States and Capitals

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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO	State	Capital	CM	Governor
1	Andhra Pradesh	Amaravati	Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu	S. Abdul Nazer
2	Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Pema Khandu	Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3	Assam	Dispur	Himanta Biswa Sarma	Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4	Bihar	Patna	Nitish Kumar	Arif Mohammed Khan
5	Chhattisgarh	Raipur	Vishnu Deo Sai	Ramen Deka
6	Goa	Panaji	Pramod Sawant	P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7	Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Bhupendra Patel	Acharya Dev Vrat
8	Haryana	Chandigarh	Nayab Singh Saini	Bandaru Dattatraya
9	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu	Shiv Pratap Shukla
10	Jharkhand	Ranchi	Hemant Soren	Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11	Karnataka	Bengaluru	Siddaramaiah	Thaawarchand Gehlot
12	Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram	Pinarayi Vijayan	Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13	Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Mohan Yadav	Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14	Maharashtra	Mumbai	Devendra Fadnavis	C.P. Radhakrishnan
15	Manipur	Imphal	N. Biren Singh	Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16	Meghalaya	Shillong	Conrad Kongkal Sangma	C H Vijayashankar
17	Mizoram	Aizawl	Lalduhoma	General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18	Nagaland	Kohima	Neiphiu Rio	La. Ganesan
19	Odisha	Bhubaneswar	Mohan Charan Majhi	Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20	Punjab	Chandigarh	Bhagwant Singh Mann	Gulab Chand Kataria
21	Rajasthan	Jaipur	Bhajan Lal Sharma	Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22	Sikkim	Gangtok	PS Golay	Om Prakash Mathur
23	Tamil Nadu	Chennai	M. K. Stalin	R. N. Ravi
24	Telangana	Hyderabad	Anumula Revanth Reddy	Jishnu Dev Varma
25	Tripura	Agartala	Dr. Manik Saha	Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26	Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Yogi Aditya Nath	Anandiben Patel
27	Uttarakhand	Dehradun	Pushkar Singh Dhami	Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28	West Bengal	Kolkata	Mamata Banerjee	Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO	Union Territories	Capital	CM	Lt. Governor
1	Andaman and Nicobar Island	Port Blair	NA	D K Joshi
2	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	NA	Banwarilal Purohit
3	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	Daman	NA	Praful Patel
4	Delhi	Delhi	Rekha Gupta	Vinai Kumar Saxena
5	Ladakh	NA	NA	B. D. Mishra
6	Lakshadweep	Kavaratti	NA	Praful Patel
7	Jammu and Kashmir	NA	Omar Abdullah	Manoj Sinha
8	Puducherry	Pondicherry	N. Rangaswamy	C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference	States	Union Territories
Head of Administration	Governor	Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type	Elected by the People	Managed by the central government
Powers	Shares power with the central government.	Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No.	States	Language
1	Andhra Pradesh	Telugu and Urdu
2	Arunachal Pradesh	Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3	Assam	Assamese
4	Bihar	Hindi
5	Chhattisgarh	Hindi
6	Goa	Marathi Konkani
7	Gujarat	Gujarati
8	Haryana	Hindi
9	Himachal Pradesh	Hindi and Pahari
10	Jharkhand	Hindi
11	Karnataka	Kannada
12	Kerala	Malayalam
13	Madhya Pradesh	Hindi
14	Maharashtra	Marathi
15	Manipur	Manipuri
16	Meghalaya	Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17	Mizoram	Mizo and English
18	Nagaland	Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19	Odisha	Oriya
20	Punjab	Punjabi
21	Rajasthan	Rajasthani and Hindi
22	Sikkim	Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23	Tamil Nadu	Tamil
24	Telangana	Telugu
25	Tripura	Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26	Uttar Pradesh	Hindi
27	Uttarakhand	Hindi
28	West Bengal	Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

Top-5 Turmeric Exporting Countries in the World in 2025, Know About Them

Turmeric, known for its bright yellow color and powerful health benefits, is one of the most popular spices in the world. It is widely used in cooking, medicine and cosmetics. As global demand grows, several countries play a key role in exporting this valuable spice. In this article, we will look at the top-5 turmeric-exporting countries and what makes them leaders in the global market.

