A dam is a physical obstruction that slows or restricts the flow of subsurface or surface water. Dams build reservoirs that serve multiple purposes, including flood control, irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Dams and hydropower are frequently combined to produce electricity. Water that can be equally divided between areas can be gathered or stored in a dam.
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While other structures, like floodgates or levees (also known as dikes), are used to control or prohibit water flow into particular geographical zones, dams typically serve the primary function of retaining water. The Jawa Dam in Jordan dates back to 3,000 BC and is the oldest known dam.
Let us have a look at the List of Important Dam in India.
A dam is a physical obstruction that restricts water movement and creates a reservoir. Dams are typically constructed to use water to generate electricity. Hydroelectricity is the name given to this type of electricity. Dams build reservoirs that serve multiple purposes, including flood control, irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability.
Following are the types of Dams in India:
A concrete dam that curves upstream in the plan is called an arch dam. In order to reinforce the structure as it pushes against its foundation or abutments, it is constructed so that the hydrostatic pressure (force of the water against it) forces against the arch. This causes the arch to gently straighten. The ideal location for an arch dam is a tight canyon or gorge with steep, sturdy rock walls to sustain the construction and stresses.
Gravity dams are dams made of concrete or stone masonry. They are made to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against them by solely employing the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Each part of the dam is stable and independent from the others thanks to its thoughtful design.
This dam combines the traits of a gravity dam with an arch dam. It is a dam that narrows as it turns upstream, directing the majority of the water pressure against the canyon’s rock walls. The lateral (horizontal) force pressing on the dam is lessened by the water’s inward compression of the dam.
Several enormous gates that may be opened or closed to regulate the volume of water moving through make up a barrage, a form of low-head, diversion dam. As a result, the structure may control and maintain the elevation of the river upstream for use in irrigation and other systems.
A substantial man-made dam is an embankment dam. It is often made by placing and compacting a complicated semi-plastic mound made of different soil, sand, clay, or rock compositions. It features a solid, impermeable core and a natural waterproof covering that is semi-permeable.
Embankments of compacted, freely draining granular earth with an impermeable zone are known as rock-fill dams. The term “rock-fill” refers to earth that has a significant proportion of big particles.
A rock-fill dam with concrete slabs on its upstream face is known as a concrete-face rock-fill dam (CFRD). With this plan, the concrete slab serves as both an impervious wall to stop leaks and a structure without worry about uplift pressure.
A well-compacted earth embankment is used to build earth-fill dams, often known as earthen dams, rolled-earth dams, or simply earth dams. A homogeneous rolled-earth dam is made entirely of one material, yet it might also have a drain layer to catch leak water.
Here are the interesting facts about Dams in India
Following is the list of Important Dams in India:
Important Dams in India | State of Important Dam in India | River |
Bhavani Sagar dam | Tamil Nadu | Bhavani |
Tungabhadra Dam | Karnataka | Tungabhadra |
Rihand Dam | Uttar Pradesh | Rihand |
Maithon Dam | Jharkhand | Barakar |
Koyna Dam | Maharashtra | Koyna |
Bisalpur Dam | Rajasthan | Banas |
Mettur Dam | Tamil Nadu | Kaveri |
Krishnarajasagar Dam | Karnataka | Kaveri |
Indira Sagar Dam | Madhya Pradesh | Narmada |
Cheruthoni Dam | Kerala | Cheruthoni |
Sardar Sarovar Dam | Gujarat | Narmada |
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam | Telangana | Krishna |
Hirakud dam | Odisha | Mahanadi |
Bhakra Nangal Dam | Punjab-Himachal Pradesh Border | Sutlej |
Tehri Dam | Uttarakhand | Bhagirathi |
Dam at Tehri. The Tehri Dam is located in the state of Uttarakhand.
Dam at Bhakra Nangal. The Tehri Dam is located in the state of Uttarakhand.
Dam in Hirakud. Orissa state is home to the Hirakud Dam.
Dam at Nagarjuna Sagar.
Dam at Sardar Sarovar.
Dams and reservoirs are built to retain excess water during rainy seasons so that parched lands can be watered. One of the main advantages of dams and reservoirs is the ability to control water flows according to the seasonal agricultural needs of different regions.
The oldest (first) dam in India was erected in Tamil Nadu across the Kaveri River. The Grand Anicut is another name for it.
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