Why Does India Celebrate Its Coast Guard on Feb 1?

Indian Coast Guard Day 2026 is observed on a 1 February, marking a historic milestone of 50 years since the raising of the Indian Coast Guard in 1977. This day is not just ceremonial. It reminds the nation of the silent force that guards India’s seas day and night. From rescuing lives during cyclones to stopping smuggling and protecting marine wealth, the Indian Coast Guard plays a critical role in securing India’s 7,516 km coastline and vast Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under extremely challenging conditions.

Indian Coast Guard Day 2026: What Is Being Celebrated?

• Indian Coast Guard Day is celebrated every year on 1 February to commemorate the formation of the Indian Coast Guard in 1977.
• In 2026, the celebration is special as it marks 50 years of continuous service to the nation.
• The Golden Jubilee highlights how the Coast Guard has evolved from a small force with limited assets into a technologically advanced maritime organization.
• Today, it operates modern ships, aircraft, drones, and surveillance systems.
• The day honours the courage and commitment of personnel who protect India’s maritime interests, fishermen, offshore assets, and marine environment round the clock.

History and Formation of the Indian Coast Guard

• The Indian Coast Guard was established on 1 February 1977 to address growing maritime challenges like smuggling, illegal fishing, and coastal security threats.
• In the 1960s and early 1970s, sea-borne smuggling severely impacted India’s economy.
• Committees such as the Nagchaudhuri Committee (1971) and Rustamji Committee (1974) recommended a separate maritime law enforcement force. Following these recommendations, the Union Cabinet approved the Coast Guard’s creation.
• Its legal powers were strengthened through the Coast Guard Act, 1978, giving it authority over India’s territorial waters and EEZ.

Growth and Expansion Over the Years

• The Indian Coast Guard began operations with just 7 vessels transferred from the Navy. Formally inaugurated in August 1978, it was placed under the Ministry of Defense.
• Over five decades, the force has expanded rapidly to meet new challenges like maritime terrorism, offshore energy security, and environmental disasters.
• Today, the Coast Guard operates 150+ ships and patrol vessels and 70+ aircraft, including helicopters and surveillance planes.
• Its modernisation reflects India’s growing maritime responsibilities in the Indian Ocean Region and its commitment to blue economy and coastal safety.

Theme of Indian Coast Guard Day 2026

• The official theme for Indian Coast Guard Day 2026 is “Suraksha, Seva, Samarpan” meaning Security, Service, and Dedication.
• The theme perfectly captures the ethos of the force.
• It highlights the Coast Guard’s mission to secure maritime borders, serve people in distress at sea, and remain fully dedicated to national duty.
• From combating piracy to responding to oil spills and natural disasters, the theme reflects the Coast Guard’s evolving responsibilities in both traditional and non-traditional security roles.

Roles and Responsibilities of the Indian Coast Guard

• The Indian Coast Guard performs a wide range of non-military maritime duties essential for national security.
• It enforces maritime laws, prevents smuggling and piracy, and ensures safety within India’s territorial waters and EEZ.
• One of its most visible roles is Search and Rescue (SAR) during cyclones, shipwrecks, and maritime accidents.
• The Coast Guard also plays a key role in marine pollution control, offshore asset protection like oil rigs, and providing assistance to fishermen.
• During emergencies, it works closely with the Indian Navy and civil authorities.

Significance of Indian Coast Guard Day

• Indian Coast Guard Day is significant because it raises public awareness about maritime security, an often overlooked aspect of national safety.
• Ceremonial parades, demonstrations, and award functions are organised across Coast Guard regions to honour bravery and distinguished service.
• The day also inspires young Indians to consider careers in maritime defence forces.
• For a country with growing maritime trade and strategic interests, the Coast Guard’s role is central to safeguarding economic security, marine ecology, and human lives at sea.

Question

Q. The theme of Indian Coast Guard Day 2026 is,

A. Samudra Raksha
B. Blue Economy First
C. Suraksha, Seva, Samarpan
D. Sagar Suraksha Abhiyan