RBI Raises Collateral-Free Agricultural Loan Limit to ₹2 Lakh

In a significant move to enhance financial access for farmers, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has raised the limit for collateral-free agricultural loans from ₹1.6 lakh to ₹2 lakh. Effective January 1, 2025, the directive aims to address inflationary pressures and rising input costs while providing small and marginal farmers with sufficient credit support to meet their operational and developmental needs.

Key Highlights of the Decision

Revised Loan Limit: The collateral-free loan cap for agricultural and allied activities has been increased to ₹2 lakh per borrower, up from ₹1.6 lakh.

Implementation Timeline: Banks are directed to implement the revised guidelines by January 1, 2025.

Widespread Awareness: Banks must run awareness campaigns to ensure farmers are well-informed about the enhanced loan provisions.

Significance of the Move

Enhanced Credit Access: Small and marginal farmers (over 86% of the sector) will benefit from reduced borrowing barriers.

Streamlined KCC Uptake: The move simplifies access to Kisan Credit Card (KCC) loans, improving financial inclusion and ensuring timely credit for farming activities.

Financial Flexibility: Farmers gain access to credit without collateral, helping them invest in agricultural operations and manage rising input costs.

Addressing Key Agricultural Credit Issues

The initiative aims to tackle challenges such as over-reliance on short-term loans and non-institutional credit sources. It also counters fiscal stress caused by loan waivers.

Supporting Initiatives for Credit Flow

Modified Interest Subvention Scheme: Offers short-term agricultural loans up to ₹3 lakh at a 4% effective interest rate.

KCC Scheme: Provides adequate and timely credit to farmers for operational and allied activities.

Cooperative Credit Societies: Promotion of PACS (Primary Agricultural Credit Societies) to strengthen rural credit systems.

Context and Future Outlook

The RBI’s decision reflects a proactive approach to align financial policies with the rising costs of agricultural inputs. It complements the government’s focus on credit-driven economic growth and sustainable agriculture, offering critical support to small farmers. By addressing inflation and easing credit access, this move reinforces financial inclusion in the agricultural sector and contributes to improving rural livelihoods.

Summary of the news

Key Points	Details
Why in News	RBI increased the collateral-free loan limit for farmers from ₹1.6 lakh to ₹2 lakh, effective January 1, 2025.
Revised Loan Limit	₹2 lakh for agricultural and allied activities per borrower.
Previous Loan Limit	₹1.6 lakh
Effective Date	January 1, 2025
Target Beneficiaries	Small and marginal farmers (over 86% of farmers).
Purpose	To address rising input costs and improve credit access.
Key Scheme Mentioned	Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme
Interest Subvention Scheme	Modified Interest Subvention Scheme offers loans up to ₹3 lakh at 4% effective interest rate.
Bank Directive	Waive collateral and margin requirements for loans up to ₹2 lakh.
Associated Institution	Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Additional Initiative	Promotion of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS).
Static Points – RBI	Governor: Sanjay Malhotra
	Headquarters: Mumbai
	Established: April 1, 1935 under RBI Act, 1934.

Pensioners Day in India: Honouring D.S. Nakara’s Fight for Pension Rights

Pensioners Day in India: Honoring D.S. Nakara's Fight for Pension Rights

Pensioners Day, observed annually on 17th December in India, is a tribute to D.S. Nakara, the pioneer who fought relentlessly for the rights and dignity of pensioners. This day commemorates the landmark Supreme Court judgment of 1982, which guaranteed equality and justice for retired officials and pensioners.

History of Pensioners Day

The observance of 17th December is rooted in the historic verdict delivered by the Supreme Court of India in 1982. The case was spearheaded by D.S. Nakara, a retired official from the Department of Defense, who was denied pension benefits under discriminatory rules.

The liberal pension system introduced in 1979 benefited only those who retired after March 31, 1979.
D.S. Nakara challenged this discriminatory policy in court, arguing that it was a violation of equality.

The Supreme Court, in its judgment, declared such discrimination unconstitutional and ensured that pension benefits were provided equally to all eligible individuals, regardless of their retirement date. This landmark decision came to be known as the “Magna Carta of Pensioners”, as it upheld the dignity and economic security of pensioners.

