The reintroduction of cheetahs in India marks one of the most ambitious wildlife conservation initiatives in recent history. Under the Project Cheetah, India has successfully translocated African cheetahs from Namibia and South Africa to revive the extinct population. Recently, Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh witnessed a major success, as a female cheetah named Nirva gave birth to five cubs. This event not only signifies the positive progress of the reintroduction project but also strengthens India’s biodiversity conservation efforts.
Why in News?
- On April 28, 2025, Chief Minister Mohan Yadav announced that cheetah Nirva gave birth to five cubs at Kuno National Park, Sheopur district, Madhya Pradesh. With this litter, the total number of cheetahs and cubs at Kuno increased to 29. Nationwide, the number of cheetahs, including cubs, now stands at 31.
What is Project Cheetah?
- Project Cheetah is India’s flagship programme aimed at reintroducing cheetahs into their historical range.
- It involves intercontinental translocation of cheetahs from Africa to India.
Objective
- Restore ecosystem balance through reintroducing the top predator.
- Enhance India’s wildlife tourism and biodiversity.
Background
- Cheetahs were declared extinct in India in 1952.
- Eight cheetahs from Namibia were first introduced into Kuno in September 2022.
- Twelve more from South Africa were brought in February 2023.
Key Details and Features
About Kuno National Park
- Location: Morena and Sheopur districts, Madhya Pradesh.
- Area: 750 sq. km.
- Geography: Located near Vindhyan Hills, traversed by the Kuno River.
- Status: Declared a national park in 2018 (earlier a wildlife sanctuary).
Flora
- Dominated by Kardhai, Salai, Khair trees.
- 123 tree species, 71 shrub species, 34 bamboo and grass species.
Fauna
Home to species like,
- Jungle Cat, Indian Leopard, Sloth Bear, Indian Wolf, Striped Hyena, Bengal Fox, Dhole.
- Rich avifauna with over 120 bird species.
Impact/Significance
Positive Impacts
- Biodiversity Enhancement: Restoration of the original food chain and ecological balance.
- Boost to Conservation Efforts: Reinforces India’s leadership in global conservation practices.
- Tourism and Economy: Increased eco-tourism potential, local employment opportunities.
- Research and Education: Opportunity for scientific studies on species rewilding and habitat management.
Symbolic Significance
- Birth of cubs signifies a self-sustaining cheetah population possibility in the future.
Challenges or Concerns
- High Mortality Risk: Past deaths of translocated cheetahs due to health and adaptation issues.
- Habitat Suitability: Kuno’s carrying capacity is limited; cheetahs need expansive grassland ecosystems.
- Human-Wildlife Conflict: Potential for conflict if cheetahs stray into human habitations.
- Disease Outbreaks: Non-native species are vulnerable to local pathogens.
- Management and Monitoring: Requires continuous expert supervision and active habitat management.
Way Forward/Solutions
- Habitat Expansion: Develop and prepare additional habitats like Gandhi Sagar, Mukundara Hills, and Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuaries.
- Robust Health Protocols: Regular health checkups and veterinary surveillance.
- Community Involvement: Local community awareness and involvement in conservation programmes.
- Use of Technology: Satellite tracking, drones for monitoring movement and health.
- International Cooperation: Continued collaboration with Namibia and South Africa for expertise and genetic management.