In a groundbreaking discovery, archaeologists may have uncovered the world’s oldest solar calendar at the renowned archaeological site of Göbekli Tepe in southern Turkey. This finding, published in the journal Time and Mind on July 24, offers a fascinating glimpse into the sophisticated astronomical knowledge of our ancient ancestors.
The Enigmatic Stone Pillar
At the heart of this discovery is a large stone pillar adorned with intricate carvings. These carvings, estimated to be nearly 13,000 years old, have captured the attention of researchers due to their potential significance in understanding prehistoric timekeeping and astronomical observations.
Decoding the Ancient Calendar
The 365-Day System
The pillar features 365 V-shaped symbols, a number that immediately draws parallels to our modern calendar system. Researchers believe that each “V” symbol represents a single day, effectively creating a comprehensive annual calendar.
Lunar-Solar Hybrid
What makes this calendar particularly intriguing is its apparent combination of lunar and solar elements. The study suggests that the calendar encompasses:
- 12 lunar months
- An additional 11 days
This structure indicates a sophisticated understanding of both lunar cycles and the solar year, showcasing the advanced astronomical knowledge of the people of Göbekli Tepe.
Astronomical Imagery and Symbolism
The Bird-Like Beast
Among the various carvings on the pillar, one stands out: a depiction of a “bird-like beast” with a V-shaped marking around its neck. Researchers propose that this image might represent the summer solstice constellation as it appeared at the time of carving, around 10850 B.C.
A Record of Celestial Catastrophe
The Comet Strike Theory
The creation of this calendar may have been prompted by a significant celestial event. Researchers hypothesize that the carvings were made to record a comet strike that occurred during this period. This event was likely of such magnitude that it triggered an ice age, causing profound changes in the region.
Cultural Impact
The comet strike and its aftermath may have led to a significant cultural shift at Göbekli Tepe. Researchers speculate that this cosmic event could have been the catalyst for the formation of a new cult or religion, highlighting the profound impact celestial events had on ancient societies.
Implications for Understanding Ancient Civilizations
Advanced Astronomical Knowledge
This discovery provides compelling evidence that the inhabitants of Göbekli Tepe possessed the ability to:
- Observe and track celestial bodies
- Record their observations of the sun, moon, and constellations
- Create a sophisticated solar calendar
Cultural and Religious Significance
The presence of such an advanced calendar system at a site known for its temples and religious significance underscores the intertwining of astronomy, timekeeping, and spiritual practices in ancient societies.
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