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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

MS Dhoni Becomes Face of Dettol’s New ‘Icy Cool’ Personal Care Range

On May 28, 2025, Dettol, India’s leading germ protection brand, announced the appointment of Mahendra Singh Dhoni—India’s beloved “Captain Cool”—as its new brand ambassador for its latest Icy Cool personal care range, including soaps, bodywash, and handwash. This strategic collaboration merges Dhoni’s calm and resilient persona with Dettol’s trusted image, aiming to address summer-specific hygiene needs with a refreshing twist.

Why in News?

Dettol introduced a new Icy Cool product range to provide germ protection with a cooling effect. MS Dhoni has been appointed the brand ambassador to launch and promote this new line. The campaign seeks to connect with consumers battling heat and sweat-related skin discomfort during the Indian summer.

Aim and Objective of the Collab oration

  • To provide instant cooling refreshment and germ protection in hot weather conditions.
  • To connect with a wide consumer base through MS Dhoni’s brand equity and pan-India appeal.
  • To emphasize Dettol’s evolution in personal care beyond hygiene, focusing on seasonal relevance and performance.

Key Highlights of the Partnership

Product Focus: The new Dettol Icy Cool range includes,

  • Soaps
  • Bodywash
  • Handwash
  • Summer Skin Concerns Addressed:
  • Excessive sweating
  • Germ buildup due to heat
  • Skin infections from poor hygiene

Celebrity Power: Dhoni’s calmness under pressure and association with hygiene makes him a relatable symbol for the product’s promise—“cool body, cool mind.”

Campaign Launch: The first TV commercial (TVC) in the series features a tense cricket scenario, reinforcing the product’s message of composure under pressure, just like Dhoni himself.

Background and Static Information

  • Dettol is a product of Reckitt, a global health and hygiene company.
  • Dettol in India: Known for its antiseptic liquid, it now has an extensive personal care portfolio including hand sanitizers, soaps, and disinfectants.

MS Dhoni

  • Former captain of the Indian cricket team
  • Known for leading India to World Cup wins in 2007 and 2011
  • Popularly called “Captain Cool” due to his composed demeanor
  • One of the most bankable personalities for brand endorsements

Significance of the Partnership

  • Consumer Trust: Dhoni enhances Dettol’s credibility in urban and rural segments.
  • Seasonal Innovation: The Icy Cool range is tailored to India’s harsh summer climate.
  • Marketing Strategy: Combining health protection with seasonal comfort offers a unique value proposition.
  • Social Messaging: The campaign also promotes mental wellness by emphasizing “cool mind” in hot situations.

TCL India Renews Rohit Sharma as Brand Ambassador for Second Year

TCL India, a leading consumer electronics brand, officially announced the renewal of its partnership with Indian cricket icon Rohit Sharma as its brand ambassador for the second consecutive year. This extension underscores the brand’s ongoing efforts to deepen its emotional connection with Indian consumers through inspiring campaigns, cutting-edge products, and community-driven initiatives under the theme “Master the Moment.”

Why in News?

TCL India has renewed its collaboration with Rohit Sharma as brand ambassador for another year. This partnership reinforces TCL’s strategic focus on digital innovation, Indian market engagement, and brand value amplification. The announcement was made on June 4, 2025, positioning Sharma at the forefront of TCL’s upcoming campaigns and product launches.

Aim and Objective of the Collaboration

  • To build a stronger emotional connect with Indian consumers.
  • To leverage Rohit Sharma’s mass appeal and credibility as a cricketing icon.
  • To position TCL as a technology innovator offering AI-powered solutions, smart TVs, and appliances.
  • To enhance brand visibility in India through influencer-led marketing.

Key Highlights of the Partnership

  • Partnership Continuation: Rohit Sharma continues as TCL’s brand ambassador for a second year.
  • Campaign Theme: The collaboration revolves around TCL’s philosophy of “Master the Moment”, symbolizing excellence, innovation, and performance.

Public Statements

  • Philip Xia, GM of TCL India, emphasized Sharma’s qualities of leadership, consistency, and composure under pressure as reflecting TCL’s brand ethos.
  • Rohit Sharma expressed satisfaction with the renewed partnership, citing shared values of innovation and excellence.

Brand’s Strategic Direction

  • TCL plans to expand its footprint in India.
  • The company is launching smart technology solutions, including AI-powered TVs and home appliances.
  • Rohit Sharma will feature prominently in upcoming promotional campaigns, product launches, and social impact programs.

Background and Static Information

  • TCL Corporation: A global electronics brand known for smart TVs, mobile devices, and AI solutions.
  • Rohit Sharma: Indian cricket team captain and one of the most popular sportspersons globally, known for his calm demeanor, record-breaking performances, and wide fan base.

TCL India Operations

  • TCL has increased its market share in India in the smart TV segment.
  • The brand aims to create a tech-savvy lifestyle ecosystem for Indian consumers.

Significance of the Partnership

  • Increased Brand Trust: Sharma’s involvement elevates consumer trust and brand recall.
  • Deeper Market Penetration: TCL aims to strengthen its presence across India’s tier-1 and tier-2 cities.
  • Cultural Resonance: Sharma’s stature resonates with Indian values, making the campaign relatable and aspirational.
  • Innovation Drive: The partnership signals TCL’s commitment to digital innovation and user-centric technology.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news?
TCL India Renews Rohit Sharma as Brand Ambassador for Second Year
Duration
Renewed for Second Consecutive Year
Campaign Theme
“Master the Moment”
Focus Areas
Product launches, AI solutions, emotional brand engagement
Target Audience
Indian consumers, especially tech-savvy urban and semi-urban youth

World Brain Tumour Day 2025: Date, Theme, History and Significance

World Brain Tumour Day is observed every year on June 8 to raise awareness about brain tumours, one of the most serious and complex medical conditions. This day reminds people to support patients and their families, talk about early diagnosis and promote better treatment and research. In 2025, it will be observed on Sunday, June 8 and it’s an important time to learn and spread awareness.

World Brain Tumour Day 2025 – Date

World Brain Tumour Day will be observed on June 8, 2025. People across the world will take part in events, health talks and campaigns to highlight the challenges faced by brain tumour patients and the importance of early treatment.

World Brain Tumour Day 2025 – Theme

The official theme for 2025 has not yet been announced. Every year, a theme is selected to focus the world’s attention on a special area related to brain tumours – like patient care, early diagnosis, or research. Once the theme is announced, awareness events and activities will be based on it.

Why is World Brain Tumour Day Observed?

World Brain Tumour Day is important because it:

  • Spreads Awareness: Many people don’t know the early signs of brain tumours. Awareness can lead to faster diagnosis and better chances of recovery.
  • Supports patients: Patients and their families need emotional strength. This day is a way to show love and care.
  • Encourages Research: More research can help find better and safer ways to treat brain tumours.
  • Asks governments to take action: Governments are urged to include brain tumour care in health plans and make treatment affordable.
  • Fights myth and fear: It clears wrong beliefs and shares helpful facts and survival stories.

History of World Brain Tumour Day

World Brain Tumour Day was started in the year 2000 by the German Brain Tumour Association (Deutsche Hirntumorhilfe e.V.) This non-profit organization created the day to support patients and spread public awareness. Since then, June 8 has been observed as World Brain Tumour Day in many countries through events, fundraisers and educational programs.

What is a Brain Tumour?

A brain tumour is a lump of abnormal cells growing in the brain. These cells can press on the brain and stop it from working properly. There are two main types:

  • Benign (non-cancerous): Grows slowly and does not spread, but can still be serious.
  • Malignant (cancerous): Grows quickly and can spread to nearby brain tissue.

