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SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF

The SBI Clerk Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation.

To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI Clerk Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI Clerk Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI Clerk Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI Clerk Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI Clerk General Awareness PDF (Part-1 and 2): Click Here

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Topics Covered in the SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI Clerk is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.
Featured

States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

In Which State is Gautala Autramghat Wildlife Sanctuary Located?

The Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary is a famous wildlife sanctuary in India. It is known for its beautiful forests, hills and a wide variety of animals and birds. The area is peaceful and full of natural beauty, making it a great place for nature lovers and wildlife watchers. Many people visit this place for nature lovers and wildlife environment. Many people visit this place every year to enjoy its greenery, fresh air and calm environment.

Location of Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary

The Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary covers a large area of 26,061.19 hectares (about 64,399 acres). It includes 19,706 hectares in Aurangabad and 6,355.19 hectares in Jalgaon. The place is named after the nearby village Gautala, which got its name from the Hindu saint Gautam Rishi.

History Behind the Name

There is a lake called Gautala inside the dense forest. Long ago, people used to live nearby and bring their cattle to graze. The word ”Gau” means cow in Hindi, which is how the place got the name Gautala.

Type of Forests and Plants

The forest is a dry deciduous type, meaning the trees shed their leaves in some seasons. There are also bushes and grasslands.

Some of the main trees found here are:

  • Teak
  • Anjan
  • Sandalwood
  • Bel
  • Awla
  • Bhallatak
  • Moha

Animals Found in the Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary

The sanctuary is home to many wild animals. Some of them are:

  • Chinkara
  • Nilgai
  • Sloth Bear
  • Jungle cat
  • Leopard cat
  • Barking deer
  • Fox, jackal and wolf
  • Dhole
  • Langur
  • Wild boar and hare

Birds and Reptiles in the Sanctuary

More than 240 bird species live here. Some of them are:

  • Cranes
  • Spoonbills
  • Storks
  • Ibis
  • Peafowl
  • Quail and partridges
  • Cobra

Tourist Attractions Inside the Sanctuary

Along with wildlife, tourists can visit many interesting places inside the sanctuary such as:

  • Pitalkhora Caves: Old Buddhist rock-out caves from 2nd century BCE.
  • Patnadevi Temple: A famous religious place
  • Mahadeva Temple: Dedicated to Lord Shiva
  • Sita Khori: A beautiful waterfall
  • Hanuman Mandir: A small roadside temple

Who Heads the National Disaster Management Authority in India?

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the top body in India that looks after disaster-related work. It helps the country stay ready for natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and cyclones. NDMA also guides the government on how to reduce damage and save lives during emergencies. It plays a big role in making disaster management plans and helping people stay safe in tough situations.

Who Heads the NDMA?

The Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio (by position) Chairperson of NDMA. This means that the current Prime Minister automatically becomes the head of the National Disaster Management Authority.

There is also a Vice-Chairperson, who is a Cabinet Minister and 8 other members, usually Ministers of State.

An Overview of NDMA

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the topmost body in India that handles disaster management. It works to keep the country safe from natural and man-made disasters. NDMA was under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. It officially started working in December 2006.

What is NDMA’s Main Work?

NDMA’s main job is to plan and manage how India responds to disasters. It makes policies and gives guidelines to make sure help reaches people quickly and effectively during any disaster.

NDMA’s Wisdom

NDMA wants to build a safe and disaster-resilient India. Its goal is to use technology, involve all stakeholders, and follow a pro-active and sustainable plan. It also promotes a culture of prevention, preparedness and quick response.

Functions of NDMA

NDMA performs many important tasks:

  • Makes and follows disaster management policies.
  • Approves national-level plans and those made by ministries and departments.
  • Helps state governments by giving them clear guidelines.
  • Ensures that disaster prevention is included in all big development plans.
  • Coordinates with different departments and people to carry out plans.
  • Recommends the money needed for disaster relief and rebuilding.
  • Oversees the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM).

In Which State is Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary Located?

India is home to many beautiful wildlife sanctuaries that protect animals, birds and nature. One such sanctuary is known for its rich forests, waterfalls and rare birds. It is located in the southern part of the country and attracts many nature lovers and bird watchers every year. This peaceful place is perfect for enjoying nature and learning about wildlife in a safe and natural environment.

