Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally, India Medal Tally in Olympics

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Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally, India Medal Tally in Olympics

Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally

China’s Liu Yukun won a gold medal, helping China stay at the top of the medal table. France is in second place, and Japan is in third. This is the 33rd Summer Olympics. It started on Friday and will end on August 11. The Paris Olympics has 32 sports. These include 28 main sports, plus some newer ones like breakdancing, skateboarding, surfing, and sports climbing. India won its third medal in the Paris 2024 Olympics. Swapnil Kusale got a bronze medal in the men’s 50m rifle 3 positions event. This happened in Chateauroux on Thursday.

Paris Olympics 2024 Medal Tally (Full List)

China leads with the most gold medals (11), but the United States has the highest total medal count (31). The top 5 countries by gold medals are China, France, Japan, Australia, and the United States.

Rank	Country	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China	11	7	3	21
2	France	8	10	8	26
3	Japan	8	3	4	15
4	Australia	7	6	4	17
5	United States of America	6	13	12	31
6	Great Britain	6	7	7	20
7	South Korea	6	3	3	12
8	Italy	3	6	4	13
9	Canada	2	2	3	7
10	Germany	2	2	2	6
11	Netherlands	2	2	1	5
11	New Zealand	2	2	1	5
13	Romania	2	1	1	4
14	Hong Kong	2	0	2	4
15	Sweden	1	1	2	4
16	Georgia	1	1	0	2
17	Belgium	1	0	2	3
17	Ireland	1	0	2	3
17	Kazakhstan	1	0	2	3
17	South Africa	1	0	2	3
21	Croatia	1	0	1	2
21	Guatemala	1	0	1	2
23	Argentina	1	0	0	1
23	Azerbaijan	1	0	0	1
23	Ecuador	1	0	0	1
23	Serbia	1	0	0	1
23	Slovenia	1	0	0	1
23	Uzbekistan	1	0	0	1
29	Brazil	0	2	3	5
30	Hungary	0	2	1	3
31	North Korea	0	2	0	2
32	Poland	0	1	2	3
32	Spain	0	1	2	3
34	Kosovo	0	1	1	2
34	Mexico	0	1	1	2
34	Switzerland	0	1	1	2
34	Turkey	0	1	1	2
34	Ukraine	0	1	1	2
39	Fiji	0	1	0	1
39	Mongolia	0	1	0	1
39	Tunisia	0	1	0	1
42	India	0	0	3	3
43	Moldova	0	0	2	2
44	Austria	0	0	1	1
44	Egypt	0	0	1	1
44	Greece	0	0	1	1
44	Slovakia	0	0	1	1
44	Tajikistan	0	0	1	1

Updated 01-08-2024

Exploring Physics Beyond the Higgs Boson Launches

HarperCollins India proudly announces the release of Beyond the Higgs Boson: The W Boson and Dr. Ashutosh Kotwal’s Quest for the Unknown, authored by Manik Kotwal and translated by Jerry Pinto. This inspiring biography chronicles the extraordinary journey of Dr. Ashutosh Kotwal, a pioneering Indian physicist who played a crucial role in groundbreaking research related to the Higgs boson and the W boson. Written by his mother, this deeply personal narrative celebrates Dr. Kotwal’s achievements offer a unique perspective on his life through a mother’s eyes.

Key Highlights

About the Book

Chronicles Dr. Ashutosh Kotwal’s life from childhood to becoming a world-renowned physicist.
Details his key contributions to the discovery of the Higgs boson and his groundbreaking research on the W boson.
Originally published in Marathi as Putra Vhava Aisa to critical acclaim; now available in English.
Features interwoven narratives of scientific discovery and personal insights from his mother.
Paperback, 424 pages, priced at INR 699.

Scientific Contributions

Dr. Kotwal’s research on the W boson was instrumental in predicting the Higgs boson’s mass.
Co-recipient of the 2013 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize from the European Physical Society.
In 2022, he led a team of 400 scientists to publish the world’s most accurate measurement of the W boson mass, the year’s most-cited physics paper.
Currently pursuing research on dark matter and unexplored aspects of particle physics.

About the Author: Manik Kotwal

A seasoned Marathi writer with a portfolio of biographies on notable figures such as Galileo and Oppenheimer.
Received the Ashok Tilak Award for Putra Vhava Aisa in 2016.
Former educator, dramatist, and child development activist in rural Maharashtra.

About the Translator: Jerry Pinto

Renowned translator of works in Marathi, Hindi, and Konkani.
Recipient of prestigious awards, including the Sahitya Akademi Award and Windham-Campbell Award.