Common symptoms include:

  • Headaches
  • Vomiting
  • Blurred vision
  • Weakness in arms or legs
  • Seizures
  • Memory problems or confusion
  • Personality changes

Treatment options includes: 

  • Surgery
  • Radiation therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Targeted medicines

Early diagnosis and correct treatment can help save lives.

UN Elects Five Non-Permanent Members to Security Council for 2026-27 Term

On June 3, 2025, the United Nations General Assembly elected Bahrain, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Latvia, and Liberia as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC) for a two-year term starting in January 2026. These countries will join the 15-member Council, which plays a central role in maintaining international peace and security. Notably, Latvia will be serving on the UNSC for the first time, marking a significant diplomatic milestone.

Why in News?

The UN General Assembly conducted elections on June 3, 2025, to select five new non-permanent members of the UNSC. These members will serve from January 2026 to December 2027. The vote was significant as Latvia was elected for the first time ever to the Council.

Aim and Objective of the Election

  • To fill five rotating non-permanent seats on the 15-member Security Council.
  • To maintain regional representation as per the UN Charter and promote equitable participation in global peace and security efforts.
  • To strengthen the multilateral framework of international diplomacy through broader representation.

UNSC Election 2025: Results and Voting Breakdown

  • Date of Election: June 3, 2025
  • Total Member States Voting: 188
  • Required Majority: Two-thirds of 193-member General Assembly

Vote Results by Country and Region

Africa & Asia-Pacific

  • Bahrain: 186 votes
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo: 183 votes
  • Liberia: 181 votes

Eastern Europe

  • Latvia: 178 votes (first-time member)

Latin America & Caribbean

  • Colombia: 180 votes

Background and Static Information

UN Security Council Composition

  • Permanent Members (P5): China, France, Russia, UK, USA
  • Non-Permanent Members: 10, elected for staggered two-year terms
  • Previous Members Whose Term Ends in December 2025
  • Algeria, Guyana, Republic of Korea, Sierra Leone, Slovenia
  • Non-Permanent Members Elected in 2024 (to serve till 2026):
  • Denmark, Greece, Pakistan, Panama, Somalia

Regional Seat Distribution (out of 10 non-permanent seats)

  • 3 for Africa
  • 2 for Asia-Pacific
  • 2 for Latin America and the Caribbean
  • 2 for Western Europe and Others
  • 1 for Eastern Europe

Significance of This Election

  • Latvia’s Debut: Marks the country’s first-ever representation on the Security Council.
  • Colombia: Elected for the 7th time, reflecting its active role in global peacebuilding.
  • DRC, Bahrain, Liberia: Each brings regional perspectives and past UNSC experience.
  • Strengthens Multilateralism: Election of diverse nations underscores the importance of inclusive global governance.
  • Peace and Security Role: New members will participate in key decisions on international conflicts, sanctions, peacekeeping operations, and geopolitical crises.

RBI Premieres 5-Part Docuseries ‘Unlocked: Beyond the Rupee’ to Demystify India’s Central Bank

On June 3, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launched a five-part documentary series titled ‘RBI Unlocked: Beyond the Rupee’, in collaboration with Jio Hotstar. Produced by Chalkboard Entertainment, the series offers an unprecedented look into the RBI’s 90-year journey, illuminating the roles, responsibilities, and relevance of India’s central bank. This marks a strategic outreach effort to improve public understanding of complex economic and financial systems through mainstream digital platforms.

Why in News?

RBI launched a documentary on June 3, 2025, marking its first major public visual outreach project. Titled ‘RBI Unlocked: Beyond the Rupee’, it is now available for streaming on Jio Hotstar. The release is part of the 90th anniversary celebrations of the RBI and aims to make its internal workings accessible and relatable to the general public.

Aims and Objectives

  • To visually document the RBI’s 90-year history and legacy.
  • To demystify the functions of India’s central banking system.
  • To educate the public about the significance of monetary policy, currency regulation, and financial inclusion.
  • To enhance financial literacy and public trust in regulatory institutions.

