Savitribai Phule was a Maharashtrian poet, educator, and social reformer. She and her husband significantly contributed to the advancement of women’s rights in Maharashtra and in India. She is credited with founding the feminist movement in India. In Pune, near Bhide Wada, Savitribai and her husband established one of the first modern Indian girls’ schools in 1848. She campaigned to remove caste and gender prejudice and unfair treatment of individuals.
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In the Maharashtra village of Naigaon’s Satara District, Savitribai Phule was born on January 3, 1831. She was born roughly 50 km (31 miles) from Pune and about 15 km (9.3 miles) from Shirval. Lakshmi and Khandoji Nevase Patil, who both belonged to the Mali Community, raised Savitribai Phule as their youngest child. There were three siblings. When she was nine or ten years old, Savitribai married Jyotirao Phule (he was 13). No children of their own were born to Savitribai and Jyotirao. Yashawantrao, a son born to a Brahmin widow, is claimed to have been adopted by them. To support this, nevertheless, there is currently no original evidence. It is stated that because Yashwant was born to a widow, no one wanted to offer him a female when he was going to get married. Thus, in February 1889, Savitribai organised his marriage to Dynoba Sasane, a member of her group.
No children were born to Savitribai and Jyotirao. It’s claimed that they adopted Yashawantrao, a Brahmin widow’s son. However, this has not yet been supported by any original evidence. Yashwant was allegedly refused a girl when he was set to get married because he was the son of a widow. As a result, in February 1889, Savitribai arranged for his marriage to the daughter of a member of her organisation.
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When Savitribai got married, she was illiterate. Along with working on their farm, Jyotirao schooled Savitribai and Sagunabai Shirsagar, his cousin sister, in their residence. She received her primary education from Jyotirao, and his friends Sakharam Yeshwant Paranjpe and Keshav Shivram Bhavalkar were in charge of her secondary education. She also enrolled in two teacher-training programmes, the first of which was at a Pune Normal School and the second at an Ahmednagar institution headed by American missionary Cynthia Farrar. Given her education, Savitribai might have been the first female headmistress and teacher in India.
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Savitribai and Jyotirao Phule founded two educational trusts in the 1850s. The Native,Male School in Pune and the Society for Promoting the Education of Mahars, Mangs, and Other Groups were their names. Under the direction of Savitribai Phule and later Fatima Sheikh, these two trusts eventually included a large number of schools. She opened a total of 18 schools with her husband and taught children from various castes. The pair also assisted pregnant rape victims deliver and safeguard their children by opening a care facility called Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha.
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