Location of Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary

Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the 21 wildlife sanctuaries found in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is known for its rich forest, rare animals and beautiful mountain views. This peaceful place is perfect for nature lovers, trekkers and bird watchers.

The sanctuary is located in Somwarpet taluk of the Kodago district, Karnataka. It shares borders with Bisle Reserve Forest to the north and Kukke Subramanya forest range to the west.

Mountains and Peaks the Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary

There are many tall mountains in the sanctuary:

  • Pushpagiri or Kumar Parvatha is the highest peak in the area.
  • Other well-known peaks are Mandalpatti, Kote Betta and Makkalagudi Betta.

These mountains are popular for trekking and offer amazing views of nature.

Waterfalls in the Sanctuary

The sanctuary also has beautiful waterfalls:

  • Mallalli Falls
  • Kote Abbe Falls

These waterfalls add to the natural beauty of the forest and attract many visitors.

Wildlife and Forest

Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary is a safe home for many rare and endangered birds. It includes the Kadamakkal Reserve Forest, which is a very rich forest area filled with different types of plants and animals.

Mugilu Pete

One of the most top tourist spots inside the sanctuary is Mandalpatti, also called Mugilu Pete. It is located 18 km north of Madikeri. The peak is 1250 meters above sea level.

Visitors can take rented 4 x 4 vehicles to reach the top and enjoy the cool air and wide view of green hills.

World Heritage Site Proposal

Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary has been proposed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO because of its natural beauty and biodiversity.

SBI Reviving the ‘Amrit Vrishti’ FD Scheme with New Rates

The State Bank of India (SBI) has reintroduced its special Fixed Deposit (FD) scheme called ‘Amrit Vrishti’ from April 15, 2025, with revised interest rates. Initially launched in July 2024, the scheme was concluded on March 31, 2025, after multiple extensions. Now, SBI has brought back this scheme with a modified structure to cater specifically to senior and super-senior citizens, offering them competitive interest rates on their fixed deposits. The scheme aims to mobilize deposits by attracting elderly investors with favorable returns, promoting their long-term financial security.

Key Features of the Revised Amrit Vrishti FD Scheme

Interest Rates for Senior Citizens

  • Senior citizens can now earn an interest rate of 7.55% on their 444-day FD deposits.
  • Super senior citizens (aged 80 years and above) receive an interest rate of 7.65%.
  • These rates are slightly reduced from the previous version, where senior citizens earned 7.75%.

Interest Rates for the General Public

  • The general public will earn an interest rate of 7.05% on the 444-day FD tenure.
  • This marks a reduction from the earlier rate of 7.25% offered under the previous structure.

Tenure

  • The FD scheme offers a unique 444-day tenure, aimed at providing medium-term benefits to investors.

Revised FD Rates Across Other Tenures

  • SBI has also revised interest rates for FDs across various tenures for both the general public and senior citizens
  • 1 year to <2 years: Reduced to 7.20% from 7.30%.
  • 2 years to <3 years: Reduced to 7.40% from 7.50%.
  • These rate reductions align with the market trends and adjustments in the repo rate.

No Deadline for Application

  • One of the notable advantages of the reintroduced ‘Amrit Vrishti’ FD scheme is that no application deadline has been specified. This allows potential investors to apply at their convenience without worrying about missing out on the offer.

Objective of the Scheme

  • The scheme primarily targets senior and super-senior citizens, with the intention of providing them with a secure investment option that guarantees higher returns.
  • SBI aims to tap into the growing demand for senior citizen-friendly financial products with competitive interest rates.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? SBI Reviving the ‘Amrit Vrishti’ FD Scheme with New Rates
Scheme Name Amrit Vrishti FD Scheme
Reintroduced Date April 15, 2025
Tenure 444 days
Interest Rates for Senior Citizens 7.55% (Senior Citizens), 7.65% (Super Senior Citizens)
Interest Rate for General Public 7.05%
No Application Deadline Yes
Objective To target senior and super-senior citizens, offering them higher returns on fixed deposits

India’s First Defence MoU with Slovakia Through JCBL Group

India and Slovakia have signed a significant defence Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at bolstering India’s domestic defence manufacturing capabilities. This agreement, finalized during Indian President Droupadi Murmu’s state visit to Slovakia in April 2025, marks the first of its kind between the two countries. Under the partnership, JCBL Group’s defence unit, Airbornics Defence & Space Pvt. Ltd. (ADSL), will collaborate with Slovakia to develop cutting-edge technologies for next-generation combat vehicles, strengthening India’s indigenous manufacturing initiative. The MoU emphasizes India’s ongoing efforts to reduce its dependency on foreign defence imports by enhancing self-reliance in defence production.

Key Highlights of the MoU

Partnership Between India and Slovakia

  • India and Slovakia have entered into their first defence MoU, focusing on co-developing advanced combat systems for light tanks.
  • The partnership is part of India’s broader strategic goal of increasing self-reliance in defence manufacturing and reducing foreign dependency.

Role of JCBL Group and ADSL

  • JCBL Group’s defence unit, ADSL, will lead the development of critical combat systems, including turrets, active protection systems, remote-controlled weapon systems, and human-machine interface modules.
  • ADSL specializes in aerospace systems, defence platforms, and armored vehicles, holding quality certifications such as ISO 9001:2015 and AS 9100D.

Make-in-India Vision

  • The MoU aligns with the Indian government’s “Make-in-India” vision, which aims to foster indigenous manufacturing capabilities within the country.
  • All manufacturing under this partnership will be conducted in India, supporting the local economy and industry.

Technology Transfer and Co-Development

  • The partnership will facilitate technology transfer from Slovakia to India, enabling the development of combat platforms tailored to complex terrains and high-altitude environments.
  • The focus is on manufacturing light tank systems and related technologies that meet India’s defence requirements.

Potential for Future Defence Exports

  • The collaboration may open doors for future defence exports by combining Slovakia’s technological expertise with India’s manufacturing capabilities.
  • India’s growing defence manufacturing sector is poised to become an important player in global defence markets.

JCBL Group’s Expertise

  • Founded in 1989, JCBL Group has expanded its operations across various sectors, including mobility solutions, defence, railway components, agriculture, and finance.
  • The group’s current valuation is $206.02 million, and it has previously partnered with global brands like Daimler, Toyota, and Harley-Davidson.
Why in the news? India’s First Defence MoU with Slovakia Through JCBL Group
Signing Date April 2025, during Indian President Droupadi Murmu’s state visit to Slovakia
Key Partner JCBL Group’s defence unit, Airbornics Defence & Space Pvt. Ltd. (ADSL)
Focus of Collaboration Co-development of technologies for light tanks, including turrets, protection systems, and weapon systems
Defence MoU Between India and Slovakia
Manufacturing Location All manufacturing will be conducted in India
Technology Transfer Slovakia will transfer advanced combat vehicle technologies to India
Strategic Significance Strengthening India’s defence manufacturing capacity and international partnerships

New York City’s Declaration of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day

In a historic move, New York City Mayor Eric Adams officially proclaimed April 14, 2025, as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day, recognizing the global legacy of the renowned social reformer and architect of the Indian Constitution. This proclamation comes as part of the commemoration of Dr. Ambedkar’s 135th birth anniversary, marking a significant step in honoring his contributions to human rights, justice, and equality. The announcement was made at a special event organized at the United Nations headquarters in New York, where Union Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment Ramdas Athawale delivered the keynote address. The celebration was attended by dignitaries and community leaders, reflecting the universal relevance of Dr. Ambedkar’s ideals.

Key Highlights of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day Proclamation

Proclamation of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day

  • April 14, 2025, was officially proclaimed as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day by the Mayor of New York, Eric Adams.
  • The declaration acknowledges Dr. Ambedkar’s monumental contributions to the fight for social justice, human rights, and equality.

Significance of the Day

  • The day honors the legacy of Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, who played a pivotal role in drafting the Indian Constitution.
  • His advocacy for the rights of Dalits and marginalized communities continues to inspire global movements for equality and justice.

Keynote Address by Ramdas Athawale

  • Ramdas Athawale, Union Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment, delivered the keynote address during the event held at the UN Headquarters.
  • Athawale praised Ambedkar’s contribution to the global fight for equity, representation, and human rights, emphasizing their relevance in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Ambedkar’s Global Legacy

  • Ambedkar’s ideals transcend borders, resonating strongly in the halls of the United Nations and New York—a city deeply rooted in its immigrant heritage and diversity.
  • His fight for the rights of the oppressed and marginalized finds a parallel in the diversity of New York, which thrives on inclusion and opportunity for all.

Symbolic Recognition

  • The proclamation serves as a moral declaration, positioning New York as a global leader in advocating for human rights and justice.
  • The declaration goes beyond symbolism, recognizing Ambedkar’s role as a transformative figure who fought for equality, dignity, and democracy for all marginalized communities.

Ambedkar’s Legacy at Columbia University

  • Before the UN event, Ramdas Athawale paid homage at the statue of Dr. Ambedkar at Columbia University, where Ambedkar earned his PhD in Economics in 1927.
  • The statue at the university serves as a symbol of knowledge and Ambedkar’s relentless pursuit of education despite the adversities of caste and colonial oppression.
Summary/Static Key Details
Why in the news? New York City’s Declaration of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day
Proclamation of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day April 14, 2025, officially recognized as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day by New York City Mayor Eric Adams.
Event Location United Nations Headquarters, New York
Keynote Speaker Ramdas Athawale, Union Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment
Ambedkar’s Role Architect of the Indian Constitution, advocate for Dalits and marginalized communities
Ambedkar’s Education Earned PhD in Economics from Columbia University in 1927.

SBI Card and Tata Digital Launch Co-branded Tata Neu SBI Card

SBI Card, the largest pure-play credit card issuer in India, has partnered with Tata Digital to launch a co-branded credit card aimed at enhancing customer experiences through rewards and exclusive benefits. The Tata Neu SBI Card is available in two variants – the Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card and the Tata Neu Plus SBI Card. Both cards offer a premium shopping experience with significant rewards, lounge access, and various other lifestyle benefits, making it a convenient and rewarding option for consumers.

Key Features of the Tata Neu SBI Card

Variants

  • Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card
  • Tata Neu Plus SBI Card

Reward System

  • Earn up to 10% rewards (NeuCoins) on purchases made at Tata Neu and Tata partner brands with the Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card.
  • Earn up to 7% rewards (NeuCoins) on purchases made at Tata Neu and Tata partner brands with the Tata Neu Plus SBI Card.
  • NeuCoins can be redeemed via the Tata Neu app for a wide range of lifestyle categories like groceries, fashion, and travel.

Additional Benefits

  • Complimentary access to domestic and international airport lounges for Tata Neu Infinity SBI Cardholders.

Spend-based annual fee reversal,

  • For Tata Neu Plus SBI Card: Reversal after an annual spend of Rs 1,00,000.
  • For Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card: Reversal after an annual spend of Rs 3,00,000.
  • Up to 5% back on bill payments made via the Tata Neu platform.
  • 1.5% cashback on UPI transactions with the RuPay variant.

Joining and Annual Fee

  • Tata Neu Plus SBI Card: Rs 499 (plus taxes).
  • Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card: Rs 1,499 (plus taxes).

Exclusive Partner Brands

  • The cards work with brands like Air India, Big Basket, Croma, Taj Hotels, Tanishq, Titan, Westside, and more, offering discounts and rewards.

Application Process

  • Apply digitally via the SBI Card SPRINT platform or offline at select Croma stores.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? SBI Card and Tata Digital Launch Co-branded Tata Neu SBI Card
Card Variants Tata Neu Plus SBI Card, Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card
Reward System Up to 10% NeuCoins on Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card, up to 7% on Tata Neu Plus SBI Card
Reward Redemption NeuCoins can be redeemed on Tata Neu app for groceries, travel, fashion, etc.
Additional Benefits Complimentary lounge access, spend-based annual fee reversal, up to 5% back on bill payments
Joining & Annual Fee Tata Neu Plus SBI Card: Rs 499, Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card: Rs 1499
Partner Brands Air India, Big Basket, Tata CLiQ, Taj Hotels, Titan, Tanishq, Croma, Westside, and more
Application Process Apply via SBI Card SPRINT or offline at select Croma stores
Annual Fee Reversal Tata Neu Plus SBI Card: Rs 1,00,000 spend, Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card: Rs 3,00,000 spend

World Liver Day 2025, Date, Theme, Significance

World Liver Day is observed every year on April 19 to raise awareness about liver health, disease prevention, and the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle. The theme for 2025 – “Food is Medicine” – emphasizes the vital role of nutrition in protecting and healing the liver. Since the liver is responsible for detoxification, digestion, and energy storage, a balanced diet and conscious lifestyle changes can significantly enhance its performance and resilience. This day serves as a reminder that small, informed choices in our daily food intake can become powerful tools in the fight against liver diseases.\

Introduction

  • World Liver Day is observed every year on April 19 to spread awareness about liver-related diseases and promote liver health globally.
  • The day serves as a reminder that the liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolism, detoxification, immunity, and nutrient processing.
  • In 2025, the theme “Food is Medicine” highlights how adopting a healthy and balanced diet can prevent liver disorders and promote long-term well-being.

Significance of the Liver

  • The liver is the largest internal organ and one of the most critical for survival.
  • Located in the upper right abdomen, it performs over 500 essential functions such as breaking down toxins, aiding digestion, regulating blood sugar, and producing essential proteins.
  • A healthy liver maintains hormonal balance, filters harmful substances, and supports immunity—making its care crucial.

Key Functions of the Liver

Metabolism of nutrients

  • The liver converts carbohydrates into glucose and stores excess glucose as glycogen.
  • It also breaks down fats into usable energy and converts amino acids for protein synthesis.

Detoxification

  • The liver filters and neutralizes toxins from food, alcohol, drugs, and environmental pollutants.
  • These toxins are then eliminated from the body through bile or urine.

Bile production

  • The liver produces bile, a fluid essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.

Immune regulation and storage

  • It stores important vitamins (A, D, E, K) and minerals like iron and copper.
  • It also plays a key role in fighting infections by producing immune factors.

2025 Theme Explained: “Food is Medicine”

  • This year’s theme emphasizes the role of nutrition in preventing and reversing liver damage.
  • Poor dietary habits—such as excess intake of processed foods, sugar, saturated fats, and alcohol—are major contributors to liver diseases like fatty liver and cirrhosis.
  • A diet rich in fiber, antioxidants, healthy fats, and plant-based foods can reduce inflammation, improve liver enzyme levels, and support regeneration.
  • The theme also encourages public policy changes, such as promoting healthy school meals, food labeling, and awareness campaigns.

Common Liver Diseases

Fatty Liver Disease

  • Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is caused by obesity, diabetes, and poor diet.
  • Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) results from excessive alcohol intake.
  • Both can progress to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis if untreated.

Hepatitis (Types B and C)

  • These are viral infections that lead to chronic liver inflammation and damage.
  • They are transmitted through infected blood or body fluids and can cause liver failure or cancer.

Liver Cirrhosis

  • This is a late-stage liver disease marked by scarring (fibrosis) due to long-term damage.
  • Common causes include chronic hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and autoimmune disorders.

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

  • Often develops from cirrhosis or long-term hepatitis infections.
  • Early symptoms may be silent; later signs include pain, weight loss, and jaundice.

Acute and Chronic Liver Failure

  • Caused by viral infections, drug overdoses (like paracetamol), or genetic conditions.
  • It leads to loss of liver function, confusion, and bleeding issues—requiring urgent medical care or transplant.

Risk Factors for Liver Disease

  • Excessive Alcohol Consumption
  • Unhealthy Diet and Obesity
  • Hepatitis Infections
  • Environmental Toxins and Drugs
  • Genetic and Autoimmune Conditions

Tips for a Healthy Liver

  • Follow a nutritious diet
  • Exercise regularly
  • Limit alcohol consumption
  • Get vaccinated
  • Stay hydrated and get liver function tests
  • Avoid self-medication

What is the Full Form of VDRL? Know Everything About It

The VDRL test, also known as the Veneral Disease Research Laboratory test, is a simple blood test used to check for syphilis, a type of sexually transmitted infection. It does not find the bacteria directly but looks for special proteins called antibodies made by the body. This test helps doctors find the infection early, even if there are no symptoms and start proper treatment.