Highlights of the Documentary Series

  • Title: RBI Unlocked: Beyond the Rupee
  • Episodes: 5-part series
  • Platform: Jio Hotstar
  • Production House: Chalkboard Entertainment
  • Format: Documentary-style storytelling with real RBI footage, expert interviews, dramatizations, and animations

What the Documentary Covers

  • Monetary Policy: How interest rates and inflation are managed.
  • Currency Management: Design, production, and security features of Indian currency.
  • Bank Supervision: Regulation of commercial banks and NBFCs.
  • Digital Payments and Fintech: UPI, RTGS, and innovations.
  • Financial Inclusion: RBI’s role in improving access to finance for underserved communities.

Significance and Impact

  • Public Outreach: A rare move to engage with the general public, not just industry professionals.
  • Educational Value: Supports school and college-level economic literacy programs.
  • Transparency and Trust: Aligns with global trends of institutional transparency.
  • Digital Strategy: Leverages OTT platforms to reach India’s digitally connected youth.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? RBI Premieres 5-Part Docuseries ‘Unlocked: Beyond the Rupee’ to Demystify India’s Central Bank
Series Title RBI Unlocked: Beyond the Rupee
Platform Jio Hotstar
Producer Chalkboard Entertainment
Occasion RBI’s 90th anniversary
Audience General public, students, economists, professionals
Content Focus Functions of RBI, currency, policy, banking, financial inclusion

PM Modi Inaugurates Chenab Rail Bridge, Completing Kashmir’s Rail Link to India

On June 6, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Chenab rail bridge, the world’s highest railway arch bridge, in Jammu and Kashmir. This marks the completion of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL), a 42-year-old project aimed at integrating the Kashmir Valley with the national railway network. The bridge, part of a fully electrified 272-km rail corridor, not only overcomes one of the most difficult Himalayan terrains but also opens new doors for trade, tourism, and economic development in the region.

Why in News?

On June 6, 2025, PM Modi inaugurated the Chenab Rail Bridge, completing the USBRL project. The bridge is now the highest railway arch bridge in the world, surpassing even the Eiffel Tower in height. The project was initiated over four decades ago to connect Kashmir with the rest of India. It enables all-weather, electrified rail connectivity to the Kashmir Valley for the first time.

Aims and Objectives

  • Provide seamless all-weather railway connectivity to the Kashmir region.
  • Strengthen infrastructure and integration of remote areas with the national mainstream.
  • Boost trade, tourism, and employment in Jammu & Kashmir.
  • Demonstrate India’s engineering and technological prowess.

Project Timeline and Completion

USBRL Total Length: 272 km (Udhampur to Baramulla)

Key milestones

  • Qazigund-Baramulla (118 km): Commissioned in Oct 2009
  • Qazigund-Banihal (18 km): June 2013
  • Udhampur-Katra (25 km): July 2014
  • Banihal-Sangaldan (48.1 km): Feb 2024
  • Chenab Bridge inaugurated: June 2025

Highlights of the Chenab Rail Bridge

  • Height: 359 meters (higher than the Eiffel Tower)
  • Span: 467 meters (arch span)
  • Design: Steel and concrete arch

Features

  • Designed to withstand high seismic activity and wind speeds
  • Built in challenging Himalayan terrain with 36 tunnels and 943 bridges
  • Electrified line to promote green, efficient transportation
  • Built over Chenab River, a major Indus tributary

National and Regional Significance

  • A symbol of national integration and development in Jammu & Kashmir.
  • Expected to reduce travel time, improve freight movement, and support security logistics.
  • Encourages sustainable tourism in the Kashmir Valley.
  • Enhances disaster management response with year-round accessibility.

Major Infrastructure Projects

Chenab Bridge

  • Height: 359 metres above Chenab River — taller than the Eiffel Tower.
  • Length: 1,315 metres.
  • Structure: Steel arch designed to withstand seismic activity and high wind speeds.
  • Significance: Seamless rail link between Jammu and Kashmir; enhances border area connectivity.

Anji Bridge

  • India’s first cable-stayed railway bridge.
  • Built in challenging Himalayan terrain.
  • Facilitates rail link to Katra and Kashmir Valley.

USBRL (Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link)

  • Total length: 272 kmસ
  • Objective: Provide all-weather rail connectivity to the Kashmir Valley.
  • Strategic for economic development and national security.

Vande Bharat Trains

  • New services between Katra and Srinagar.
  • Reduced travel time to approx. 3 hours (saves 2-3 hours).
  • Enhances tourism, trade, and pilgrimage routes.

Healthcare Boost

  • Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Institute of Medical Excellence
  • Investment: ₹350 crore.
  • Location: Katra (Reasi district).
  • First medical college in the region; improves access to quality healthcare.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? PM Modi Inaugurates Chenab Rail Bridge, Completing Kashmir’s Rail Link to India
Key Highlight World’s highest railway arch bridge (Chenab Bridge)
Height & Length 359m height, 1,315m length
Additional Projects Anji Bridge, USBRL line, medical institute, road projects
Rail Boost Vande Bharat trains between Katra and Srinagar
Healthcare Initiative Vaishno Devi Institute of Medical Excellence worth ₹350 crore
Total Project Cost ₹46,000 crore
Strategic Value Improved border connectivity and economic growth in Jammu & Kashmir

World Food Safety Day 2025 Emphasizes ‘Science in Action’ to Ensure Safer Food Systems

World Food Safety Day, observed annually on June 7, raises global awareness about the importance of safe and nutritious food in building healthier lives and stronger economies. In 2025, the theme “Food Safety: Science in Action” spotlights how science, innovation, and data can reduce the threat of foodborne illnesses. As millions continue to suffer from unsafe food each year, the day serves as a powerful reminder of the collective responsibility—from farm to fork—to ensure the food we eat is safe and handled hygienically.

Why in News?

World Food Safety Day 2025 is being observed globally on June 7 under the theme “Food Safety: Science in Action.” The day highlights the critical role of science in preventing food contamination and illness. In India, where food safety challenges persist—especially in the informal and street food sectors—the observance takes on added significance. Recent concerns include rising food adulteration rates and a shortage of food safety officers, which hinder proper oversight.

Aims and Objectives of World Food Safety Day

  • Raise awareness about food safety risks and how to manage them.
  • Promote safe food handling from production to consumption.
  • Encourage investment in scientific innovation and regulation.
  • Highlight food safety as a shared responsibility involving producers, regulators, and consumers.

History and Background

  • Declared by the United Nations General Assembly in December 2018.
  • First observed globally on June 7, 2019.
  • Initiated by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and WHO (World Health Organization).
  • Developed in response to the often-overlooked global burden of foodborne diseases, which affect over 600 million people annually.

Theme 2025: “Food Safety: Science in Action”

  • Emphasizes data-driven decisions, risk assessments, and innovation in food production and storage.
  • Encourages use of AI, IoT, and genomic surveillance to detect and prevent contamination.
  • Focuses on building resilient food safety systems in the face of rising global food demands.

Food Safety Challenges in India

  • India’s food diversity is immense, but so are its food safety challenges:
  • Food adulteration rose from 15% (2012) to 28% (2019).
  • 38% of Indian families reported buying tainted packaged food in the last three years.
  • India has only 2,574 food safety officers, just 15% of what’s required.
  • 250 authorized testing labs, mostly in wealthier states, leave gaps in rural areas.
  • Transport and storage issues (temperature control, packaging) worsen contamination risks.