History of the Pension System in India

Colonial Origins

The roots of the Indian pension system trace back to the British colonial era. The Royal Commission on Civil Establishments in 1881 first introduced pension benefits for government employees.

Developments During Pre-Independence

The Government of India Acts of 1919 and 1935 further expanded pension benefits. These provisions were largely limited to public sector employees during this period.

Post-Independence Pension Reforms

After independence, the Indian government introduced the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972, under Articles 148(5) and 309 of the Constitution. This comprehensive pension system provided retirement benefits to central government employees. Key provisions included:

Employees with 33 years of service were eligible to receive 50% of the average salary of their last 36 months as pension.
The Pension Act, 1972 was further amended to address employee demands and implement recommendations of the Pay Commissions.

Supreme Court’s 1982 Judgment

The Supreme Court’s landmark verdict in 1982 emphasized the principle of equality and eliminated discriminatory practices based on the retirement date. The ruling guaranteed:

Equal benefits for all pensioners under the Pension Act, 1972.
Inclusion of armed forces personnel under the ambit of pension benefits.

The judgment became a turning point in pension reforms, laying the foundation for a fair and inclusive pension system.

Challenges Faced by Pensioners

Impact of Government Policies

Post the 1982 judgment, subsequent governments introduced new policies that altered the traditional pension framework:

Participatory Pension Scheme: The first NDA government under A.B. Vajpayee implemented a participatory pension scheme for new appointees, effective January 1, 2004. However, employees appointed before this date and armed forces personnel were temporarily excluded.
PFRDA Act, 2013: The Pension Fund Regulatory Development Authority (PFRDA) was passed during the second UPA government with BJP’s support. This act aimed to regulate pension funds and introduced the National Pension System (NPS).

7th Pay Commission and Pensioners

Under the Narendra Modi government, pensioners faced further challenges:

The 7th Pay Commission recommended limited reforms, offering minor benefits to pensioners.
The government rejected demands for full equality in pension benefits.
The Dearness Allowance (DA) of pensioners was frozen from January 2020 to June 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, causing significant financial strain.

Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) 2024

In August 2024, the Union Cabinet approved the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS). The scheme aims to streamline pension policies and address the financial needs of pensioners, ensuring greater security and stability.

Understanding Pension Plans in India

Features and Benefits of Pension Plans

1. Fixed and Steady Income

Pension plans ensure a regular income post-retirement, helping individuals maintain financial independence. Two main types of pension plans are:

Deferred Plans: Income begins after a specified accumulation period.
Immediate Plans: Income starts immediately after investment.

2. Tax Efficiency

Pension plans offer significant tax benefits under the Income Tax Act, 1961:

Section 80C, 80CCC, and 80CCD provide tax exemptions for pension investments.
For example, the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) and National Pension System (NPS) allow deductions under Section 80CCD.

3. Liquidity Options

While pension plans are generally low liquidity products, some schemes allow withdrawals during the accumulation stage. This feature provides emergency funds without relying on loans or external sources.

4. Vesting Age

The vesting age is the age when you start receiving your pension. Key points:

Most plans set the minimum vesting age at 45-50 years.
The vesting age is flexible, up to 70 years, and some companies extend it to 90 years.

5. Accumulation Duration

The accumulation period refers to the time during which investments build up a corpus. For example:

Starting investment at 30 years and continuing until 60 years results in a 30-year accumulation period.

6. Payment Period

The payment period is the duration during which the investor receives pension payouts post-retirement. For instance:

If payments begin at 60 years and continue until 75 years, the payment period is 15 years.

7. Surrender Value

Surrendering a pension plan before maturity is generally inadvisable. Premature surrender results in:

Loss of all benefits, including the assured sum and life insurance cover.