Publisher Information

HarperCollins India, a leading publishing house, is known for its award-winning titles and diverse catalogue.
Publishes approximately 200 new books annually across multiple genres and languages.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Beyond the Higgs Boson: The W Boson and Dr. Ashutosh Kotwal’s Quest for the Unknown Book Launches
Authors	Manik Kotwal (Author), Jerry Pinto (Translator)
Publisher	HarperCollins India
Genre	Non-fiction, Biography
Main Subject	Life and achievements of Dr. Ashutosh Kotwal in particle physics
Scientific Highlights	– Predicted the Higgs boson’s mass using W boson research. – Led world-renowned research cited globally in 2022.
Original Publication	Marathi version titled Putra Vhava Aisa (2016).
Author’s Background	Experienced writer, educator, and social activist based in Pune, India.
Translator’s Background	Acclaimed translator and award-winning author, Jerry Pinto.
Aim of the Book	To inspire young minds with the life of a pioneering Indian scientist.

Yamandu Orsi: Uruguay’s New Modern Left Leader

Yamandu Orsi, a 57-year-old former history teacher and mayor of Canelones, has emerged as Uruguay’s president-elect, marking a return to center-left governance under the Broad Front coalition. Garnering 49.8% of votes in the November 2024 runoff, Orsi defeated Alvaro Delgado of the conservative National Party, who secured 45.9%. His victory reflects a shift in Uruguay’s political landscape after five years of conservative rule, promising change while maintaining the country’s moderate ethos.

Early Life and Political Roots

Born in 1967 in rural Canelones, Orsi’s upbringing during Uruguay’s dictatorship (1973–1985) shaped his political aspirations. His engagement with the Popular Participation Movement, led by former president Jose Mujica, solidified his commitment to balancing social welfare and economic growth. His tenure as mayor of Canelones showcased his ability to attract foreign investments, including Google, by streamlining local bureaucracies.

Campaign and Vision

Orsi’s campaign focused on addressing crime, homelessness, and poverty without radical policy shifts. He promised to strengthen Uruguay’s prison system and bolster international cooperation against drug trafficking. Notably, Orsi aims to avoid tax hikes despite economic challenges, emphasizing growth-driven fiscal policies.

Style and Approach

Known for his folksy demeanor, Orsi mirrors Mujica’s humble style, often photographed with his dog Ramon and traditional mate tea. Like Mujica, he plans to forgo the presidential residence. Critics have noted his vague policy details and limited media presence, but supporters view him as a moderate bridge-builder ushering a generational shift in Latin America’s leftist politics.

Challenges Ahead

Uruguay faces rising homicide rates linked to evolving drug routes and lingering child poverty despite a stable economy and low overall poverty rates. Orsi’s administration, taking office in March 2025, must navigate a fragmented parliament, where the Broad Front holds 16 of 30 Senate seats but lacks a lower house majority.

Summery of the news

Why in News	Key Points
Yamandu Orsi Wins Uruguay’s Presidential Election (Nov 2024)	President-Elect: Yamandu Orsi (Broad Front Coalition)
	Percentage of Votes: 49.8% (2nd Round), defeating Alvaro Delgado (45.9%)
	Age: 57 years
	Previous Role: Former history teacher, mayor of Canelones
	Political Ideology: Modern Left, balancing social welfare and economic growth
	Political Influences: Former President Jose “Pepe” Mujica
	Voter Concerns: Focus on poverty, crime, and homelessness
	Campaign Approach: Moderate, promising no radical shifts
	Key Campaign Promise: National dialogue, avoid tax hikes, boost growth
Uruguay	Capital: Montevideo
	Population: 3.4 million
	Currency: Uruguayan Peso (UYU)
	Current President (outgoing): Luis Lacalle Pou (Center-Right)
Political Background	Dictatorship in Uruguay (1973–1985): Orsi’s political views shaped during this period
Uruguay Economy	Key Sectors: Agriculture, Tourism, Legal Cannabis
Uruguay’s Social Issues	Rising Homicide Rates: Linked to changing drug trafficking routes
	Poverty: One of the lowest in the region, still affects children disproportionately
	Unemployment: Low unemployment rates, stable economy

ISRO’s Shukrayaan Set for Venus Voyage After Govt. Approval

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has made several groundbreaking announcements regarding its future missions and technological advancements. These initiatives, shared by Nilesh Desai, Director of ISRO, include plans for Venus exploration, advancements in lunar and Mars missions, the development of India’s space station, and upgrades to weather and communication systems. These missions signify India’s strides in space exploration and its aspirations for deeper interplanetary studies.

