What is World Diabetes Day?

World Diabetes Day (WDD) is observed on 14 November every year to raise awareness about the increasing prevalence of diabetes, its impact on global health, and the importance of preventive measures. The day also aims to educate people about the symptoms, management, and available treatment options for diabetes, which has become one of the most widespread chronic diseases affecting millions of people worldwide.

What is World Diabetes Day?

World Diabetes Day is one of the largest global awareness campaigns dedicated to diabetes, organized by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). This event takes place in over 160 countries, reaching over 100 crore people globally with its campaigns and advocacy efforts. WDD serves as a platform to encourage governments, healthcare providers, and communities to improve access to diabetes care, treatment, and education.

Understanding Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition in which the body fails to process and utilize glucose properly, which is produced from the food we consume. The condition can be broadly categorized into three types:

• Type 1 Diabetes: The body does not produce insulin, which is essential for glucose metabolism.
• Type 2 Diabetes: The body either becomes resistant to insulin or fails to produce sufficient insulin.
• Gestational Diabetes: This type occurs during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth.

If left unmanaged, diabetes can lead to severe complications such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney issues, skin infections, and even mental health problems like depression.

Importance of World Diabetes Day (WDD)

Diabetes is a growing global health issue, and the statistics are alarming. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), diabetes was responsible for 67 lakh deaths in 2021, and approximately 53.7 crore people worldwide were living with diabetes that year. The number is expected to rise to 64.3 crore by 2030 and 78.3 crore by 2045.

One of the most concerning aspects is the undiagnosed rate of diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes. It is estimated that 44% of adults (around 24 crore people) with diabetes are undiagnosed, and many suffer from Type 2 diabetes, which can be prevented with lifestyle changes and healthy habits. Another alarming figure is that 54.1 crore adults are at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, primarily due to the lack of awareness and early diagnosis.

The increase in sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary habits has resulted in a rise in Type 2 diabetes among adolescents and teenagers. Around 10.2 lakh teenagers (aged 0-19 years) are now affected by Type 2 diabetes, which was once primarily seen in adults. Additionally, 2.1 crore live births (around 1 in 6) are affected by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) during pregnancy, which poses risks to both the mother and the child.

In 2021, 9% of the total global health expenditure was spent on managing diabetes, which highlights the economic burden of this disease. Therefore, World Diabetes Day serves as a critical global platform to advocate for better access to diabetes care, highlight the need for preventive measures, and promote diabetes education.

World Diabetes Day 2024 Theme: Diabetes and well-being

Diabetes and well-being is the theme for World Diabetes Day 2024-26. With appropriate access to diabetes care and support for their well-being, everyone with diabetes has the chance to live well. Millions of people with diabetes face daily challenges managing their condition at home, work, and school. They must be resilient, organised, and responsible, impacting both their physical and mental well-being. Diabetes care often focuses only on blood sugar, leaving many overwhelmed. This World Diabetes Day, 14 November, let’s put well-being at the heart of diabetes care and start the change for a better diabetes life.

History of World Diabetes Day

World Diabetes Day was founded in 1991 by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It was officially recognized as a United Nations Day in 2006, under UN Resolution 61/225. The date 14 November was chosen to commemorate the birthday of Sir Frederick Banting, who, along with Charles Best, co-discovered insulin in 1922—a breakthrough in diabetes treatment.

The Blue Circle Logo, introduced in 2007, became the global symbol for diabetes awareness. It signifies the collaboration of global communities working together to combat diabetes and spread awareness about its prevention and management.

Preventive Measures to Manage Diabetes

Diabetes, especially Type 2 diabetes, can often be prevented and managed with lifestyle changes and a healthy diet. According to the International Diabetes Federation, over 54.1 crore adults are at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. This risk can be mitigated by educating people about the importance of:

• Avoiding sugar and refined carbohydrates in the diet.
• Eating smaller portions of meals at regular intervals.
• Incorporating fibers and foods with a low glycemic index into meals.
• Quitting smoking, which promotes insulin resistance.
• Engaging in regular exercise for at least 30 minutes a day.
• Monitoring blood cholesterol levels (LDL below 100, HDL above 20, and triglycerides below 150).
• Maintaining healthy blood pressure (ideally 130/80 or lower).
• Drinking normal water instead of sugary beverages.
• Staying informed and updated on diabetes control and preventive tips.

Through awareness campaigns, educational platforms, and community outreach, the global community can work together to reduce the number of people affected by diabetes and improve the quality of life for those living with it.

Here’s a summary of World Diabetes Day in a table format: