India celebrates Constitution Day or Samvidhan Diwas annually on November 26, marking the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949. This historic day is a tribute to the values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, which form the bedrock of India’s democracy. In 2024, the nation observes the 75th Constitution Day, honouring the transformative journey and ideals that guide the republic.
As India celebrates Samvidhan Diwas 2024, it is a moment to honour the monumental efforts of the Constituent Assembly and recommit to the ideals that have shaped the nation. This day serves as a reminder of the enduring spirit of the Constitution and its role as a beacon of hope and justice for every Indian citizen.
Date and Historical Context
Constitution Day commemorates the adoption of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, which later came into effect on January 26, 1950—celebrated as Republic Day. The day was formally designated as Samvidhan Diwas in 2015 by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, coinciding with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s 125th birth anniversary.
The Indian Constitution, under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, was designed to ensure justice, liberty, and equality for all. This document, the longest written constitution in the world, initially had 395 Articles and 8 Schedules, embodying the essence of India’s sovereignty and diversity.
Significance of Constitution Day
Honouring Constitutional Values
Constitution Day emphasizes the importance of understanding and upholding the values of the Constitution, including justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It reminds citizens of their rights and duties, fostering unity and civic responsibility.
A Tribute to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Known as the “Father of the Indian Constitution,” Dr. Ambedkar’s vision ensured that the Constitution was not just a legal framework but a reflection of India’s socio-political aspirations. His iconic quote—”The Constitution is not a mere lawyer’s document; it is a vehicle of life, and its spirit is always the spirit of the age”—highlights its enduring relevance.
National Reflection
The day encourages citizens to reflect on India’s journey as a democratic nation and renew their commitment to building an inclusive, progressive, and equitable society. It also underscores the importance of active civic participation.
The Journey of Drafting the Indian Constitution
The Need for a Framework
India’s independence struggle revealed the necessity for a robust framework to guarantee justice, equality, and liberty for all citizens. The Government of India Act, 1935, served as a foundation but lacked provisions for a sovereign, democratic republic.
Formation of the Constituent Assembly
The Constituent Assembly was established in December 1946 under the Cabinet Mission Plan, comprising 389 members, later reduced to 299 after Partition. Key members included Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
Drafting the Constitution
- The Drafting Committee, chaired by Dr. Ambedkar, prepared the initial draft.
- The Assembly deliberated over the draft in 11 sessions, spanning 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days.
- On November 26, 1949, the Assembly adopted the Constitution, establishing India as a sovereign democratic republic.
Features of the Indian Constitution
Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility
The Indian Constitution is unique for combining elements of rigidity and flexibility, drawing inspiration from global constitutions, including the British, American, and Irish Constitutions.
Comprehensive and Inclusive
At inception, the Constitution contained:
- 395 Articles organized into 22 Parts.
- 8 Schedules outlining administrative details.
Progressive Vision
The Constitution reflects a vision of an inclusive India, safeguarding citizens’ rights while emphasizing their responsibilities.
Celebrations and Observance of Constitution Day 2024
Nationwide Events
Constitution Day is celebrated with:
- Ceremonies in schools, colleges, and government institutions to promote awareness of constitutional values.
- Special sessions in Parliament to honor the contributions of the Constituent Assembly.
- Public readings of the Preamble and discussions on constitutional ideals.
75th Constitution Day
This milestone observance highlights:
- India’s progress as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.
- Renewed emphasis on fostering national solidarity and promoting civic participation.
Legacy of the Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution is a living document that has evolved through 105 amendments, addressing the changing needs of the nation. It remains a testament to India’s commitment to democracy, diversity, and equality, inspiring generations to uphold its principles.
Summary of Samvidhan Diwas 2024: 75th Constitution Day of India
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Why in News | India celebrates the 75th Constitution Day on November 26, 2024, commemorating the adoption of the Constitution on this day in 1949. |
| Date of Observance | November 26, annually observed as Constitution Day (Samvidhan Diwas). |
| Historical Context | The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950 (Republic Day). |
| Declaration as Constitution Day | Officially declared in 2015 to honor Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s contributions and coincide with his 125th birth anniversary. |
| Significance | – Promotes awareness of constitutional values, rights, and duties. – Reflects on India’s journey as a democratic nation. – Honors the vision of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the “Father of the Indian Constitution.” |
| Key Features of the Constitution | – Longest written constitution with 395 Articles and 8 Schedules at inception. – Combines rigidity and flexibility. – Draws inspiration from global frameworks. |
| Drafting Journey | – Drafted by the Constituent Assembly, formed in December 1946. – Chaired by Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Drafting Committee led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. – Took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to finalize. |
| Celebrations in 2024 | – Public readings of the Preamble. – Educational events in schools and colleges. – Special sessions in Parliament. – Nationwide emphasis on promoting justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. |
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