Significance and Call to Action

  • Food safety ensures better health, stronger economies, and longer lives.
  • It is linked to UN SDGs like Zero Hunger (Goal 2), Good Health (Goal 3), and Responsible Consumption (Goal 12).

Promotes community participation, including,

  • Washing hands before cooking
  • Checking expiry dates
  • Reporting unsafe vendors
  • Demanding better regulations
  • Governments, schools, NGOs, and industries globally observe this day through campaigns, workshops, and public outreach.

Microsoft Expands LinkedIn CEO Roslansky’s Role to Oversee Office Suite

In a strategic move reflecting the growing convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and workplace productivity, Microsoft has appointed LinkedIn CEO Ryan Roslansky to also oversee its Office suite, including flagship products like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and Teams. Roslansky will retain his role as LinkedIn CEO while taking on the expanded portfolio, which now also includes Microsoft 365 (M365) Copilot, the AI-powered productivity assistant. This marks a significant leadership shift as Microsoft doubles down on unifying its tools for the future of work.

Why in News?

On June 4, 2025, it was reported that Ryan Roslansky has been given additional responsibilities at Microsoft to manage the Office productivity software unit. The move reflects Microsoft’s continued integration of AI into productivity tools and its focus on cross-platform synergy between LinkedIn and Microsoft 365. The organizational shift also includes a transfer of teams from other divisions, signaling a major realignment of Microsoft’s AI and productivity priorities.

Aims & Objectives of the Leadership Change

  • Strengthen integration between professional networking (LinkedIn) and workplace productivity (Microsoft 365).
  • Enhance AI-driven innovation across Microsoft’s tools, particularly through M365 Copilot.
  • Build a more cohesive ecosystem for professionals using both platforms daily.

Who is Ryan Roslansky?

  • CEO of LinkedIn since 2020; joined the company in 2009.
  • Previously worked at Yahoo before joining LinkedIn.
  • Oversaw LinkedIn’s growth, helping it cross $17 billion in revenue in the past year.
  • Will now serve as Executive Vice President of Office, while still reporting to Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella.

What Will He Oversee?

  • Full Microsoft Office Suite: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and Teams.
  • Microsoft 365 Copilot: AI-powered app launched in 2020 to streamline document creation and editing.
  • Part of Rajesh Jha’s team, EVP of Experiences and Devices.

Organizational Restructuring Highlights

  • Charles Lamanna’s team (previously under Cloud & AI EVP Scott Guthrie) will now report to Rajesh Jha.

Lamanna’s portfolio includesm

  • Dynamics 365 (competes with Salesforce)
  • Copilot Studio for building AI agents
  • Nadella emphasizes shift toward AI agents as the interface for business applications.

Significance of the Move

  • Aligns Microsoft’s two major platforms: LinkedIn and Microsoft Office.
  • Positions Roslansky as a key figure in shaping the future of work powered by AI.
  • Enhances Microsoft’s vision of connected productivity tools in a digital-first world.
  • Signals strategic trust by Satya Nadella in Roslansky’s leadership across ecosystems.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Microsoft Expands LinkedIn CEO Roslansky’s Role to Oversee Office Suite
New Role EVP, Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Teams, Outlook, M365 Copilot)
Key Product Oversight Microsoft 365 Copilot, Office suite
Significance Strategic unification of AI, productivity, and professional tools
Subsidiary Status LinkedIn remains an independent subsidiary

S Mahendra Dev Appointed as Chairman of PM’s Economic Advisory Council

Eminent economist S Mahendra Dev has been appointed as the new Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM). Known for his extensive expertise in agriculture, rural economy, and development economics, Dev brings with him decades of experience in public policy and academia. He stepped down from his post as independent director on the board of Axis Bank following this full-time appointment. His academic pedigree includes a PhD in Economics from Delhi School of Economics and post-doctoral research at Yale University.

Why in News?