Turmeric Production in the World

The world produces about 13.5 lakh tonnes of turmeric every year. India is the largest producer, growing nearly 80% of the total amount. Its warm climate and rich soil make it perfect for turmeric farming. Other countries also grow turmeric, but none match India’s large-scale production and quality.

Top-5 Turmeric Exporting Countries in the World in 2025

Turmeric is a golden-yellow spice known for its strong flavor and health benefits. It is used in cooking, medicines and beauty products around the world. Many countries grow and export turmeric, but a few lead the global trade.

Here are the names of top-5 turmeric exporting countries in the world in 2025:

India
Myanmar
Indonesia
Nigeria
Bangladesh

India, World’s Largest Turmeric Exporter

Annual Export: 200,000 – 220,000 metric tonnes

India is the biggest exporter of turmeric in the world. It grows about 80% of the world’s turmeric. Indian turmeric is popular for its high quality and strong curcumin content, which gives it powerful health benefits. Famous types like Erode and Lakadong are especially valued. India also exports large amounts of turmeric powder and curcumin extract, used in health supplements and food products.

Myanmar

Annual Export: 25,000 – 30,000 metric tonnes

Myanmar is the second-largest exporter of turmeric. Most of its turmeric is sold to nearby countries like India and others in Southeast Asia. Myanmar’s turmeric has a deep yellow color, though it usually has less curcumin than Indian turmeric. Still, he is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine in the region.

Indonesia

Annual Export: 12,000 – 15,000 metric tonnes

Indonesia is a major exporter in Southeast Asia. Turmeric is mainly grown on the islands of Java and Sumatra. It is used for both food and natural medicine. Indonesian turmeric is sent to countries in East Asia and the Middle East, where there is strong demand for herbal products.

Nigeria

Annual Export: 9,000 – 11,000 metric tonnes

Nigeria is becoming a key player in turmeric exports from Africa. In recent years, turmeric farming has expanded across the country. Nigerian turmeric is mostly exported to India and European countries, especially where people are looking for organic or bulk turmeric. It is helping boost Nigeria’s economy and agricultural trade.

Bangladesh

Annual Export: 6,000 – 8,000 metric tonnes

Bangladesh exports a fair amount of turmeric, especially to the Gulf countries and Malaysia. Turmeric is grown in places like Chattogram and Sylhet. While a lot is used within the country, a good share is sent abroad. Bangladeshi turmeric is known for its earthy flavor and is used in many regional dishes.

India Secures 5-Year DAP Fertilizer Agreement with Saudi Firm Maaden

India and Saudi Arabia have signed important long-term agreements to boost the supply of fertilizers to India. The agreements were finalized during Union Minister JP Nadda’s three-day visit from July 11–13, 2025, in Dammam and Riyadh. These deals aim to secure India’s fertilizer needs and strengthen cooperation in health and pharmaceuticals.

Strengthening Fertilizer Trade

Union Minister JP Nadda, who handles the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, led a senior delegation to Saudi Arabia to strengthen trade ties. During the visit, Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources, Bandar bin Ibrahim Al Khorayef, and Nadda oversaw the signing of long-term supply agreements between Saudi firm Maaden and Indian companies like IPL, KRIBHCO, and CIL.

Under the new deal, India will receive 3.1 million metric tons of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer annually for five years starting from 2025–26. The deal may be extended for another five years with mutual consent. This is a big rise from the 1.9 million metric tons India imported from Saudi Arabia in 2024–25.

Boosting Fertilizer Security and Investment

Both countries agreed to expand their cooperation beyond DAP to include Urea and other key fertilizers. Discussions were also held on mutual investments, with interest from Indian public sector firms to invest in the Saudi fertilizer industry. In return, Saudi companies are also expected to explore investment opportunities in India.

A joint team has been formed to explore long-term collaboration, including research on India-specific customized fertilizers to improve farming results and sustainability.

Cooperation in Health and Pharmaceuticals

During the visit, Nadda also met with Saudi Vice Minister of Health, Abdulaziz Al-Rumaih, to talk about working together in medical services, digital health, pharma production, and knowledge sharing. They highlighted the importance of the MoU on Health signed during PM Modi’s recent visit to Saudi Arabia.

Nadda also held a special meeting with Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman Al Saud, Minister of Energy and co-chair of the Strategic Partnership Council, to discuss stronger economic relations between the two countries.

Industry Visit and Future Outlook

The Indian delegation visited Maaden’s Phosphate Plant at Ras Al Khair, where they were welcomed by Maaden Phosphate Chairman Hassan Al Ali. Maaden is a major supplier of fertilizers to India, and this visit helped boost industrial ties.

These agreements are expected to help India secure steady fertilizer supplies for its farmers and support long-term food security goals, while also opening new areas of collaboration in health and pharma.

President Murmu Nominates Four Members to Rajya Sabha

President Droupadi Murmu nominated four prominent individuals to the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Parliament. The nominations were made on the advice of the Council of Ministers under Article 80 of the Constitution. The move ensures representation from varied fields like law, education, diplomacy, and social service.

Who Are the New Rajya Sabha Members?

The four newly nominated members are,

Ujjwal Nikam – A well-known lawyer known for his work in high-profile criminal cases.
C. Sadanandan Master – A teacher and social worker known for his resilience and work for youth empowerment.
Harsh Vardhan Shringla – A senior diplomat and former Foreign Secretary who played a key role during India’s G20 Presidency.
Dr. Meenakshi Jain – A respected historian and academic expert in education, political science, and literature.

These appointments were made to fill positions left vacant by retired nominated members and bring fresh perspectives to the Rajya Sabha.

PM Modi Congratulates and Praises the Nominees

In a series of messages on X (formerly Twitter), Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated all four nominees and praised their lifelong contributions,

He called Ujjwal Nikam a “symbol of justice” who upheld constitutional values.
He described Sadanandan Master as “a true fighter” who worked for national development despite facing threats.
Shringla was praised for being a strategic thinker and contributing significantly to India’s foreign policy.
Dr. Meenakshi Jain was hailed as a scholar and historian who has enriched the academic world.

What Does the Constitution Say?

The nominations were made under Article 80(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution. This article allows the President to nominate up to 12 members to the Rajya Sabha who have made special contributions in the fields of,

Art
Literature
Science
Social service

These nominations aim to bring diverse expertise and knowledge into Parliament, helping with meaningful debate and effective law-making.

Centre Appoints Dr Abhijat Sheth as New NMC Chief

The Central Government has appointed Dr Abhijat Sheth as the new Chairperson of the National Medical Commission (NMC). The move comes at a time when the medical regulator is under scrutiny following a corruption probe involving several officials. Dr Sheth will take over from Dr B N Gangadhar, who had resigned earlier but stayed in office due to a lack of suitable replacements.

Why the Change Was Needed

The National Medical Commission (NMC) is the top body that regulates medical education in India. Its role is very important in ensuring quality and fairness in how doctors are trained and medical colleges operate.

In October 2024, Dr B N Gangadhar resigned as the NMC chairperson. However, his resignation was not accepted, and he continued in the role because the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet could not find a suitable replacement. This situation went on for many months, even though multiple shortlists were sent to the committee.

Finally, in July 2025, the government appointed Dr Abhijat Sheth, who is currently the President of the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS). NBEMS conducts important medical entrance exams like NEET-PG.

Bribery Case Raises Questions

Recently, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) registered a First Information Report (FIR) in a case of alleged bribery and corruption within the NMC system. The case involves the illegal leaking of inspection details, use of fake staff and patients in medical colleges, and taking bribes to give special benefits to private institutions.

The FIR does not name Dr Gangadhar, but it mentions 34 people, including,

Former UGC chairman Dr D P Singh
Officials from the Health Ministry and NMC
Members of medical college inspection teams
Representatives from several private medical colleges

The investigation has caused serious concerns about how medical colleges are being managed and inspected in India.

Dr Sheth to Handle Two Roles for Now

Even though Dr Sheth has been named the new NMC chief, he will continue as the head of NBEMS for a few more months. This is because the NEET-PG exam is scheduled for August 2025, and his presence is important for its smooth conduct. After that, he is expected to focus fully on his new role at the NMC.

Chelsea Beat PSG to Win Inaugural Edition of Club World Cup 2025

Chelsea FC won the FIFA Club World Cup 2025 by defeating Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) 3-0 in the final on July 13, 2025, at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey, USA. Young midfielder Cole Palmer was the star, scoring two goals and assisting the third in a dominant display. This is Chelsea’s second Club World Cup title and a proud moment in their football history.

Palmer Shines in One-Sided Final

Cole Palmer, just 22 years old, played a brilliant first half, scoring twice and setting up a third goal. The first goal came in the 22nd minute, after PSG defender Nuno Mendes gave the ball away to Malo Gusto, who assisted Palmer. After the 30th-minute cooling break, Palmer scored again with a clever move and finish from a long pass by Levi Colwill.

Palmer completed his performance by providing a perfect pass to Joao Pedro, who chipped the ball over PSG goalkeeper Gianluigi Donnarumma to make it 3-0.

Chelsea’s Smart Plan and PSG’s Frustration

Before the match, Chelsea manager Enzo Maresca called it a “game of chess” between himself and PSG coach Luis Enrique. But it was a quick checkmate for Chelsea. PSG had looked strong in earlier games, beating big teams like Real Madrid and Bayern Munich, but they couldn’t handle Chelsea’s tactics and intensity.

Joao Neves of PSG was sent off in the 83rd minute for pulling Marc Cucurella’s hair, showing PSG’s growing frustration. The match ended with some heated moments, but Chelsea’s players quickly turned to celebrate with their fans.

Prize Money and Rewards

The FIFA Club World Cup 2025 had a total prize pool of $1 billion.
Chelsea, the winners, earned nearly $118 million, including bonuses for each knockout round and a $40 million champion bonus.
PSG, as runners-up, earned around $105 million, including their participation and finalist bonuses.

Individual Awards Winners

Cole Palmer won the adidas Golden Ball (Best Player).
Robert Sanchez received the Golden Glove (Best Goalkeeper).
Moises Caicedo won the Bronze Ball for his strong midfield performance.
Desire Doue of PSG was named FIFA Best Young Player.
Gonzalo Garcia (Real Madrid) was the Top Goal Scorer.

Jannik Sinner Stuns Alcaraz to Win First Wimbledon Title

Jannik Sinner won his first Wimbledon title by defeating two-time champion Carlos Alcaraz on Sunday, July 13, 2025, in London. This was a big moment in tennis, as it showed how strong the rivalry between the two young stars has become. The win also gave Sinner his fourth Grand Slam title and ended many winning streaks held by Alcaraz.

Sinner’s Big Wimbledon Win

Jannik Sinner, a 23-year-old from Italy, defeated Carlos Alcaraz, 22, from Spain, in four sets: 4-6, 6-4, 6-4, 6-4. The match took place at Centre Court in the All England Club. This win marked the end of Alcaraz’s 24-match unbeaten streak and his 20-match Wimbledon winning streak.

Sinner played with focus and energy, even when the pressure was high. He showed great strength in the fourth set, especially when he was down 15-40 on his serve. He saved two break points and later won the match. After winning, he crouched down with joy and pounded the grass in celebration.

A Rivalry to Remember

This Wimbledon final was a rematch of the French Open final in June 2025, where Alcaraz had beaten Sinner in a five-set thriller. That loss had left Sinner heartbroken, but his comeback at Wimbledon showed how mentally strong he is. The two players have now split the past seven Grand Slam titles, showing they are the top rivals in men’s tennis today.

The last time the same two players reached both the French Open and Wimbledon finals in the same year was when Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal did it in 2006, 2007, and 2008.

Sinner’s Strong Season

Sinner has now played in four straight Grand Slam finals, winning the U.S. Open in September 2024, the Australian Open in January 2025, and now Wimbledon 2025. He also defeated tennis legend Novak Djokovic in the semifinals to reach this final.

Even though he hurt his right elbow earlier in the tournament, Sinner wore a protective sleeve and tape and never showed signs of injury. He proved that he is now one of the most dependable and powerful players on the tour.