Key Highlights

Shukrayaan (Venus Mission)

Approved by the Indian government for launch in 2028.
Aims to explore Venus’s atmosphere and surface.

Chandrayaan 4 (Lunar Mission)

Proposed as a follow-up to Chandrayaan 3.
Joint collaboration between India and Japan.
Will focus on landing at the Moon’s south pole at 90 degrees south latitude.
Features a 350 kg rover, 12 times heavier than Chandrayaan 3’s rover.
Tentative launch timeline: 2030 (pending approval).

Mars Mission

Aims to place a satellite in Mars’ orbit and attempt a surface landing.

Gaganyaan (Human Spaceflight Program)

Unmanned mission scheduled within two years.

Followed by a manned spaceflight.

India’s Space Station

Approved by the Indian government.
Smaller than the International Space Station (ISS).
Comprising five modules, the first to be launched in 2028.
Fully operational by 2035, serving as a transit facility for Moon missions by 2040.

Advanced Weather and Communication Systems

Plans to enhance satellite technology for meteorology and oceanography.
Includes new sensors and satellites under the INSAT 4 series.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	ISRO gets government approval for Venus mission “Shukrayaan”
Mission/Initiative
Shukrayaan (Venus Mission) Approved	A satellite to explore Venus’s atmosphere and surface. Timeline – 2028
Chandrayaan 4	Joint India-Japan mission; aims for a precise lunar south pole landing with a 350 kg rover. Timeline – 2030 (tentative)
Mars Mission	Includes placing a satellite in Mars’ orbit and attempting a surface landing. Timeline – TBD
Gaganyaan	Human spaceflight program; unmanned launch followed by manned mission. Timeline – 2026
India’s Space Station	Government-approved; smaller than ISS, with five modules; will function as a transit facility for Moon missions. Timeline – 2028–2035
Weather & Communication	Advanced sensors and satellites under the INSAT 4 series for meteorology and oceanography, enhancing weather forecasts and communication systems. Timeline – Ongoing

Government Extends Atal Innovation Mission Till 2028

The Indian government has extended the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), the flagship program of NITI Aayog, until 31st March 2028, with an expanded scope and renewed objectives. This new phase, known as Atal Innovation Mission 2.0, was approved by the Union Cabinet during a meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25th November 2024.

Launched in 2016, the original Atal Innovation Mission aimed to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship across the country. The newly expanded version aims to plug gaps in the innovation ecosystem, foster inclusivity, and enhance the quality of entrepreneurial outcomes.

Budget and Scope of Atal Innovation Mission 2.0

The government has allocated a budget of ₹2,750 crore for AIM 2.0. While the first phase emphasized establishing platforms like the Atal Tinkering Labs (ATL) and Atal Incubation Centers (AIC), AIM 2.0 seeks to address systemic gaps, improve startup success rates, and increase the quality of innovations produced in India.

Differences Between Atal Innovation Mission 1.0 and 2.0

Aspect	Atal Innovation Mission 1.0	Atal Innovation Mission 2.0
Focus	Establishing basic innovation platforms (ATL, AIC).	Filling gaps and enhancing the ecosystem.
Programs	– Atal Tinkering Labs to promote school-level innovation.	– Language-inclusive programs, Deeptech Reactor, Industry Accelerators.
	– Atal Incubation Centers to support scalable entrepreneurship.	– Sectoral launchpads and international collaborations.

Three Aims of Atal Innovation Mission 2.0

1. Increasing Input (More Innovators and Entrepreneurs)

AIM 2.0 focuses on broadening the base of innovation by increasing participation through inclusivity:

Language Inclusive Program of Innovation:
This program aims to establish 30 Vernacular Innovation Centers across the country to build a startup ecosystem in 22 Indian languages, promoting grassroots participation.
Atal Tinkering Labs Expansion:
The mission plans to set up 2,500 new Atal Tinkering Labs in Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, North-Eastern States, and other aspirational districts to foster innovation at the school level.

2. Improving Success Rate or Throughput

To ensure that startups have a higher probability of success, AIM 2.0 introduces several targeted programs:

Human Capital Development Program:
This initiative aims to train 5,500 professionals to operate and sustain the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem effectively.
Deeptech Reactor:
A research sandbox designed to test methods for commercializing research-based deep tech startups.
State Innovation Mission:
A program to assist states and Union Territories in strengthening their innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems.
International Innovation Collaborations Program:
This initiative aims to take India’s innovation ecosystem to the global stage by forging international collaborations.

