Northeast India is a region full of beautiful landscapes, green forests and rich culture. A major river flows through this region, supporting the lives of millions of people. It provides water for drinking, farming and transportation. This river also helps in producing electricity and is home to many wildlife species. Because of its importance, it is often called the lifeline of Northeast India.
Lifeline of Northeast India
The Brahmaputra River is called the lifeline of Northeast India. It flows through China, India and Bangladesh, providing water, food, and electricity to millions of people. This river is important for agriculture, transport and culture in the region. However, it also causes floods during the monsoon season.
An Overview of the Brahmaputra River
The Brahmaputra River starts from the Kailash Range is Tibet and is called the Yarlung Tsangpo there. It enters India through Arunachal Pradesh, where it is known as the Dhilang River. After joining other rivers like the Lohit and Dibang, it is called the Brahmaputra in Assam. The river then flows into Bangladesh, where it merges with the Ganga and finally reaches the Bay of Bengal.
Key Features of the Brahmaputra River
- Length: 2,900 km, one of the longest rivers in Asia.
- Basin Area: Covers 1.18 million square kilometers across different countries.
- Hydroelectric Power: The river has many dams and hydroelectric projects that provide electricity.
- Cultural Importance: The river is considered sacred in Hinduism.
- Trade and Navigation: Used as a waterway for transport between India and Bangladesh.
Brahmaputra River Passes Through Which Indian States?
The river passes through several states in India, including:
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Assam
- Meghalaya
- Nagaland
- West Nagaland
- Sikkim
Major Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River
The river has many smaller rivers (tributaries) that join it.
North Bank Tributaries:
- Jiadhal
- Subansiri
- Siang
- Kameng
- Manas
- Sankosh
South Bank Tributaries:
- Noa Dehing
- Buridehing
- Dhansiri
- Kopili
- Diagaru
Role of the Brahmaputra River in Northeast India
- Agriculture: The fertile soil around the river is great for growing rice, tea and jute. Even though floods can be dangerous, they also help in making the soil rich in nutrients.
- Hydroelectric Power: The river has strong currents, which make it ideal for hydroelectric projects. These projects provide electricity to many areas in Northeast India.
- Fishing and Biodiversity: The Brahmaputra is home to many fish species, including the Gangetic dolphin. It also supports the famous Kaziranga National Park, which is home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
- Flood Control Challenges: While the river is helpful, it also causes floods every year, which damage homes, crops and roads. There is a need for better flood control measures.
Cultural and Religious Significance of the Brahmaputra River
The Brahmaputra River is deeply connected to the culture and traditions of Northeast India.
- Bihu Festival: The river is central to Assam’s biggest festival, Bihu, which marks the start of the agricultural season.
- Majuli Island: This largest river island in the world is a religious and cultural center of Assam.
- Mythology: The river is called the “Son of Brahma” in Hindu mythology, giving it a masculine identity.
Why is the Brahmaputra River called a Masculine River?
Most rivers in India, like the Ganga and Yamuna, are considered feminine and are worshipped as goddesses. But the Brahmaputra is considered masculine because of its strong currents, frequent floods and powerful nature.
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