Iga Swiatek Makes History With Double-Bagel Win to Capture Maiden Wimbledon Title

Iga Swiatek Wins Wimbledon 2025 in Historic Fashion

Iga Swiatek from Poland won her first Wimbledon title on July 12, 2025, beating Amanda Anisimova of the United States in just 57 minutes. The final score was 6-0, 6-0, making it one of the most one-sided women’s finals in tennis history. This match was important because it added another major title to Swiatek’s record and made history with a rare “double bagel” win.

Swiatek’s Stunning Victory

Iga Swiatek, 24, dominated the match on Centre Court at the All England Club, giving Amanda Anisimova no chance to settle. Swiatek won 55 of the 79 points and hit only 10 winners, letting Anisimova defeat herself with 28 unforced errors. This was only the third time in Grand Slam history that a women’s final ended in 6-0, 6-0, and the first time since 1988.

This win gave Swiatek her sixth Grand Slam title, and her first-ever win on grass, making her the only active female player to win major titles on clay, hard, and grass courts. It also marked her 100th match win at a Grand Slam tournament, which she achieved in just 120 matches, faster than most in history.

Anisimova’s Tough Day

Amanda Anisimova, 23, was playing in her first Grand Slam final and had a strong tournament, even beating world number one Aryna Sabalenka in the semifinals. But in the final, she couldn’t keep up with Swiatek’s pace and made many mistakes. After the match, she was seen crying on the bench while Swiatek celebrated with her team.

Anisimova had taken a break from tennis due to mental health reasons two years ago and returned with great determination. Just last year, she didn’t even qualify for Wimbledon. Now, despite the loss, she will enter the WTA Top 10 rankings for the first time in her career.

Swiatek’s Journey and Comeback

Swiatek had not won a title since June 2024 at the French Open, and her form had dipped. She was even seeded No. 8 at Wimbledon due to a year-long title drought. She also faced a setback in 2024 due to a one-month doping ban, which was later cleared as accidental exposure to a medical substance. Despite these challenges, she made a strong comeback by trusting her training and coach’s strategies for grass courts.

She said after the match, “I didn’t even dream of this. My team believed in me more than I did.” The Princess of Wales, Kate Middleton, was also present in the Royal Box and took part in the prize ceremony.

Which District has the Longest Name in Punjab? Know About It

Punjab, a vibrant state in northern India, is known for its colorful culture, delicious food and strong history. It has many districts, each with its own unique name and background. Some district names are short and simple, while others are long and meaningful. Among all these, one district stands out for having the longest name. Let’s explore and find out which district it is!

An Overview of Punjab

Punjab, meaning ”Land of Five Rivers,’‘ is a state in northwestern India known for its rich history, farming and vibrant culture. It has fertile lands, making it a major farming region and earning it the title ”Granary of India.” Punjab is also the birthplace of Sikhism and has seen many important historical events, including the rise of the Sikh Empire. It’s a land full of tradition and pride.

Number of Districts in Punjab

Punjab has 23 districts, with the newest one being Malerkotla, which was created on May 14, 2021. This addition brought the total to 23, reflecting the region’s evolving administrative structure.

District with the Longest Name in Punjab

The district with the longest name in Punjab is Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar. It was named to honor the famous freedom fighter Shaheed Bhagat Singh. Earlier, it was known as Nawanshahr. With 23 characters in its name, it stands out as the longest-named district in the state. It is located in the Doaba region.

Number of Letter in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar

The name Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar has 23 characters. It is the longest district name in Punjab. The name honors a great Indian freedom fighter, making it both meaningful and unique.

An Overview of Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar is one of the 23 districts of Punjab, located in the Doaba region. It has three subdivisions: Nawashahr, Banga and Balachaur. These areas also serve as its legislative seats and are part of the Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha Constituency. Nawanshahr is the district headquarters, about 92 km from Chandigarh.

Brazil vs Mexico: Latin America’s Giants in Culture and Cuisine

Brazil and Mexico are two of the most famous and exciting countries in Latin America. Both are known for their rich culture, delicious food, lively music and colorful festivals. While they share many similarities, they also have unique traditions, languages and flavors. This article explores the differences and special qualities of Brazil and Mexico, showing why both countries are loved all around the world.