3. Improving the Quality of Output

The mission focuses on enhancing the quality of innovations to produce better jobs, products, and services:

Industrial Accelerator Program:
Aims to increase industry participation in scaling advanced startups by establishing 10 Industry Accelerators.
Atal Sectoral Innovation Launchpads Program:
Modeled after iDEX, this program plans to set up 10 sector-specific launchpads in collaboration with central ministries to integrate and procure innovations from startups in key industries.

Significance of Atal Innovation Mission 2.0

Promotes Inclusivity: By focusing on vernacular languages, AIM 2.0 ensures the inclusion of underrepresented regions and communities.
Enhances Ecosystem Efficiency: By addressing gaps in the innovation ecosystem, AIM 2.0 aims to create a sustainable and supportive framework for startups.
Strengthens Industry Collaboration: The introduction of industry accelerators and sectoral launchpads brings startups closer to market demands.
Global Aspirations: The mission’s international collaboration initiatives position India as a global innovation hub.

Summary of the News

Aspect	Details
Why in News	The Indian government has extended the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) under NITI Aayog until 31st March 2028.
New Phase	Known as Atal Innovation Mission 2.0, approved by the Union Cabinet on 25th November 2024.
Objective	To address gaps in the innovation ecosystem, enhance inclusivity, and improve the quality of entrepreneurial outcomes.
Budget	₹2,750 crore
Key Differences
Focus	AIM 1.0: Established platforms like Atal Tinkering Labs (ATL) and Atal Incubation Centers (AIC).
	AIM 2.0: Focuses on filling gaps and enhancing the ecosystem.
Programs	AIM 1.0: ATL for school innovation; AIC for scalable entrepreneurship.
	AIM 2.0: Introduces Language-Inclusive Programs, Deeptech Reactor, Industry Accelerators, and Launchpads.
Three Aims of AIM 2.0
1. Increasing Input	– Establish 30 Vernacular Innovation Centers in 22 languages.
	– Set up 2,500 new Atal Tinkering Labs in J&K, Ladakh, NE states, and aspirational districts.
2. Improving Success Rate	– Train 5,500 professionals through Human Capital Development Program.
	– Launch Deeptech Reactor, State Innovation Mission, and International Innovation Collaborations Program.
3. Enhancing Quality	– Establish 10 Industry Accelerators to scale advanced startups.
	– Develop 10 Sectoral Innovation Launchpads in collaboration with central ministries.
Significance
Promotes Inclusivity	Encourages participation from underrepresented regions through vernacular languages.
Ecosystem Efficiency	Addresses systemic gaps, creating a sustainable framework for startups.
Strengthens Collaboration	Enhances industry involvement and global collaborations.
Global Aspirations	Positions India as a global innovation hub.

Proba-3: ISRO to Launch ESA’s Precision Formation Flying Solar Mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Proba-3 mission on December 4, 2024, using its PSLV-XL rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. This pioneering mission will study the Sun’s corona, the outermost and hottest layer of the Sun’s atmosphere, through an artificial solar eclipse created by two satellites flying in precise formation. Proba-3 represents a significant technological breakthrough and an example of international collaboration in space exploration.

Mission Objectives and Features

Precision Formation Flying

Proba-3 is the world’s first mission to demonstrate precision formation flying. It will deploy two satellites — the 200 kg Occulter Spacecraft and the 340 kg Coronagraph Spacecraft — that will operate in a highly elliptical orbit (600 x 60,530 km). These satellites will maintain a precise alignment of up to a few millimeters, mimicking a solar eclipse by casting a shadow on the coronagraph.

Scientific Goals

By creating an artificial eclipse, the mission will enable continuous observation of the solar corona for up to six hours. This will allow scientists to study solar phenomena, including flares and coronal mass ejections, which are crucial for understanding space weather and its effects on satellite operations and power grids on Earth.

Onboard Instruments

ASPIICS (Coronagraph): Provides a detailed view of the Sun’s inner and outer corona.

DARA (Digital Absolute Radiometer): Measures the Sun’s total energy output.

3DEES (3D Energetic Electron Spectrometer): Studies electron fluxes for space weather research.

India’s Role and Benefits

Key Contributions

ISRO’s cost-effective and reliable PSLV-XL rocket underscores India’s growing prominence in global space missions. The launch continues ISRO’s collaboration with ESA, following earlier successes with Proba-1 (2001) and Proba-2 (2009).