Summary of the News

Why in the News?	Pensioners Day, observed annually on 17th December in India, honors D.S. Nakara for his fight for pension equality, commemorating the landmark 1982 Supreme Court judgment.
Summary/Static	Details
History of Pensioners Day	The day marks the Supreme Court’s 1982 judgment in favor of D.S. Nakara, a retired Defense Department official, who challenged discriminatory pension rules introduced in 1979.
Pension System Origins	Colonial Era: Royal Commission (1881) introduced pensions. Pre-Independence: Government of India Acts (1919, 1935) expanded benefits to public sector employees.
Post-Independence Reforms	Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972 ensured retirement benefits for central government employees. Employees with 33 years of service received 50% of their average last 36 months’ salary as pension.
1982 Supreme Court Judgment	Guaranteed equal pension benefits for all, removing discrimination based on retirement date, and extended benefits to armed forces personnel. Known as the “Magna Carta of Pensioners”.
Challenges Faced by Pensioners	1. Participatory Pension Scheme (2004): New scheme for appointees; earlier employees excluded temporarily. 2. PFRDA Act (2013): Regulated pension funds under NPS.
7th Pay Commission	Minor reforms with limited benefits. DA was frozen during COVID-19 (Jan 2020-June 2021), causing financial strain.
Unified Pension Scheme (2024)	Approved in August 2024 to streamline pension policies and ensure financial security for pensioners.
Features of Pension Plans	1. Fixed Income: Steady income post-retirement. 2. Tax Benefits: Exemptions under Sections 80C, 80CCC, and 80CCD. 3. Liquidity: Limited withdrawals possible. 4. Vesting Age: 45-70 years, extendable. 5. Accumulation Period: Investment phase (e.g., 30-60 years). 6. Payment Period: Duration of payouts (e.g., 15 years post-retirement). 7. Surrender Value: Premature withdrawal causes loss of benefits.

Top Current Affairs: 17th December 2024 Quiz

The General Awareness section in exams is considered a high-scoring area, as it typically requires less time compared to reasoning or quantitative aptitude sections. By dedicating time to staying updated on current events and practicing daily quizzes, candidates can enhance their preparation and boost their ability to remember important facts. For competitive exams such as those for the Railway and Defense sectors, a focus on topics like technological advancements, government schemes, and defense policies is particularly crucial.

Q1. Dark Eagle Hypersonic Missile tested by which country?

(a) US Armed Forces

(b) Russian Defense Force

(d) China Army

Q2. Mikheil Kavelashvili becomes the President of which country?

(a) Bosnia and Herzogovina

(b) Armenia

(d) Norway

Q3. On which day annual Vijay Diwas observed after India’s victory over 1971 Indo-Pak war?

(a) 15th December

(b) 16th December

(d) 18th December

Q4. Which scheme is introduced by the Govt. of India to transform waterways into a sustainable, efficient, and economical mode of transportation?

(a) Jalvahak Scheme

(b) Jalnayak Scheme

(d) Jal Sagar Scheme

Q5. Which Ministry organized the third edition of VIRAASAT Sari Festival 2024?

(a) Ministry of Culture

(b) Ministry of Textiles

(d) Ministry of Corporate Affairs

Q6. Where has India’s first diabetes biobank been established?

(a) New Delhi

(b) Chennai

(d) Bengaluru

Q7. Which countries are participating in the “Desert Knight” trilateral air combat exercise?

(a) India, France, and UAE

(b) India, USA, and France

(d) India, UK, and Australia

Q8. What is the historical significance of the Green Steel Taxonomy release?

(a) India is the first country to set a carbon pricing framework

(b) India is the first nation to unveil a formal taxonomy for green steel

(d) India is the first country to reduce steel production

Q9. Recently Mount Semeru erupted white-to-grey ash rising up to 1,000 meters into the sky, where is Mount Semeru located?

(a) Sea of Japan

(b) South China Sea

(d) Shenkaku Island

Q10. Which team won the title of Syed Mushtaq Ali 2024?

(a) Madhya Pradesh

(b) Mumbai

(d) Delhi

S1. Ans. (a)
Sol. The U.S. military has successfully tested its Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW), also known as “Dark Eagle,” bringing it closer to being fielded as a crucial asset in modern warfare.

S2. Ans. (c)
Sol. Mikheil Kavelashvili, the 53-year-old former footballer, was elected president of Georgia on December 16, 2024, marking a significant shift in the nation’s political landscape.

S3. Ans. (b)
Sol. Vijay Diwas, observed annually on December 16, commemorates India’s decisive victory over Pakistan in the 1971 Indo-Pak War. This 13-day war, triggered by the humanitarian crisis in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), ended with the surrender of 93,000 Pakistani soldiers and the liberation of Bangladesh as an independent nation.