Full Form of VDRL

The full form of VDRL is Veneral Disease Research Laboratory. It is a simple blood test used to check if a person has syphilis, which is a type of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI). Syphilis is caused by a harmful bacterium called Treponema pallidum. This bacterium can enter the body through the mouth or private parts and cause infection.

What Does the VDRL Test Do?

The VDRL test does not directly find the bacteria that cause syphilis. Instead, it checks if your body has made antibodies to fight the infection. These antibodies are made when the body’s cells are damaged by the bacteria. If these antibodies are present in your blood, it may mean you have syphilis.

When is the VDRL Test Needed?

Doctors may advise a VDRL test if they think someone might have syphilis. Some early signs of syphilis include:

  • A small, painless sore
  • Swollen glands near the sore
  • A rash that does not

Even without symptoms, doctors might still suggest the test. For example, pregnant women are often tested as a part of regular checkups. Also, if someone has another STI like gonorrhea, or if they have HIV or had unsafe sex, doctors may recommend this test.

How is the VDRL Test Done?

To do the VDRL test:

  • A small amount of blood is taken from your arm or hand.
  • The blood is sent to a lab to check for syphilis antibodies.
  • Usually, you don’t need to fast or stop any medicines before the test.

In some serious cases, if the doctor thinks the infection may have spread to your brain, they might also test your spinal fluid.

Understanding the VDRL Test Results

  • Negative Result: No antibodies found. You likely don’t have syphilis.
  • Positive Result: Antibodies found. You might have syphilis, but other tests are needed to confirm.

One important test used after a positive VDRL result is called the Treponemal test, which checks for specific antibodies made against the bacteria Treponema pallidum.

Significance of VDRL Test

Syphilis can be curd with proper treatment. But if left untreated, it can spread in the body and harm important organs. The VDRL test helps doctors find syphilis early so treatment can start quickly.

In FY25 Engineering, Textile, and Apparel Exports Witness Over 6% Growth

India’s exports in the engineering, textile, and apparel sectors have shown a strong performance in the financial year 2024–2025. According to data released by the Commerce Ministry, each of these sectors recorded over 6% growth compared to the previous fiscal year. This growth comes amid evolving global trade patterns and shifting geopolitical relationships, especially between the U.S. and China, which have opened up new opportunities and posed new challenges for Indian exporters.

Key Highlights

Engineering Goods Exports

  • Registered a 6.74% year-on-year growth in FY25.
  • Export value rose from $109.3 billion (FY24) to $116.67 billion (FY25).

Concerns

  • Additional U.S. tariffs on iron, steel, and auto components may impact future growth.
  • Possible $4–5 billion annual loss in shipments to the U.S.
  • Increased competition from China in alternative markets as it redirects exports due to trade tensions with the U.S.

Textile and Apparel Exports

  • Grew 6.32% in FY25 compared to FY24.
  • Apparel exports were the key driver, rising by 10.03%.
  • The industry sees a strategic opening as the U.S. looks to diversify sourcing away from China.

Market Impact and Challenges

  • March 2024: Indian engineering goods exports dipped 4% YoY to $10.82 billion, down from $11.27 billion in March 2023, due to global trade instability.
  • Global trade war impacts are already visible, with rising trade barriers and shifting supply chains.
  • Exporters urge for policy support and diversification to withstand global competition.

Opportunities

  • U.S.–China trade war opens space for India to become a trusted alternative supplier.
  • With effective trade diplomacy and incentives, India can expand its footprint in global markets.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? In FY25 Engineering, Textile, and Apparel Exports Witness Over 6% Growth
Engineering Goods  – Grew by 6.74% YoY: $109.3B (FY24) → $116.67B (FY25)
– Faces U.S. tariff risks on iron, steel, and auto parts
– Potential $4–5B loss in exports to U.S.
– China competition rising due to trade diversions
Textile & Apparel – Grew by 6.32% YoY
– Apparel exports up 10.03%, driving overall growth
– India gains from U.S. shifting away from China
– Industry sees long-term opportunity despite global tensions
SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_15.1
SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_16.1

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