Data Access

Indian scientists are expected to gain exclusive access to Proba-3 data, which complements insights from India’s Aditya L1 solar mission (launched in 2023). A planned collaboration between ESA and Indian researchers could drive advancements in solar physics and space weather studies.

Future Implications

Proba-3’s innovative approach to solar observation could revolutionize space exploration by proving the feasibility of complex multi-satellite tasks. Its success may inspire future missions that leverage precision formation flying for various scientific and technological goals. Moreover, the mission reinforces the importance of international cooperation, pooling expertise from ESA member states like France, Belgium, and the Netherlands alongside ISRO.

Summery of the news

Why in News	Key Points
Proba-3 Mission Launch by ISRO	ISRO to launch ESA’s Proba-3 mission on December 4, 2024, from Sriharikota.
Mission Objective	To study the Sun’s corona using precision formation flying between two satellites.
Distance Between Satellites	The two satellites will maintain a distance of 150 meters during operation.
Launch Vehicle	Proba-3 will be launched using ISRO’s PSLV-XL rocket.
Satellites in Mission	Occulter Spacecraft (200 kg) and Coronagraph Spacecraft (340 kg) will form the solar coronagraph.
Orbital Details	Proba-3 will be placed in an elliptical orbit (600 x 60,530 km) with an orbital period of 19.7 hours.
Instruments Onboard	1. ASPIICS (Coronagraph) for solar corona observations, 2. DARA for solar irradiance, 3. 3DEES for electron flux study.
Expected Mission Life	Estimated to last for two years.
Key Collaborators	Collaboration between ESA and ISRO. Teams from Spain, Belgium, Poland, Italy, and Switzerland contributed.
Previous ESA Missions	Proba-1 (2001) and Proba-2 (2009) were previous solar missions by ESA.
Benefits to India	Indian solar physicists may get exclusive access to mission data. India plans collaboration with ESA for research.
Significance of Study	Proba-3 will enhance understanding of space weather and solar phenomena like solar flares and coronal mass ejections.
Targeted Observation Time	Proba-3 will provide six hours of continuous solar corona observation, equivalent to 50 solar eclipses annually.

Which Indian State is Known as the Hill Tipperah?

Hill Tipperah is an ancient name for the Indian state of Tripura, located in the northeastern region of the country. This name reflects the state’s historical and cultural identity. In this article, we will explore about the Indian state which is known as the “Hills Tipperah.”

Indian States and Union Territories

India is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories. States have their own governments, while union territories are governed by the central government. Each state and union territory has unique cultures, languages, and traditions.

Tripura, a small and beautiful state in northeast India, is often called “Hill Tipperah.” It has a rich history, unique geography, and cultural heritage. Let’s explore more about this fascinating state.

Why is Tripura Known as the Hill Tipperah?

Tripura is known as Hill Tipperah because of its hilly terrain and historical identity. During British rule, it was a princely state called Hill Tipperah, ruled by the Manikya dynasty. The name reflects its geography, with lush green hills and valleys that define the state’s natural beauty and cultural heritage.

History of Tripura

In the past, Tripura was a princely state during British rule. It was known as Hill Tipperah because of its hilly terrain. The British took control of Tripura in 1761. For centuries, the Manikya dynasty ruled this region. After India gained independence in 1947, Tripura became a part of the Indian Union, marking a new chapter in its history.

Geography of Tripura

Tripura is a hilly state with a total area of 10,491 square kilometers. It is surrounded by Bangladesh on three sides, giving it a unique geographical location. The state’s landscape is filled with hills, valleys, and green forests, making it a place of natural beauty.

Location of Tripura

Today, Tripura is a state in India. It is part of the northeastern region of the country and shares its borders with Assam, Mizoram, and Bangladesh.

Jammu and Kashmir Celebrates First Constitution Day Since 1950

For the first time since the adoption of India’s Constitution in 1950, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) observed Constitution Day (Samvidhan Diwas) with grand celebrations on November 26, 2024. The event marked the completion of 75 years of the adoption of the Constitution and emphasized the core values of justice, equality, and fraternity enshrined in the Preamble. Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha led the historic celebrations, underscoring the region’s integration into the national framework.

Key Highlights of the Celebration

Leading the Observance

Lt Governor Manoj Sinha: Led the celebrations at the Sher-e-Kashmir International Convention Centre (SKICC), Srinagar.
High Court of J&K and Ladakh: Ordered Preamble readings led by senior judges at each wing of the High Court.
District & Taluka Courts: Principal District Judges and senior judicial officers presided over ceremonies across districts and Taluka courts.