S4. Ans. (a)
Sol. India’s inland waterways sector got a boost with the launch of the ‘Jalvahak’ scheme by Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal. The scheme aims to promote long-distance cargo movement on National Waterways 1, 2, and 16, making waterways a sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective transportation option.

S5. Ans. (b)
Sol. The Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, is set to host the third edition of the “Viraasat Sari Festival 2024” from 15th to 28th December 2024. Aims to Celebrate the handloom heritage of India and boost artisans’ earnings.

S6. Ans. (b)

Sol. India’s first diabetes biobank has been established in Chennai.

S7. Ans. (a)

Sol. India, France, and the UAE have initiated the trilateral air combat exercise “Desert Knight” over the Arabian Sea. This operation aims to strengthen defence cooperation, enhance interoperability among their air forces, and prepare for complex combat scenarios.

S8. Ans. (b)

Sol. India became the first country to release a formal framework for green steel production.

S9. Ans. (c)
Sol. Mount Semeru, located in East Java, Indonesia, erupted on 15th December, spewing a thick column of white-to-grey ash rising up to 1,000 meters into the sky.

S10. Ans. (b)
Sol. Mumbai defeated Madhya Pradesh in the finals of the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2024.

Where is Baku Located?

Baku is a bustling city known for its unique blend of modern architecture and rich cultural heritage. It is a major hub for commerce, tourism and history, offering visitors a fascinating mix of old and new. The city’s charm attracts people from all over the world. In this article, we will know about the location and some interesting facts about Baku.

Location of Baku

Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan, a country located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. It is situated on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, along the southern side of the Absheron Peninsula. Baku is the largest city on the Caspian Sea and and also the biggest city in the Caucasus region. It is located 28 meters (92 feet) below sea level, making it the lowest national capital in the world.

Geography and Culture of Baku

Baku is in a unique geographical position, with the Caspian Sea to the east and the vast plains surrounding it. The city experiences a dry climate with hot summers and mild winters, making it an interesting place for both visitors and residents.

Importance of Baku

Baku is a major cultural, historical and economic center in Azerbaijan. Its economy is heavily based on oil and gas production, with the Baku International Sea Trade Port being the largest on the Caspian Sea. The city’s rich cultural heritage, beautiful architecture and historical sites makes it a vibrant and important destinations.

Baku’s Historic Center

Baku is home to many landmarks and historical buildings. Its historic center was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000. Visitors can explore ancient structures, museums and enjoy the city’s modern skyscrapers, which show the city’s blend of old and new.

Who is Known as the Flying Sikh of India?

In India, the title “Flying Sikh” is famously associated with a legendary athlete, Milkha Singh. He earned this nickname due to his incredible speed and achievements in the world of athletics. Milkha Singh is considered one of the greatest sprinters India has ever produced.

Flying Sikh of India

Milkha Singh, often called “The Flying Sikh,” is one of India’s greatest athletes. He was a sprinter who became famous for his exceptional performances in track and field events. His speed and achievements earned him this iconic nickname, which was given to him by Pakistan’s General Ayub Khan after Milkha Singh defeated Pakistani runners in a race.

Early Life of Milkha Singh

Milkha Singh was born on 20th November 1929 in Govindpura, Punjab (now in Pakistan). He came from a large Sikh family. During the Partition of India in 1947, Milkha lost his parents and siblings in the violence. This tragedy left him orphaned and he fled to India. He joined the Indian Army in 1951, where he first discovered his love for running and athletics.

Rise to Fame in Sports

Milkha Singh’s athletic career took off when he started running professionally while serving in the Indian Army. He won his first big international race at the 1958 Asian Games, where he won gold medals in both the 200m and 400m events. Later, in 1960, Milkha completed in the Rome Olympics, where he finished fourth in the 400m race. Although he did not win a medal, his performance was remembered for being one of the best by an Indian athlete at the Olympics.

Achievements and Olympic Career of Milkha Singh

Milkha Singh’s most famous race was during the 1960 Rome Olympics. He led the 400m race but lost his chance at a medal after slowing down near the finish line. Even though he finished fourth, his time of 45.73 seconds was an Indian national record that stood for many years.

He also won several gold medals at the Asian Games and Commonwealth Games, including victories in the 400m and the 4x400m relay. He was India’s first individual gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games in 1958.

Awards and Honors Received By Milkha Singh

Below is the list which showcases the remarkable achievements and honors of an athlete, including multiple gold and prestigious awards:

1958 Asian Games – Gold
1958 Commonwealth Games – Gold
1962 Asian Games – Gold
1962 Asian Games – Gold
1958 Cuttack National Games (200m) – Gold
1958 Cuttack National Games (400m) – Gold
1964 Calcutta National Games – Silver
Padma Shri – 1959
Helms World Trophy for Asia – 1959
Bharat Gaurav Award – 2016

Personal Life and Later Years of Milkha Singh

Milkha Singh married Nirmal Saini, a former volleyball player, in 1962. They had four children, including the famous golfer Jeev Milkha Singh. Milkha Singh continued to inspire generation of athletes and was involved in sports administration after his retirement. He lived in Chandigarh until his death in 2021 due to complications from COVID-19, just days after the passing of his wife.

Legacy and Popular Culture

Milkha Singh’s life story was made into a popular movie, Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (2013), starring actor Farhan Akhtar. The film brought his inspiring journey to a wider audience. His autobiography, The Race of My Life, co-written with his daughter, also shares his remarkable story of overcoming struggles and achieving greatness in the world of athletics.

Milkha Singh will always be remembered as a sporting icon who inspired millions with his hard work, dedication and achievements on the track. His nickname, “The Flying Sikh,” symbolizes his speed, endurance and his role in elevating Indian athletics to the world stage.

Google Appoints Preeti Lobana as India Head

Tech giant Google has announced the appointment of Preeti Lobana as its new Country Manager and Vice President for India. This strategic move comes as Google aims to bolster its presence and commitment to India’s rapidly evolving digital economy. Lobana, a seasoned professional with over three decades of experience, takes over the reins from Sanjay Gupta, who has transitioned to a larger role as the President of the Asia Pacific region.

A Seasoned Leadership Profile

Preeti Lobana brings with her an illustrious career spanning 30 years, during which she has held senior leadership roles in both the technology and financial industries. Her most recent role at Google was as the Vice President for gTech (Process, Partner, Publisher Operations, Ads Content & Quality Operations). In this capacity, she led a global team and delivered innovative ad solutions, ensuring robust support for Google’s customers and partners.

Before joining Google, Lobana served in prominent leadership roles at renowned organizations, including:

NatWest Group
American Express
Standard Chartered Bank
ANZ Grindlays Bank

Her academic credentials include being an alumnus of the prestigious Indian Institute of Management (IIM) – Ahmedabad, where she honed her expertise in strategy, change management, and leadership.

Key Responsibilities in Her New Role

As the new Country Manager and Vice President for India, Preeti Lobana is set to oversee Google’s sales and operations in one of its most critical markets. Her responsibilities include:

Driving Innovation: Shaping Google’s strategy to leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) for customer empowerment and fostering nationwide innovation.
Strengthening Google’s Commitment: Spearheading efforts to support India’s burgeoning digital economy.
Fostering High-Performing Teams: Building and nurturing diverse talent within the organization.
Driving Transformation: Ensuring seamless integration of cutting-edge technologies and solutions for customers and partners.

India: A Strategic Market for Google

Google views India as a key market for its global operations. The country’s rapidly growing digital economy presents numerous opportunities for innovation and expansion. Lobana’s appointment aligns with Google’s long-term vision of enhancing its role as a transformative force in India’s tech landscape.

Transition from Sanjay Gupta

Preeti Lobana succeeds Sanjay Gupta, who has been elevated to the position of President of the Asia Pacific region. During his tenure, Gupta played a pivotal role in strengthening Google’s footprint in India. His transition to a larger role underscores India’s importance in Google’s global strategy.

A Proven Leader in Innovation and Transformation

Throughout her career, Lobana has demonstrated a remarkable ability to drive change and transformation within large, complex organizations. At Google, she has successfully built and led high-performing teams, fostering collaboration across diverse talent pools. Her ability to navigate the intersection of technology and business positions her as the ideal leader to helm Google India during a transformative era.

Google’s Vision for AI and Digital Growth

Google’s commitment to advancing AI-driven solutions remains at the forefront of its strategy. Under Lobana’s leadership, the company aims to:

Expand the reach of AI-powered tools and services to empower customers.
Foster innovation by collaborating with Indian businesses and government initiatives.
Bridge the digital divide by making technology accessible to diverse populations across the country.

Here is a summary of the news

Why in News	Preeti Lobana appointed as Google’s Country Manager and Vice President for India
Summary/Static	Details
Key Details	Preeti Lobana takes over from Sanjay Gupta, who becomes President of the Asia Pacific region.
Experience	Over 30 years of experience in technology and financial industries. Previously VP at Google for gTech.
Previous Roles	– NatWest Group- American Express- Standard Chartered Bank- ANZ Grindlays Bank
Education	Alumni of Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad.
New Responsibilities	– Drive innovation and leverage AI for customer empowerment.- Strengthen Google’s commitment to India’s digital economy.- Build high-performing, diverse teams.- Integrate cutting-edge technologies for customers and partners.
India’s Strategic Importance	India’s rapidly growing digital economy is critical for Google’s expansion and innovation.
Sanjay Gupta’s Transition	Gupta moves to the role of President, Asia Pacific, after strengthening Google’s presence in India.
Google’s Vision for AI & Digital Growth	– Expand AI-driven solutions for customers.- Foster innovation and collaborate with Indian businesses.- Bridge the digital divide in India.

What is the Old Name of Thailand?

Thailand is a beautiful country in Southeast Asia, known for its vibrant culture, stunning temples, and rich history. Before it got its current name, the country was called something else, reflecting its unique heritage and identity. Let’s explore the story behind the old name of Thailand.

Old Name of Thailand

Thailand, known as Siam in the past, has a rich history that dates back more than a thousand years. Over the centuries, the country underwent several changes, both in its name and its political system.

When and Why Name Changed to Thailand?

The country was officially renamed Thailand in 1939 by Field Marshal Phibun Songkram, the leader at that time. The change was part of his effort to modernize the country and promote a stronger sense of national identity. He wanted to emphasis the country was for the Thai people, as opposed to the diverse mix of ethnic groups, including the large Chinese population.

Phibun’s slogan “Thailand for the Thai” reflected his nationalist policies, which included limiting Chinese influence and promoting the culture, language and identity of the Thai people. The name change also aimed to break away from colonial influences and make Thailand stand out as a unique nation in Southeast Asia.

Location of Thailand

Thailand is in Southeast Asia, on the Indochinese Peninsula. It is surrounded by beautiful landscapes, including mountains, rivers and tropical beaches.

Mumbai Clinches Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2024

Mumbai showcased a stellar performance to defeat Madhya Pradesh by five wickets and claim the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy (SMAT) 2024. The final, highlighted Mumbai’s depth in batting and resilience under pressure. Despite a valiant effort by MP skipper Rajat Patidar, whose unbeaten 81 anchored his team’s innings, Mumbai successfully chased a challenging target of 175 in just 17.5 overs, showcasing their dominance in the T20 format. This win marks Mumbai’s second SMAT title, their first being in 2022.

Match Summary

Madhya Pradesh scored 174/8 in 20 overs, with Rajat Patidar remaining unbeaten at 81.
Mumbai chased the target with ease, scoring 180/5 in 17.5 overs.

Mumbai’s Batting Performance

Suryakumar Yadav: Played a crucial knock of 48 runs off 35 balls (4 fours, 3 sixes).
Ajinkya Rahane: Scored 37 off 30 balls, adding stability to the chase.
Suryansh Shedge: Delivered a match-winning 36 not out off 15 balls, including three fours and three sixes.
Atharva Ankolekar: Contributed 16 not out off six balls to finish the chase in style.

Key Bowling Contributions

Shardul Thakur: Took 2 wickets for 41 runs, including a stunning dismissal of Rajat Patidar.
Royston Dias: Economical with figures of 2/32 in his four overs.

Rajat Patidar’s Brilliance

Scored an unbeaten 81 off 54 balls (5 fours, 3 sixes).
Carried MP’s innings single-handedly as other batters failed to provide significant contributions.

Turning Point

Suryakumar Yadav and Ajinkya Rahane’s partnership of 52 runs for the third wicket laid the foundation for Mumbai’s chase.
The late fireworks by Suryansh Shedge and Atharva Ankolekar ensured a comfortable victory.

Historical Context

This is Mumbai’s second SMAT title.
They previously won the trophy in 2022 under Ajinkya Rahane’s captaincy.
Madhya Pradesh is still awaiting their maiden SMAT victory despite several strong performances in recent seasons.

SMAT 2024: Key Statistics

Winning Captain: Shreyas Iyer (Mumbai).
Losing Captain: Rajat Patidar (Madhya Pradesh).
Venue: Final played in front of over 15,000 enthusiastic fans.

SMAT Winners Summary (2006-07 to 2024-25)

2006/07: Tamil Nadu defeated Punjab (Captain: Dinesh Karthik).
2009/10: Maharashtra overcame Hyderabad (Captain: Rohit Motwani).
2010/11: Bengal triumphed over Madhya Pradesh (Captain: Manoj Tiwary).
2011/12: Baroda bested Punjab (Captain: Pinal Shah).
2012/13 & 2014/15: Gujarat emerged victorious twice, defeating Punjab both times.
2015/16: Uttar Pradesh secured the title under Suresh Raina.
2018/19 & 2019/20: Karnataka dominated under Manish Pandey’s captaincy.
2020/21 to 2021/22: Tamil Nadu secured back-to-back titles under Dinesh Karthik and Vijay Shankar.
2022/23 & 2024/25: Mumbai claimed their first and second titles under Ajinkya Rahane and Shreyas Iyer.

Notable Records

Most Titles: Tamil Nadu (3 titles).
Back-to-Back Winners: Tamil Nadu (2020-21 and 2021-22).

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Mumbai won the title of Syed Mushtaq Ali 2024
2024 Final Outcome	Mumbai defeated Madhya Pradesh by 5 wickets to win their second SMAT title.
Winning Team	Mumbai (180/5 in 17.5 overs).
Losing Team	Madhya Pradesh (174/8 in 20 overs).
Winning Captain	Shreyas Iyer (Mumbai).
Losing Captain	Rajat Patidar (Madhya Pradesh).
Previous Winners Year	Team (Captain)
2006/07	Tamil Nadu (Dinesh Karthik)
2009/10	Maharashtra (Rohit Motwani)
2010/11	Bengal (Manoj Tiwary)
2011/12	Baroda (Pinal Shah)
2012/13	Gujarat
2014/15	Gujarat
2015/16	Uttar Pradesh (Suresh Raina)
2018/19	Karnataka (Manish Pandey)
2019/20	Karnataka (Manish Pandey)
2020/21	Tamil Nadu (Dinesh Karthik)
2021/22	Tamil Nadu (Vijay Shankar)
2022/23	Mumbai (Ajinkya Rahane)
2024/25	Mumbai (Shreyas Iyer)
Notable Records
Most Titles	Tamil Nadu (3 titles)

Cyclone Chido Hits Mozambique, Wrecks Havoc in Mayotte

Cyclone Chido, a Category 4 storm, caused widespread destruction in Mayotte before making landfall in Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado province on December 15, 2024. This powerful storm wreaked havoc on Mayotte, leaving entire neighborhoods flattened and causing severe damage. After crossing the Mozambique Channel, Cyclone Chido intensified and impacted northern Mozambique, with strong winds exceeding 200 km/h and heavy rainfall, threatening lives and properties.

Cyclone Chido Overview

Category 4 storm that made landfall in Pemba, Mozambique, on December 15.
Prior devastation in the French overseas department of Mayotte, with winds exceeding 220 km/h.

Impact on Mayotte

Devastated neighborhoods with extreme winds (220 km/h).
Hundreds, possibly thousands, feared dead, though accurate death toll difficult due to local burial practices.
This is the strongest cyclone to hit Mayotte in over 90 years.

Impact on Mozambique

Landfall in northern Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado province.
Winds exceeding 200 km/h and heavy rains caused damage to Cabo Delgado, Nampula, and Niassa.
Estimated 1.7 million people were affected in Mozambique.
Risks of flash floods, heavy rains, and destructive winds continue.

