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SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF

The SBI Clerk Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation.

To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI Clerk Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI Clerk Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI Clerk Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI Clerk Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI Clerk General Awareness PDF (Part-1 and 2): Click Here

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Topics Covered in the SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI Clerk is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.
Featured

States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

What Is Lapu-Lapu Day?

Why in News?

Lapu-Lapu Day, observed on April 27, commemorates the courage of Datu Lapulapu, a pre-colonial Filipino chieftain who led the historic Battle of Mactan in 1521, where Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan was defeated and killed. The day has gained international recognition, with British Columbia, Canada, officially recognizing Lapu-Lapu Day in 2023, celebrating the legacy of Filipino resistance and honoring the Filipino-Canadian community.

Introduction

Datu Lapulapu was the first Filipino hero to resist foreign colonization. On April 27, 1521, he led his warriors in defeating Spanish forces in the Battle of Mactan, refusing to bow to foreign rule. In 2017, then-President Rodrigo Duterte declared April 27 as Lapu-Lapu Day in the Philippines, recognizing it as a special working holiday nationwide and a non-working holiday in Lapu-Lapu City.

Celebrations are held across the country and in Filipino communities abroad, especially in Canada, where Filipinos make up one of the largest immigrant populations. The observance promotes Filipino pride, heritage, and unity.

Key Facts / Quick Summary

Topic Details
Name Lapu-Lapu Day
Related to Culture / History / Diaspora
Location Philippines and British Columbia, Canada
Implemented by Government of the Philippines; British Columbia Legislature
Date April 27 (annually)
Special Feature Holiday in Lapu-Lapu City; Community festivals in Canada and the Philippines

Lapu-Lapu Day honors the bravery, independence, and identity of the Filipino people. It celebrates resistance to colonization and the enduring legacy of Datu Lapulapu as a symbol of national pride. In Canada, the day also acknowledges the cultural contributions of the Filipino-Canadian community, especially in cities like Vancouver, where Filipinos make up nearly 6 percent of the population.

Lapu-Lapu Day in the Philippines

  • Declared in 2017 as a special working holiday nationwide
  • A non-working holiday in Lapu-Lapu City, located on Mactan Island, where the battle took place
  • Celebrations include:
  1. Reenactments of the Battle of Mactan
  2. Street parades and cultural performances
  3. Heritage markets and historical exhibitions

Lapu-Lapu Day in Canada

  • Recognized in British Columbia in 2023
  • Honors the growing Filipino-Canadian population
  • Vancouver hosts the Lapu-Lapu Day Block Party, featuring:
  1. Traditional Filipino food and music
  2. Cultural dances and heritage parades
  3. Basketball tournaments, film screenings, and community markets
  • Viewed as a way to preserve Filipino identity abroad and educate future generations

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_6.1

GenomeIndia Project: India Unlocks National Genetic Resource for Research and Innovation”

The GenomeIndia Project, spearheaded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), has achieved a landmark by completing Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) of over 10,000 individuals across India. With the national data archived at the Indian Biological Data Center (IBDC), the government has now enabled access to researchers under established protocols, reinforcing its commitment to scientific advancement and sustainable development.

Why in the news?

On April 30, 2025, the Government of India officially announced that the GenomeIndia data is now accessible to Indian researchers. It follows the Prime Minister’s dedication of the GenomeIndia dataset on January 9, 2025, during the Genomics Data Conclave.

Purpose

  • To build a national genetic database representing India’s population diversity.
  • To democratize access to genomic data for Indian researchers.

Aim

  • Facilitate translational research in genomics and health.
  • Advance precision medicine and healthcare policy formulation.
  • Enable discoveries in biology, disease, and heritage through data-driven science.

Significance

  • One of the largest whole genome databases in Asia.
  • Crucial for addressing India-specific diseases, drug response patterns, and ancestry studies.
  • Boosts India’s scientific capabilities, healthcare R&D, and global genomic standing.
  • Supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) like SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-being) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).

Background

  • IBDC (Indian Biological Data Centre) was set up in March 2020 with advanced computational infrastructure.
  • Biotech-PRIDE Guidelines (2021) and FeED Protocols were formulated for ethical, transparent data sharing.
  • WGS completed for 9772 samples; phenotypic data cleaned for 9330 samples.

 Important Details

  • Funded by: Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India

Dataset includes,

  • FASTQ files (700 TB)
  • gVCF files (35 TB)
  • Phenotypic data for 9330 individuals
  • 27 critical phenotype variables (e.g., Hemoglobin, Cholesterol, Fasting Glucose)
  • Anthropometric data (e.g., Age, Gender, Height, Weight, Body Fat)
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated the data on Jan 9, 2025.
  • President Droupadi Murmu emphasized its national significance during her Republic Day eve address.

Other Points

  • Researchers can apply beyond the formal “Call for Proposals”.
  • FASTQ files are not downloadable due to size and security concerns—access is provided via cloud interface.
  • This model aligns with international data-sharing practices.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? GenomeIndia data opened to researchers
Purpose Build a national genomic data repository
Aim Enable research, innovation, and personalized medicine
Significance National-level scientific infrastructure; supports health R&D
Launch/Key Date PM Modi dedicated data on Jan 9, 2025
Key Stakeholders DBT, IBDC, PMO, researchers, health & biotech ecosystem

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_8.1

Centre Clears Greenfield NH-6 Corridor Linking Meghalaya and Assam

The Shillong–Silchar Greenfield Corridor project is a strategic infrastructure initiative that aims to enhance connectivity in the Northeast, especially between Meghalaya and Assam. This 4-lane access-controlled corridor spans 166.80 km, mostly through hilly terrain, and is expected to boost logistics, tourism, employment, and inter-state economic integration. It also aligns with PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan and Atmanirbhar Bharat.

Why in the News?

The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the development of a 166.80 km Greenfield High-Speed Corridor from Mawlyngkhung (near Shillong, Meghalaya) to Panchgram (near Silchar, Assam) on National Highway-06 (NH-06) under the Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM) at a capital cost of ₹22,864 crore.

Project Specifications

  • Name: Development of Shillong–Silchar Greenfield Corridor (NH-06)
  • Total Length: 166.80 km (144.80 km in Meghalaya, 22.00 km in Assam)
  • Contribution: Centre
  • Total Capital Cost: ₹22,864 crore
  • Civil Construction Cost: ₹12,087 crore
  • Land Acquisition Cost: ₹3,503 crore
  • Mode of Implementation: Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM)

Geographical Coverage

  • States Covered: Meghalaya and Assam
  • Districts Traversed
  • Meghalaya: Ri Bhoi, East Khasi Hills, West Jaintia Hills, East Jaintia Hills
  • Assam: Cachar District

Transport Nodes & Major Connections

  • Connected Highways: NH-27, NH-106, NH-206, NH-37
  • Airports Nearby: Guwahati Airport, Shillong Airport, Silchar Airport
  • Cities/Towns Covered: Shillong, Silchar, Guwahati, Diengpasoh, Ummulong, Khlieriat, Umkiang, Kalain, etc.

Strategic & Economic Impact

  • Reduces travel time and distance between Shillong–Silchar–Guwahati
  • Enhances connectivity to Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, and Barak Valley
  • Boosts local cement and coal industries in Meghalaya
  • Improves logistics efficiency, promoting trade, tourism, and employment
  • Decongests existing NH-06, improving traffic flow

Employment & Traffic Impact

Estimated Employment Generation

  • Direct: 74 lakh man-days
  • Indirect: 93 lakh man-days
  • Estimated Traffic (FY-2025): 19,000–20,000 PCUs
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Centre Clears Greenfield NH-6 Corridor Linking Meghalaya and Assam
Project Name Shillong–Silchar Greenfield Corridor (NH-06)
Total Length 166.80 km
States Involved Meghalaya & Assam
Capital Cost ₹22,864 crore
Implementation Mode Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM)
Major Highways Connected NH-27, NH-106, NH-206, NH-37
Airports Connected Guwahati, Shillong, Silchar
Major Cities Linked Shillong, Silchar, Guwahati
Contribution Central Government

 

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_10.1

What is the Papal Conclave?

Why in the News?

As the Catholic Church prepares for the 2025 Papal Conclave, global attention is focused on the selection of the next Pope. This follows the anticipated resignation or passing of the current Pope, marking the beginning of a sede vacante—a period when the papal seat becomes vacant. The conclave is expected to bring together eligible cardinals from around the world to elect a spiritual leader who will shape the future direction of the Church.

Introduction

The Papal Conclave is the formal process by which the Catholic Church elects a new Pope. It is one of the oldest and most sacred traditions in Christianity. The word conclave means “with a key,” referring to the locked doors behind which cardinals meet in secrecy. The conclave is held in the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City, and only cardinals under the age of 80 are eligible to vote. The process continues until one candidate secures a two-thirds majority.

Key Facts / Summary Table

Topic Details
Name Papal Conclave 2025
Related to Religion / Global Affairs
Location Vatican City
Implemented by Roman Catholic Church
Date Expected in 2025
Special Feature Cardinals under 80 vote in secrecy; election requires a two-thirds majority

The Pope is not just the spiritual leader of over 1.3 billion Catholics, but also a global influencer on social, ethical, and political matters. The new Pope will face challenges such as secularism, Church reforms, abuse scandals, and geopolitical tensions. Therefore, the conclave is significant not just for Catholics, but for the entire world.

Features / Characteristics

What is the Papal Conclave?

  • The Papal Conclave occurs when the papacy becomes vacant due to death or resignation.
  • The process is governed by the document Universi Dominici Gregis (UDG).
  • Eligible cardinals meet in secrecy inside the Sistine Chapel, disconnected from the outside world.
  • Voting is done up to four times per day, and continues until a two-thirds majority is achieved.
  • Once elected, the new Pope is announced to the world by the appearance of white smoke from the Vatican chimney.

What Determines the Papal Conclave?

  1. Conclave Rules:
    The rules laid out in Universi Dominici Gregis ensure cardinals stay isolated. Voting is secret and secure, encouraging compromise and eliminating external interference.

  2. Ideological Divisions Among Cardinals:

  • Reformists: Favor modern reforms, inclusivity, climate advocacy, and social justice. They support Pope Francis’s approach to pastoral openness.
  • Conservatives: Prefer tradition, doctrinal clarity, and moral discipline. They are concerned that too much reform weakens the Church’s core teachings.

   3. Influence and Negotiation:

  • Certain influential cardinals, known as “great electors,” shape the outcome by building alliances and directing consensus.
  • Pre-conclave meetings allow even non-voting cardinals (over 80) to express views and guide the electors.

   4. Global Church Needs: With challenges like declining Church attendance in Europe, growing Catholicism in Africa and Asia, and internal debates on LGBTQ+ rights and women’s roles, the next Pope must balance spiritual leadership with global diplomacy.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_12.1

Liverpool Crowned 2024–25 Premier League Champions

The 2024–25 Premier League season saw a dominant performance by Liverpool Football Club under the new management of Arne Slot, who replaced legendary manager Jürgen Klopp. Liverpool clinched the title with 82 points from 34 games, leading by 15 points over second-placed Arsenal. The Reds sealed the triumph with a thumping 5-1 win against Tottenham Hotspur, featuring goals from key players like Mohamed Salah, Luis Diaz, and Cody Gakpo, alongside an own goal from Destiny Udogie.

Why in the News?

Liverpool have been crowned Premier League Champions for the 2024–25 season after a stunning 5-1 win over Tottenham Hotspur at Anfield Stadium. With this victory, they have lifted their 20th top-division title, equaling Manchester United’s record in English football.

Match Result

  • Liverpool defeated Tottenham Hotspur 5-1 at Anfield to confirm their championship.

League Title Count

  • This is Liverpool’s 20th English top-division title, tying with Manchester United for most in history.

New Manager Impact

  • Arne Slot, in his first season replacing Jürgen Klopp, matched Klopp’s feat of winning a Premier League title.

2024–25 Season Stats (as of title win) of Liverpool

  • Matches Played: 34
  • Wins: 25
  • Draws: 7
  • Losses: 2
  • Points: 82
  • Lead Over 2nd Place (Arsenal): 15 point

Significance

  • Second Premier League title in the Premier League era (since 1992), both coming in a 5-year span.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Liverpool Crowned 2024–25 Premier League Champions
Champion Club Liverpool FC
Title Number 20 (Ties with Manchester United)
Head Coach Arne Slot (First Season)
Top Scorer Mohamed Salah (28 goals)

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_14.1

Cabinet Hikes Sugarcane Price for 2025–26 Season

In a significant move to safeguard the interests of sugarcane farmers, the Union Cabinet has approved the FRP of ₹355/qtl for the 2025-26 season, which begins from October 1, 2025. This rate is based on a basic recovery rate of 10.25%, with additional premiums and protections built in for both high and low recovery percentages. This decision will directly benefit the agricultural economy and promote stability in the agro-based sugar sector.

Why in the News?

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) of sugarcane for the sugar season 2025–26 at ₹355 per quintal, benefiting around 5 crore sugarcane farmers and 5 lakh sugar mill workers.

Key Decisions

  • FRP Fixed: ₹355 per quintal for a basic recovery rate of 10.25% for the sugar season 2025–26 (October to September).
  • Incentive Clause: ₹3.46/qtl premium for every 0.1% increase in sugar recovery above 10.25%.
  • Deduction Clause: ₹3.46/qtl reduction for every 0.1% decrease in recovery below 10.25%.
  • Protection for Low Recovery Farmers: No deductions for sugar mills with less than 9.5% recovery rate. Such farmers will receive a minimum of ₹329.05/qtl.
  • Cost of Production: Estimated at ₹173/qtl (A2 + FL), making the new FRP 105.2% higher than production cost.
  • Year-on-Year Hike: The approved FRP is 4.41% higher than the FRP for the sugar season 2024–25.

Beneficiaries

  • Around 5 crore sugarcane farmers and their dependents.
  • Around 5 lakh workers directly employed in sugar mills.
  • Thousands involved in ancillary activities (transportation, labor, etc.)

Implementation Date

  • Effective from 1st October 2025.

Dues Cleared

  • 2023–24: Out of ₹1,11,782 crore, ₹1,11,703 crore (99.92%) paid.
  • 2024–25 (as of April 28, 2025): Out of ₹97,270 crore, ₹85,094 crore (87%) paid.

FRP Determination

  • Based on recommendations by Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) and consultations with State Governments and stakeholders.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Cabinet Hikes Sugarcane Price for 2025–26 Season
Sugar Season 2025–26 (Oct–Sep)
Approved FRP ₹355/qtl @ 10.25% recovery rate
Increase over Production Cost 105.2%
Year-on-Year Increase in FRP 4.41% over 2024–25
Beneficiaries 5 crore farmers + 5 lakh mill workers
Incentive (per 0.1% > 10.25%) ₹3.46/qtl
Deduction (per 0.1% < 10.25%) ₹3.46/qtl
Given By Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_16.1

Top 10 Wealthiest Families in Asia 2025 Revealed by Bloomberg

Bloomberg has released its much-awaited list of the Top 20 Wealthiest Families in Asia for 2025. Six Indian families feature among Asia’s richest, with the Ambani family topping the chart with a combined wealth of $90.5 billion (₹7.85 lakh crore). This list highlights Asia’s legacy business empires that have evolved through generations, particularly in India where family-run conglomerates dominate the corporate landscape.

Background / Introduction

Asia has long been a hub of powerful business dynasties, and this year’s rankings underscore the regional economic influence of multi-generational families. In India, legacies like Reliance, Birla, and Bajaj are examples of family-owned empires that have diversified and grown globally. Bloomberg’s 2025 list excludes first-generation billionaire entrepreneurs and focuses solely on families that have passed on wealth through at least one generation.

Key Facts / Quick Summary Table

Topic Details
Name Asia’s Richest Families 2025
Related to Economy / Business Families
Location Asia (Focus: India, Thailand, Indonesia, etc.)
Implemented by Bloomberg
Date January 31, 2025
Special Feature India has 6 families in Asia’s top 20 list

Purpose / Role / Significance

The list reflects how wealth has been sustained and expanded across generations. It helps evaluate not just personal fortunes, but the long-term resilience and growth of family-run enterprises. For India, this also serves as a testament to the country’s deep-rooted entrepreneurial culture, economic influence, and the strength of its legacy corporate houses in shaping both domestic and global business landscapes.

Features / Characteristics

Top 10 Richest Families in Asia – 2025

Rank Family Name Company Wealth Location Generations
1 Ambani Reliance Industries $90.5B India 3
2 Chearavanont Charoen Pokphand Group $42.6B Thailand 4
3 Hartono Djarum, Bank Central Asia $42.2B Indonesia 3
4 Mistry Shapoorji Pallonji Group $37.5B India 5
5 Kwok Sun Hung Kai Properties $35.6B Hong Kong 3
6 Tsai Cathay Financial, Fubon Financial $30.9B Taiwan 3
7 Jindal OP Jindal Group $28.1B India 3
8 Yoovidhya TCP Group $25.7B Thailand 2
9 Birla Aditya Birla Group $23.0B India 7
10 Lee Samsung $22.7B South Korea 3

Maharashtra Diwas 2025: Origin, History, Significance & Celebration

Maharashtra Diwas, also known as Maharashtra Day or Maharashtra Din, is celebrated every year on May 1st to commemorate the formation of the state of Maharashtra in 1960. The state was created following the division of the Bombay State along linguistic lines, recognizing the Marathi-speaking population’s cultural and political aspirations. The day is celebrated with patriotic zeal and a showcase of Maharashtra’s heritage, cultural pride, and achievements over the decades.

Why in the news?

Maharashtra Will observe and celebrate the State foundation day on 1st of May.

Key Facts about Maharashtra Diwas

  • Date Observed: May 1 (Annually)
  • Established: On May 1, 1960, under the Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960
  • Basis for Formation: Linguistic and cultural identity of Marathi-speaking people
  • Capital: Mumbai (formerly Bombay)
  • Celebrations: Parades, flag hoisting, cultural events, and new project launches
  • Significance: Honors the struggles for linguistic recognition and statehood
  • Commission Involved: States Reorganisation Commission

Historical Background

  • Prior to 1960, Maharashtra was part of the large Bombay State, which included modern-day Maharashtra, Gujarat, and parts of Madhya Pradesh.
  • The Bombay State was linguistically diverse, comprising speakers of Marathi, Gujarati, Kutchi, and Konkani.
  • The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC), formed in 1953, suggested the reorganization of Indian states on linguistic lines.
  • This led to the passing of the Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960, which divided Bombay State into two separate states — Maharashtra and Gujarat — on May 1, 1960.
  • Mumbai became the capital of Maharashtra, recognizing its economic and historical importance to the Marathi-speaking population.

Significance of Maharashtra Diwas

  • The day marks the recognition of Marathi language, identity, and culture, which had been long overshadowed in a multilingual administrative setup.
  • Maharashtra Diwas is a symbol of pride for the state’s people, recalling the efforts and sacrifices made by leaders and activists for a separate state.
  • It reinforces the value of linguistic harmony, regional identity, and statehood aspirations in India’s democratic structure.
  • Over the decades, Maharashtra has emerged as a cultural, industrial, and financial powerhouse, and the day is also used to highlight the state’s achievements.

Celebrations and Activities

  • Flag hoisting ceremonies are held in government offices and educational institutions across the state.
  • Parades, marches, and cultural programs are organized in Mumbai and other major cities.
  • Government officials, including the Governor and Chief Minister, give speeches highlighting the state’s development.
  • The state often uses this occasion to inaugurate developmental projects and launch new policies.
  • Schools, colleges, and local bodies conduct essay writing, singing, and drama competitions focused on Maharashtra’s history and culture.
  • Maharashtra Diwas also promotes tourism, with many visitors attending local cultural festivals and exhibitions.

Maharashtra Today

  • Maharashtra is India’s second-most populous state and a major contributor to the nation’s economy.
  • Mumbai, its capital, is known as the financial capital of India.
  • The state is rich in cultural traditions, home to historical forts, folk arts like Lavani and Tamasha, and major festivals such as Ganesh Chaturthi.
  • It is a hub for education, industry, film (Bollywood), and agriculture, playing a critical role in national growth.

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List of Chief of Indian Army Staff from 1947 to 2025

The Indian Army, since its inception post-independence in 1947, has seen a distinguished line of leaders at its helm. These Chiefs of Army Staff (COAS) have played pivotal roles in shaping the force into one of the largest and most formidable armies in the world. Here, we provide a comprehensive list of the Indian Army Chiefs from 1947 to 2025, highlighting their contributions and tenures.

General Upendra Dwivedi assumed the position of the 30th Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of India on June 30, 2024, succeeding General Manoj Pande, who retired after more than four decades of distinguished service. Prior to this appointment, General Dwivedi served as the Vice Chief of Army Staff from February 2024 and was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Northern Command from February 2022 to February 2024.

Who is the Indian Army Chief

The Chief of Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army serves as the head of the military staff and the chairman of the Indian Army Board. This position is always held by a four-star general. As the senior-most officer in the Indian Army, the COAS acts as a military advisor to the Government of India and the Ministry of Defence.

List of Chief of Army Staff from 1947 to 2025

The Indian Army has seen numerous leaders who have contributed to the nation’s defense and security. From its formation post-independence to the present day, the role of the Chief of Army Staff has evolved, reflecting the changing dynamics of military strategy and governance.

Here is the complete list of Chief of Army Staff from 1947 to 2025:

Name Tenure
General Sir Robert Lockhart 15 Aug 1947 – 31 Dec 1947
General Sir Roy Bucher 01 Jan 1948 – 14 Jan 1949
Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa 15 Jan 1949 – 14 Jan 1953
General K. S. Rajendra Singhji 15 Jan 1953 – 14 May 1955
General S. M. Srinagesh 15 May 1955 – 07 May 1977
General K. S. Thimayya 08 May 1977 – 07 May 1961
General P. N. Thapar 08 May 1961 – 19 Nov 1962
General J. N. Chaudhuri 20 Nov 1962 – 07 Jan 1966
General P. P. Kumaramangalam 08 Jan 1966 – 07 Jan 1969
General S. H. F. J. Manekshaw 08 Jan 1969 – 14 Jan 1973
General G. G. Bewoor 15 Jan 1973 – 31 May 1975
General T. N. Raina 01 Jan 1975 – 31 May 1978
General O. P. Malhotra 01 Jan 1978 – 31 May 1981
General K. V. Krishna Rao 01 Jun 1981 – 31 Jul 1983
General A. S. Vaidya 01 Aug 1983 – 31 Jan 1986
General K. Sundarji 01 Feb 1986 – 30 Apr 1988
General V. N. Sharma 01 May 1988 – 30 Jun 1990
General S. F. Rodrigues 01 Jul 1990 – 30 Jun 1993
General B. C. Joshi 01 Jul 1993 – 18 Nov 1994
General S. Roychowdhury 22 Nov 1994 – 30 Sep 1997
General V. P. Malik 01 Oct 1997 – 30 Sep 2000
General S. Padmanabhan 01 Oct 2000 – 31 Dec 2002
General N. C. Vij 01 Jan 2003 – 31 Jan 2005
General J. J. Singh 01 Feb 2005 – 30 Sep 2007
General Deepak Kapoor 30 Sep 2007 – 30 Mar 2010
General V. K. Singh 31 Mar 2010 – 31 May 2012
General Bikram Singh 01 Ju 2012 – 31 Jul 2014
General Dalbir Singh Suhag 31 Jul 2014 – 31 Dec 2016
General Bipin Rawat 31 Dec 2016 – 31 Dec 2019
General Manoj Mukund Naravane 31 Dec 2019 – 30 Apr 2022
General Manoj Pande 30 Apr 2022 – 30 Jun 2024
General Upendra Dwivedi Effective from 30 June 2024

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Gujarat Statehood Day, Date, History, Celebrations

Gujarat Formation Day, also known as Gujarat Sthapana Divas, is celebrated annually on May 1st to commemorate the establishment of the state of Gujarat in 1960, following the bifurcation of the Bombay State on linguistic lines. The creation of Gujarat, fueled by the Mahagujarat Movement, marked the recognition of the Gujarati-speaking population’s cultural and administrative identity. The day is observed with parades, flag hoisting, cultural programs, and developmental project inaugurations across the state.

Why in the news?

On the 1st of May, State of Gujarat celebrate its Sthapana Divas (Statehood Day), when state got its status on the name of Gujarat on 1st of May, 1960.

Historical Background of Gujarat Formation

  • Bombay State, post-independence, was a bilingual state comprising both Marathi and Gujarati-speaking regions.
  • Demand for linguistic states led to movements nationwide, including the Mahagujarat Andolan.
  • The idea of a separate Gujarat was first mooted in 1937 by KM Munshi at the Gujarat Sahitya Sabha in Karachi.
  • The Mahagujarat Janata Parishad was formed under Indulal Yagnik, who played a key role in mobilizing public support.
  • Gujarat became a separate state on May 1, 1960, under the Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960.
  • Saurashtra and Kutch regions were merged into Gujarat.
  • Ahmedabad was the initial administrative capital before it shifted to Gandhinagar in 1970.

Importance of Gujarat Formation Day

  • It commemorates the struggles and sacrifices of leaders and citizens during the Mahagujarat Movement.
  • Reinforces cultural identity and linguistic pride among Gujaratis.
  • Highlights the state’s progress in industrialization, infrastructure, and education.
  • Provides a platform to reflect on Gujarat’s achievements and envision future growth.
  • The day fosters unity, regional pride, and community participation.

Key Facts About Gujarat’s Development

  • 2nd largest onshore crude oil producer and 4th largest in natural gas production.
  • Known as the Petroleum Capital of India, with major reserves in Ankleshwar, Mehsana, Hazira, Bharuch, and others.
  • Accounts for 72% of global processed diamonds and 80% of India’s diamond exports.
  • Produces 65–70% of India’s denim, making it the largest in India and 3rd largest globally.
  • Has 60 notified Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and is a leading industrial state.
  • Home to 8 chemical clusters, 14 industrial estates, and 3 petrochemical SEZs.
  • Gujarat has 42 ports and 18 operational airports, ranking first in logistics infrastructure in India.

Houses major educational institutions

  • 3 Central Universities
  • 22 State Universities
  • 32 Private Universities
  • 238 Engineering Colleges (AICTE approved)
  • 422 ITIs, 145 Polytechnic Institutes, 74 Pharmacy Colleges, 4 Agricultural Universities

Demographics & Culture

  • Gujarat has a population of 60.4 million, making up 5% of India’s population.
  • Over 65% of its population belongs to the working-age group (15–59 years).
  • Known for rich cultural traditions and fairs such as Kavant, Tarnetar, and Shamlaji.
  • Celebrated for folk dances, handicrafts, and spiritual festivals.

Gujarat Formation Day 2025 Celebrations

  • Main celebrations were held in Godhra, Panchmahal district.
  • Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel inaugurated/lays foundation for projects worth ₹644.72 crore.

Projects included

  • IG Police Office
  • RTO Building
  • Bypass Road
  • Ropeway Extension at Pavagadh
  • Lithium Iron Battery Processing Plant
  • Governor Acharya Devvrat also attended.

Events included

  • Weapons Exhibition by Gujarat Police
  • Police Band Parade
  • Cultural Evening Program with felicitation of prominent citizens

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