On June 5, 2025, S Mahendra Dev was officially appointed as the Chairman of EAC-PM. He resigned from the Axis Bank board the same day, citing the full-time nature of the new role. The appointment signals a strong focus on development-led economic policy, particularly in rural and agricultural domains.

Aim & Objectives of EAC-PM

  • Provide independent advice to the Prime Minister on economic and policy matters.
  • Analyze macroeconomic trends and recommend strategies for inclusive and sustainable growth.
  • Offer guidance on policy implementation, reforms, and structural economic issues.

Profile of S Mahendra Dev

Academic Qualifications

  • PhD in Economics – Delhi School of Economics
  • Post-doctoral research in Development Economics – Yale University

Professional Roles

  • Former Director and Vice Chancellor, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research
  • Chairman, Institute for Development Studies, Andhra Pradesh
  • Editor, Economic and Political Weekly
  • Former independent director on boards of Axis Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank

Areas of Expertise

  • Agriculture and food security
  • Poverty and inequality
  • Rural development and social protection

Background on EAC-PM

  • The Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister is a non-constitutional, non-permanent body set up to advise the PM.
  • It operates under the NITI Aayog framework, with inputs often shaping major economic decisions.
  • Recent heads included Suman Bery, Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog.

Significance of the Appointment

  • Dev’s academic and policy expertise in agriculture and rural development aligns with India’s current economic needs.
  • His leadership is expected to strengthen rural-centric economic strategies, aiding long-term policy formulation.
  • As India balances growth with inclusivity, Dev’s insights are anticipated to enhance equitable development planning.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? S Mahendra Dev Appointed as Chairman of PM’s Economic Advisory Council
Appointed As Chairman, Economic Advisory Council to the PM (EAC-PM)
Previous Role Independent Director, Axis Bank
Academic Background PhD from Delhi School of Economics, Post-doc from Yale University
Expertise Agriculture, rural economy, development economics
Other Positions Held Editor of EPW, Chairman of IDSAP, Former VC of IGIDR

Top-5 Cleanest Countries in the World in 2025, Know About Them

Clean countries are places where the air is fresh, the streets are neat and nature is well cared for. These countries work hard to reduce pollution, recycle waste and use green energy. People follow good habits and the government supports eco-friendly rules. In this article, we will look at the top-5 cleanest countries in the world and what makes them so clean and beautiful.

What is EPI?

The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a study done by Yale and Columbia universities, with help from the World Economic Forum. It ranks 180 countries on how clean and eco-friendly they are. It looks at 40 things like air and water quality, water management, climate change and more.

Top-5 Cleanest Countries in the World in 2025

The cleanest countries in the world are known for their fresh air, clean water and green surroundings. Based on the 2025 EPI report, here are the top-5 cleanest countries with the best environmental conditions:

  • Estonia
  • Luxembourg
  • Germany
  • Finland
  • United Kingdom

Estonia, World’s Cleanest Country

Estonia is the cleanest country in the world in 2025. This small country near the Baltic Sea is known for its beautiful forests, clean lakes and fresh air. Estonia has very low pollution and takes strong action to protect nature. Its good environment makes it a peaceful place to live.

Luxembourg

Luxembourg is a small, rich country in Europe. It ranks second on the EPI. The country scores well in clean drinking water, proper sanitation and modern-waste systems. With clean streets and low pollution, it also has one of the highest incomes in the world.

Germany

Germany stands third among the cleanest countries. It has strong rules to keep the air and water clean. Germany also uses green energy and supports recycling and waste control. Clean cities, good transport systems and eco-friendly habits make it stand out.

Finland

Finland is known not only as one of the happiest countries but also as one of the cleanest. It has fresh air, clean lakes and green forests. Finland’s people care deeply about nature. Their education and government policies also support a clean and healthy environment.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is fifth on the EPI list. It has strong environmental laws that helps reduce pollution. The country works on reducing waste, using clean energy and keeping its air and water safe. Clean streets and green parks add to its charm.

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_15.1

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