Emergency Response

Malawi Red Cross: On the ground in southern Malawi, responding to the storm’s impact.
International Organization for Migration (IOM): Assisting with assessment and coordination of early response in Mozambique.
UNICEF: Concerned about the long-term impacts on vulnerable populations in Mozambique, coordinating with local partners for aid distribution.

Government and Global Efforts

Mozambique’s government, alongside humanitarian organizations, is actively assessing the situation and providing immediate assistance.
Partners continue to reinforce emergency response efforts, including measures for protecting children and ensuring safe distribution of aid.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Cyclone Chido Hits Mozambique
Cyclone Name	Cyclone Chido (Category 4)
Location of Landfall	Pemba, Cabo Delgado province, Mozambique
Previous Impact	Wreaked havoc in Mayotte (French overseas department) with extreme winds (220 km/h) and widespread damage.
Mayotte Impact	– Over 220 km/h winds, neighborhoods flattened – Hundreds, possibly thousands, feared dead – Strongest cyclone in Mayotte in over 90 years
Mozambique Impact	– Affected Cabo Delgado, Nampula, and Niassa provinces – Estimated 1.7 million people impacted – Winds over 200 km/h, heavy rains, flash floods expected
Emergency Response	– Malawi Red Cross: On the ground in Malawi responding to impact. – IOM: Assessing needs and coordinating response in Mozambique. – UNICEF: Working with local partners to mitigate long-term impacts.

Remembering Sardar Patel on His Death Anniversary

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, known as the “Iron Man of India,” played an instrumental role in India’s freedom struggle and the integration of the country after independence. As the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India, his efforts in uniting the princely states and his contributions to the freedom movement were crucial for India’s sovereignty and unity.

Early Life and Education:

Born: October 31, 1875, in Nadiad, Gujarat.
Family: Father – Zaverbhai Patel (served in the Army of Queen of Jhansi), Mother – Ladbai (spiritual).
Education: Studied law and became a barrister in England.
Returned to India and practiced law in Ahmedabad.

Role in India’s Freedom Struggle

Kheda Satyagraha (1918)

Led by Gandhi, Patel played a pivotal role in mobilizing farmers to protest against high taxes imposed by the British amidst crop failures.

Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)

Protest against tax hikes during famine and floods; awarded the title “Sardar” for his leadership.

Quit India Movement (1942)

Despite health issues, Patel encouraged mass protests against British rule, and was arrested in August 1942.

Key Political Contributions

Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister

Served as India’s first Home Minister and Deputy PM post-independence.
Played a key role in the political integration of India after independence.

Integration of Princely States

Managed the integration of over 500 princely states into the Union of India, including states like Jammu & Kashmir and Hyderabad, which initially resisted joining.
Formed a new department to manage the integration process, led by Patel with V.P. Menon as secretary.

Death and Legacy

Date of Death: December 15, 1950, due to a heart attack.
National Unity Day: His birthday, October 31st, was declared Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) in 2014.

Posthumous Recognition

Awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1991 for his unparalleled contribution to the country.

Tribute by PM Modi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his death anniversary.
Modi described Patel as an inspiration for the country, emphasizing his contributions to national unity and integrity.
Lauded Patel as the “Iron Man” for his strong leadership in uniting India.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Remembering Sardar Patel on His Death Anniversary
Death	December 15, 1950, due to a heart attack
Legacy	National Unity Day (October 31st) – Declared in 2014 to honor his birthday
Role in Freedom Struggle	Kheda Satyagraha (1918) – Mobilized farmers against high taxes during crop failures Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) – Protest against tax hikes during famine and floods, awarded “Sardar” Quit India Movement (1942) – Led protests despite health issues, arrested in August 1942
Key Political Positions	First Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister post-independence
Contribution to India’s Unity	Managed the integration of over 500 princely states into India, including Jammu & Kashmir and Hyderabad
Posthumous Recognition	Bharat Ratna awarded in 1991 for his contributions to India
PM Modi’s Tribute	Described Patel as an inspiration for national unity and integrity Lauded Patel’s leadership and referred to him as the “Iron Man” of India