Main Event in Srinagar

The primary event was held at the Sher-e-Kashmir International Convention Centre (SKICC), featuring the reading of the Preamble.

Widespread Participation

Ceremonies were conducted across government offices, PSUs, educational institutions, and rural areas.
Citizens joined in reading the Preamble, reflecting a collective commitment to constitutional values.

Significance of the Day

Marks 75 years of the adoption of the Constitution with the theme “Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Swabhimaan” (Our Constitution, Our Pride).

Aimed to motivate citizens to uphold the core values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Celebrated with fervor and enthusiasm to reiterate the importance of the Constitution in daily life.

Special Directives by High Court

Registrar General Shahzad Azeem emphasized the reading of the Preamble by judges and judicial officers to honor the Constitution’s adoption.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	First-ever Constitution Day celebrations in J&K
Date	November 26, 2024
Leading Authority	Lt Governor Manoj Sinha
Main Venue	Sher-e-Kashmir International Convention Centre (SKICC), Srinagar
Theme	“Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Swabhimaan” (Our Constitution, Our Pride)
Significance	Marks 75 years of Constitution adoption; celebrates constitutional values
Judiciary’s Role	High Court and district courts organized Preamble readings
Participation	Government offices, PSUs, educational institutions, and rural areas
Aim	To reiterate constitutional values and motivate citizen participation

Dr. Jaiteerth Raghavendra Joshi Appointed Chief of BrahMos Aerospace

Dr. Jaiteerth Raghavendra Joshi has been named the new Chief of BrahMos Aerospace, the organization behind the globally renowned BrahMos supersonic cruise missile system. With a stellar career of over three decades, Dr. Joshi has made groundbreaking contributions to missile technology, non-destructive testing (NDT), and the professional development of industry experts. His appointment signifies a continued focus on innovation and excellence in India’s defense sector.

A Distinguished Career in Missile Technology

Dr. Joshi’s professional journey is marked by key contributions to India’s prestigious missile programs, including:

Prithvi Missile System: Played a crucial role in the development of one of India’s earliest surface-to-surface missile systems.
Agni Missile Program: Contributed to the design and execution of India’s premier long-range ballistic missile.
LRSAM Program: As the Deputy Project Director for the Long Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LRSAM) program, he spearheaded the development of mission-critical technologies, ensuring India’s defense capabilities remain state-of-the-art.

His extensive expertise in mechanical engineering and missile systems has positioned him as a leading figure in India’s defense research ecosystem.

Academic Background

Dr. Joshi’s strong academic foundation has been instrumental in his career achievements:

BTech in Mechanical Engineering: Earned from Osmania University, a premier engineering institution.
PhD in Mechanical Engineering: Acquired from NIT Warangal, where he specialized in advanced mechanical systems.

These credentials reflect his dedication to understanding and advancing engineering principles critical to India’s defense systems.

Expertise in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

Beyond missile technology, Dr. Joshi is a recognized authority in non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, which are crucial for ensuring the reliability of defense systems.

Training and Certification: Dr. Joshi has trained and certified over 600 candidates in Level-I and Level-II NDT techniques, including:

Radiography
Ultrasonic Testing
Magnetic Particle Testing
Penetrant Testing

Leadership in NDT: As Chairman of the Indian Society for Non-Destructive Testing (ISNT), Dr. Joshi’s initiatives have strengthened the technical capabilities of professionals in the field, contributing to India’s defense manufacturing ecosystem.

BRAHMOS: The Pinnacle of Supersonic Technology

About BrahMos Aerospace

BrahMos Aerospace is a joint venture between India and Russia, responsible for developing the BrahMos missile, widely regarded as the world’s most potent supersonic cruise missile system. The name “BRAHMOS” is derived from two rivers: Brahmaputra (India) and Moskva (Russia).

Features of the BRAHMOS Missile

Unmatched Precision and Speed:

The BrahMos missile is known for its supersonic speed and pinpoint accuracy, capable of striking targets beyond radar horizons.

Versatility:

Designed for both land and sea-based operations, the missile offers a versatile strike capability.

Prime Strike Weapon for the Indian Navy:

In its naval configuration, the missile can be launched in both vertical and inclined modes from moving or static platforms, such as:

- - Destroyers
  - Frigates

Deployment:

The BrahMos missile is a game-changer for India’s maritime security, significantly enhancing the Indian Navy’s ability to strike with precision in various scenarios.

