What is Economic Survey? Why it is Presented Before the Union Budget?

The Economic Survey for FY26 is being presented in Parliament by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. This important document works like a yearly report card of the Indian economy. It explains how the economy performed in the past year and what lies ahead in the near and long term. At a time when global uncertainty is high and markets are volatile, the Economic Survey becomes even more meaningful for policymakers, investors and common citizens.

What is Economic Survey?

The Economic Survey is an official government document that gives a detailed review of India’s economic condition. It analyses major areas such as economic growth, inflation, employment, government finances, agriculture, industry, services and external trade. The survey uses data, trends and expert analysis to explain how the economy has performed and what challenges and opportunities may arise in the future. It acts as a guiding document for understanding India’s economic direction.

Why is it Presented Before the Union Budget?

The Economic Survey is presented just before the Union Budget because it sets the foundation for budget decisions. It highlights economic strengths, weaknesses and priority areas that need government support. Based on the findings of the survey, the government plans taxes, spending and reforms in the Union Budget. In simple terms, the Economic Survey explains “where the economy stands,” while the Budget explains “what the government plans to do next.”

Who Prepares the Economic Survey?

The Economic Survey is prepared by the Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs under the Ministry of Finance. It is written under the leadership of the Chief Economic Adviser (CEA), who is currently Dr. V. Anantha Nageswaran. A team of economists and experts contribute data analysis and insights to ensure the survey reflects accurate economic conditions and future risks.

Why the Economic Survey Matters So Much?

The Economic Survey is important because it signals the government’s thinking on economic policy. Investors, businesses, economists and global institutions closely study the survey to understand India’s growth outlook. It also helps students and researchers gain a clear picture of how different sectors of the economy are performing and what reforms may be introduced in the coming year.

Key Themes Expected in the FY26 Economic Survey

The FY26 Economic Survey is expected to focus on several important areas. These include India’s real GDP growth outlook, inflation trends, performance of the banking sector, agriculture growth, export performance and the role of the services sector. Special attention may also be given to global risks, currency movements and commodity prices, especially with rising gold and silver rates and a weaker rupee.

Market Movements and Global Uncertainty

Ahead of the Economic Survey, financial markets have shown sharp movements. The Indian rupee has fallen to record lows against the US dollar, while gold and silver prices have reached historic highs. These developments highlight global uncertainty and rising risk perceptions. The survey is expected to address how such global trends may impact India’s economic stability and growth.

Where to Watch and Access the Economic Survey?

The presentation of the Economic Survey can be watched live on Sansad TV and Doordarshan. After it is tabled in Parliament, the full document will be available on the official Union Budget website, indiabudget.gov.in. A media briefing by senior finance ministry officials and the Chief Economic Adviser will also explain the key findings in detail.