Difference Between Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers

India’s rivers are primarily divided into two major categories: Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers. These two river systems differ significantly in terms of their origin, flow patterns, geological features, and impact on the regions they traverse. Understanding these differences is crucial for appreciating the diverse hydrography of the Indian subcontinent.

What are Himalayan Rivers?

Himalayan rivers are rivers originating from the Himalayan mountain range, fed by glaciers, snowmelt, and rainfall. Major examples include the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. These rivers are perennial, maintaining flow throughout the year, and are characterized by their long courses, deep valleys, and significant sediment transport, contributing to the fertile plains and supporting extensive agriculture in northern India.

What are Peninsular Rivers?

Peninsular rivers originate from the peninsular plateau of India, primarily the Western Ghats and central highlands. Major rivers include the Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, and Mahanadi. These rivers are primarily rain-fed, leading to a seasonal flow pattern with reduced flow during dry seasons. They typically have shorter courses, flow through wide valleys, and are crucial for irrigation and water management in southern India.