An Overview of Brazil

Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth-largest in the world by area. It has over 212 million people, making it the seventh most populated country. The capital is Brasilia, and the biggest city is Sao Paulo. Brazil has 26 states and a Federal District. It’s the only country in the Americas where Portuguese is the official language, spoken by most of its people.

An Overview of Mexico

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a large country in North America. It borders the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south. Surrounded by oceans on three sides, it has beautiful coastlines. Mexico is the 13th-largest country in the world and has over 130 million people. Its capital, Mexico City, is one of the biggest cities globally. Spanish is the main language spoken.

Comparison Between Brazil and Mexico

Brazil and Mexico are two main countries in Latin America. They have rich cultures, unique languages and delicious foods. This comparison shows their key differences in areas like traditions, language, festivals and lifestyle.

Here is the difference between Brazil and Mexico:

Basis of Difference	Brazil	Mexico
Language	Portuguese	Spanish
Popular Music	Samba, Bossa Nova	Mariachi, Ranchera
Popular Dance	Samba	Jarabe Tapatio
Main Festival	Carnival (parades, dancing, costumes)	Dia de los Muertos
Signature Dishes	Feijoada, Pão de Queijo, Acai bowls	Tacos, Tamales, Churros
Flavors	Mild, tropical fruits, beans and meats	Spicy, with chilies, corn and rich seasonings
Landmarks	Christ the Redeemer, Amazon Rainforest	Chichén Itzá, Cancún beaches
Sports	Football (soccer) – Pelé, Neymar	Football, Lucha Libre

Global Influence of Brazil and Mexico

Brazil and Mexico have strong global influence through music, food and sports. Brazilian samba and football are loved worldwide, and its Amazon rainforest is vital for the planet. Mexico’s spicy food, like tacos and colorful traditions, like Day of the Dead, are celebrated across teh world. Both countries share their rich culture proudly and attract tourist artists, and businesses from many nations.

Do You Know What is the Old Name of Varanasi?

Varanasi is one of the oldest and most spiritual cities in the world. Located on the banks of the River Ganga in India, it has been a center of learning, culture and religion for thousands of years. This ancient city is known by many for its temples, rituals and ghats. But before it became known as Varanasi, the city had other names that tell interesting stories from the past.

Old Names of Varanasi

Varanasi is one of India’s oldest and most sacred cities. Over time, it has been known by different names, each showing its rich history, culture and spiritual value. Here are some of the names that Varanasi has been called:

Kashi
Banaras

Varanasi, Once Called Kashi

Before it was known as Varanasi, this city had an ancient name – Kashi. The word Kashi means ”light” or ”shining,” showing how spirituality bright and pure this place was considered. Kashi is mentioned in many ancient Hindu texts like the Rig Veda and Skanda Purana.

People believe that Lord Shiva, one of the most powerful gods in Hinduism, made Kashi his home. That’s why Kashi is also called the eternal city.

Another Name of Varanasi, Banaras

Another name that became very popular over time is Banaras (also written as Benares). This name became more common during the Mughal and British times. Even though it’s not the official name today, people still use Banaras in songs, movies and everyday talk. It reminds many of the city’s rich traditions and timeless charm.

Why is Kashi So Holy?

Kashi has been a major spiritual hub for thousands of years. Hindus believe that anyone who dies in Kashi is freed from the cycle of rebirth and reaches moksha (liberation). That’s why many come here in their final years or bring the ashes of loved ones to be scattered in Ganga.

It is also said that the city was created by Lord Shiva himself, making it one of the most divine places in the universe.

Famous Places that Must Visit in the City

Here are some sacred and well-known spots that shows the spiritual heart of Varanasi:

Kashi Vishwanath Temple: This temple is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas (holy shrines of Shiva). Pilgrims from all over India come here to worship and seek blessings.
Dashashwamedh Ghat: Close to the temple, this ghat is famous for the evening Ganga Aarti, a beautiful ritual with lamps, music and chanting that lights up the river.
Assi Ghat: Located where the Assi River meets the Ganga, this spot is popular with students, travelers and spiritual seekers. It’s peaceful and full of energy in the early mornings.
Banaras Hindu University: Founded in1 916, BHU is one of the largest residential universities in Asia. It is not just a center of learning but also a symbol of the city’s culture and pride.