Ancient Solar Calendar Discovered in Turkey: A Glimpse into Prehistoric Timekeeping

In a groundbreaking discovery, archaeologists may have uncovered the world’s oldest solar calendar at the renowned archaeological site of Göbekli Tepe in southern Turkey. This finding, published in the journal Time and Mind on July 24, offers a fascinating glimpse into the sophisticated astronomical knowledge of our ancient ancestors.

The Enigmatic Stone Pillar

At the heart of this discovery is a large stone pillar adorned with intricate carvings. These carvings, estimated to be nearly 13,000 years old, have captured the attention of researchers due to their potential significance in understanding prehistoric timekeeping and astronomical observations.

Decoding the Ancient Calendar

The 365-Day System

The pillar features 365 V-shaped symbols, a number that immediately draws parallels to our modern calendar system. Researchers believe that each “V” symbol represents a single day, effectively creating a comprehensive annual calendar.

Lunar-Solar Hybrid

What makes this calendar particularly intriguing is its apparent combination of lunar and solar elements. The study suggests that the calendar encompasses:

12 lunar months
An additional 11 days

This structure indicates a sophisticated understanding of both lunar cycles and the solar year, showcasing the advanced astronomical knowledge of the people of Göbekli Tepe.

Astronomical Imagery and Symbolism

The Bird-Like Beast

Among the various carvings on the pillar, one stands out: a depiction of a “bird-like beast” with a V-shaped marking around its neck. Researchers propose that this image might represent the summer solstice constellation as it appeared at the time of carving, around 10850 B.C.

A Record of Celestial Catastrophe

The Comet Strike Theory

The creation of this calendar may have been prompted by a significant celestial event. Researchers hypothesize that the carvings were made to record a comet strike that occurred during this period. This event was likely of such magnitude that it triggered an ice age, causing profound changes in the region.

Cultural Impact

The comet strike and its aftermath may have led to a significant cultural shift at Göbekli Tepe. Researchers speculate that this cosmic event could have been the catalyst for the formation of a new cult or religion, highlighting the profound impact celestial events had on ancient societies.

Implications for Understanding Ancient Civilizations

Advanced Astronomical Knowledge

This discovery provides compelling evidence that the inhabitants of Göbekli Tepe possessed the ability to:

Observe and track celestial bodies
Record their observations of the sun, moon, and constellations
Create a sophisticated solar calendar

Cultural and Religious Significance

The presence of such an advanced calendar system at a site known for its temples and religious significance underscores the intertwining of astronomy, timekeeping, and spiritual practices in ancient societies.