Government	Civilian rule promised after a two-year transition period.