Dr. Joshi’s Vision for BrahMos Aerospace

As Chief of BrahMos Aerospace, Dr. Joshi is expected to:

Drive the development of next-generation missile systems, maintaining India’s technological edge in defense.
Expand the operational capabilities of the BRAHMOS missile, ensuring its adaptability to evolving defense scenarios.
Promote collaboration between India and Russia to foster innovation and deliver cutting-edge defense solutions.

Summary of the News

Aspect	Details
Why in News	Dr. Jaiteerth Raghavendra Joshi has been appointed as the new Chief of BrahMos Aerospace.
Key Achievements	– Over three decades of experience in missile technology and non-destructive testing (NDT).
	– Significant contributions to Prithvi, Agni, and LRSAM missile programs.
Role in LRSAM	Served as Deputy Project Director, developing mission-critical technologies.
NDT Expertise	– Trained and certified over 600 professionals in NDT techniques, including radiography and ultrasonic testing.
	– Served as Chairman of ISNT, enhancing India’s technical expertise in NDT.
Academic Background	– BTech in Mechanical Engineering from Osmania University.
	– PhD in Mechanical Engineering from NIT Warangal.
About BrahMos Aerospace	– Joint venture between India and Russia.
	– Developer of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, renowned for precision and speed.
Features of BRAHMOS Missile	– Supersonic speed, striking targets beyond radar horizons.
	– Versatile for land- and sea-based operations.
	– Prime weapon for Indian Navy; deployed on Destroyers and Frigates.
Dr. Joshi’s Vision	– Advance next-generation missile systems.
	– Strengthen India-Russia collaboration in defense technology.
Significance	Dr. Joshi’s appointment is expected to drive innovation, bolster India’s defense capabilities, and enhance BrahMos’ global stature.

India’s First Space AI Lab: TM2Space’s MOI-TD Revolution

Hyderabad-based space tech company TakeMe2Space (TM2Space) is set to launch MOI-TD (My Orbital Infrastructure – Technology Demonstrator), India’s first AI laboratory in space, aboard ISRO’s PSLV C60 rocket in mid-December 2024. This mission will enable real-time in-orbit data processing, drastically reducing data transmission costs and opening space research to a broader audience. TM2Space, known for its advancements in nano-satellites, aims to democratize space technology and accelerate India’s role in cutting-edge space innovation.

Key Collaboration

Development and testing of MOI-TD were facilitated by IN-SPACe Technical Centre, Ahmedabad, the government’s single-window agency for private space activities. The platform’s evaluation highlights the role of state-of-the-art satellite testing facilities in fostering private space research in India.

Sub-Headers in Detail

Revolutionary Data Processing in Space

MOI-TD addresses a critical inefficiency in satellite operations—delayed and resource-intensive data transmission. Traditional systems transmit petabytes of data, of which up to 40% is unusable. By processing data directly in orbit, MOI-TD delivers actionable insights in real-time, significantly lowering latency and cost.

Innovative Applications and Accessibility

TM2Space’s platform, OrbitLab, allows users—ranging from researchers to school students—to upload AI models for applications such as environmental monitoring, deforestation tracking, and greenhouse gas detection. Early partners include a leading Malaysian university and Indian school students, reflecting the initiative’s potential to democratize space research.

Technological Edge

MOI-TD integrates cutting-edge hardware, including reaction wheels, magnetorquers, an advanced onboard computer, and AI accelerators. Its flexible solar cells and radiation shielding technology pave the way for future space-based data centres, envisioned as more sustainable alternatives to terrestrial systems.

Future Impact on Industries and Exploration

By introducing AI into orbital research, TM2Space could transform sectors like telecommunications, agriculture, and defence. While current costs remain high, the project lays the groundwork for scalable and environmentally friendly orbital infrastructure.

Looking Ahead

MOI-TD marks a pivotal moment in India’s space ambitions, showcasing how private enterprises like TM2Space are reshaping the landscape. This mission is just the first step in realizing a future where space exploration and applications are more inclusive, innovative, and impactful.

