New Bat Coronavirus HKU5-CoV-2 Discovered in China

Chinese researchers have identified a new bat coronavirus, named HKU5-CoV-2, which has the ability to infect human cells. The virus uses the ACE2 receptor, the same pathway that SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, uses to enter human cells. The discovery has raised concerns about potential zoonotic transmission, emphasizing the need for continuous surveillance of bat-borne viruses.

What Is HKU5-CoV-2 and How Was It Found?

Researchers at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, led by virologist Shi Zhengli, discovered HKU5-CoV-2 in bat populations. The virus belongs to the merbecovirus subgenus, which also includes the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus. According to Reuters, the virus was tested in laboratory conditions, and results confirmed that it could bind to the ACE2 receptor, which is critical for viral entry into human cells.

Despite this similarity to SARS-CoV-2, scientists have noted that HKU5-CoV-2 has a lower binding efficiency to human cells, which may reduce its potential for widespread transmission. However, the presence of a furin cleavage site, a key element that enhances viral infectivity, indicates that the virus could still pose a risk.

Could HKU5-CoV-2 Lead to Another Pandemic?

The discovery of HKU5-CoV-2 is being compared to past findings, such as RaTG13, a bat coronavirus identified in 2013 that shared 96.1% genetic similarity with SARS-CoV-2. These findings highlight the recurring threat of zoonotic spillover, where viruses jump from animals to humans.

Dr. Michael Osterholm, an infectious disease expert at the University of Minnesota, told Reuters that while HKU5-CoV-2 has the potential to infect human cells, the existing immunity to SARS-like viruses in the population could limit its impact. The study suggests that although the virus can enter human cells, its low binding affinity to ACE2 makes it less likely to cause a severe outbreak.

What Does This Mean for Public Health?

Experts stress the importance of continuous monitoring of bat coronaviruses to prevent potential outbreaks. The presence of HKU5-CoV-2 in bat populations suggests that more undiscovered viruses could exist, some of which might have higher transmission potential.

The research underscores the need for global surveillance programs, focusing on early detection, genetic sequencing, and international cooperation to mitigate future pandemic risks. Scientists recommend increased biosecurity measures in areas where humans and bat populations interact frequently.

Summary of the news