Summery of the news

Key Points for Exam Preparation	Details
Why in News?	TakeMe2Space (TM2Space) announced the launch of MOI-TD, India’s first AI laboratory in space, aboard ISRO’s PSLV C60 in December 2024. The lab enables real-time in-orbit data processing, reducing costs and making space research accessible.
Company Name	TakeMe2Space (TM2Space), based in Hyderabad
Mission Name	MOI-TD (My Orbital Infrastructure – Technology Demonstrator)
Launch Vehicle	ISRO’s PSLV C60
Launch Date	Scheduled for mid-December 2024
Purpose of MOI-TD	Real-time in-orbit data processing to reduce latency and transmission costs
Development Partner	IN-SPACe Technical Centre, Ahmedabad
Platform for Users	OrbitLab: A web-based console for uploading AI models for applications like environmental monitoring and Earth observation
Technological Features	Advanced onboard computer, AI accelerators, reaction wheels, magnetorquers, flexible solar cells, and radiation shielding
Applications	Environmental monitoring, deforestation tracking, maritime activity observation, and greenhouse gas emission detection
State Static GK (Hyderabad)	– State: Telangana – CM: Sri Anumula Revanth Reddy – Capital: Hyderabad
Testing Facility	IN-SPACe Technical Centre, single-window agency for private space activities in India, located in Ahmedabad
Significant Past Achievement	Demonstration of radiation shielding technology aboard PSLV C-58 earlier in 2024
Target Users	Researchers, businesses, schools (including a Malaysian university and Indian school students)
Future Vision	Paving the way for space-based data centres

President Droupadi Murmu Unveils Sanskrit and Maithili Translations of the Indian Constitution

On 26th November 2024, marking Samvidhan Diwas and the 75th anniversary of the adoption of the Indian Constitution, President Droupadi Murmu unveiled the Sanskrit and Maithili translations of the Indian Constitution in New Delhi. The event celebrated the rich diversity of India’s linguistic heritage and reaffirmed the significance of the Constitution as the guiding framework for the country.

Prominent dignitaries, including Vice President and Rajya Sabha Chairman Jagdeep Dhankar, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla, and Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha Rahul Gandhi, attended the occasion held in the newly renamed Samvidhan Sadan.

Translation of the Constitution into Scheduled Languages

The Government of India has undertaken an ambitious project to translate the Constitution into all 22 scheduled languages listed in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution. This initiative underscores the nation’s commitment to inclusivity, making the Constitution accessible to people in their native languages.

About Maithili Language

Maithili, spoken predominantly in Bihar, Jharkhand, and parts of Nepal, now joins the list of languages in which the Constitution is available.
This step aims to empower Maithili-speaking citizens by enabling a deeper understanding of constitutional principles in their native tongue.

75 Years of the Indian Constitution

The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution on 26th November 1949, and it came into effect on 26th January 1950. The year 2024 marks the 75th anniversary of this historic milestone.

Since 2015, 26th November has been observed as Samvidhan Diwas, commemorating the adoption of the Constitution and promoting constitutional awareness among citizens.

Key Highlights of the Samvidhan Diwas Celebration

Venue and Events

The main event was held in the Samvidhan Sadan, formerly known as the old Parliament building. President Murmu addressed a joint sitting of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

Preamble Reading

President Murmu led the members of Parliament in reading the Preamble of the Constitution, reaffirming the fundamental values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Launch of Commemorative Items

Commemorative Coin and Stamp: Released to honor the 75th anniversary of the Constitution’s adoption.

Books and Booklets:

“Making of the Constitution of India: A Glimpse”
“Making of the Constitution of India & its Glorious Journey”
A booklet on the art of the Constitution of India, highlighting its aesthetic and artistic elements.

Constitution Translations Released

Sanskrit Translation: Celebrates India’s classical linguistic heritage.
Maithili Translation: Recognizes the cultural importance of Maithili in India.

Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Swabhimaan Campaign

On 25th November 2024, President Murmu launched the year-long campaign titled “Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Swabhimaan” to:

Celebrate the contributions of the Constitution’s framers.
Promote the core values of the Constitution across the country.

Hindi Translation of the Constitution

Background

The Indian Constitution, the world’s longest-written constitution, was originally drafted in English. However, recognizing the need for accessibility, a demand for its Hindi translation arose.

Formation of the Translation Committee

The Constituent Assembly formed a Translation Committee led by Ghansyam Das Gupta, comprising 41 members, to oversee the translation.
On 24th January 1950, the translated Hindi version of the Constitution was submitted to the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly, Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Significance

Members of the Constituent Assembly signed both the English and Hindi versions on the same day, symbolizing the importance of making the Constitution accessible to Hindi-speaking citizens.

Constitutional Recognition of Hindi Translation

Article 394A, introduced by the 58th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987, grants the Hindi translation of the Constitution the status of the authoritative text. It holds the same legal validity as the original English version.
The President of India is authorized to publish the Hindi translation and subsequent amendments made to the English version.