CRPF Celebrates 87th Foundation Day: History, Role, and Legacy

The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), one of India’s most prestigious paramilitary forces, celebrates its 87th Foundation Day on July 27, 2025. Since its inception in 1939, the CRPF has played a pivotal role in maintaining internal security and safeguarding India from external and internal threats. With its motto “Service and Loyalty”, the CRPF continues to stand as a symbol of dedication, bravery, and resilience.

Historical Background

The CRPF traces its origins to July 27, 1939, when it was founded as the Crown Representative Police to handle unrest in the princely states during the colonial era. Following India’s independence, the force was formally reorganized and renamed the Central Reserve Police Force on December 28, 1949, through an Act of Parliament.

The initiative was supported by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India’s first Home Minister, who envisioned a strong force capable of maintaining law and order in a newly independent India. The CRPF has since grown into one of the largest and most decorated paramilitary forces in the country.

Why CRPF is Special

Women Battalions

The CRPF is the only paramilitary force in India with six women battalions, beginning with the 88 (M) Battalion in 1986. These units, headquartered in Delhi, are crucial for handling women’s agitations with sensitivity and efficiency, ensuring law and order without escalation.

VIP Security Wing

The VIP Security Wing of the CRPF provides protection to Union Ministers, Governors, Chief Ministers, spiritual leaders, and other prominent figures, working under the guidance of the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is known for its precision and professionalism.

Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA)

Established between 2008 and 2011, the COBRA units specialize in jungle warfare and guerrilla tactics, particularly in areas affected by Maoist insurgency like Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Bihar, and Jharkhand. Nicknamed ‘Jungle Warriors’, they are among the most elite counter-insurgency forces in India.

Rapid Action Force (RAF)

Raised in 1992, the Rapid Action Force (RAF) was designed to manage riots and public unrest. It is known for its quick deployment and was awarded the President’s Flag in 2003 for its service. RAF units also participate in UN peacekeeping missions, enhancing India’s global standing.

Motto and Mandate

The motto of the CRPF is “Service and Loyalty”, reflecting its commitment to safeguarding the nation. As part of India’s armed forces under the Ministry of Home Affairs, the CRPF is entrusted with,

• Maintaining law and order
• Conducting anti-Naxal and counter-insurgency operations
• Assisting the Army during border conflicts and terrorist attacks

Notable Contributions in History

Battle of Hot Springs, 1959

The CRPF fought courageously against Chinese forces at Hot Springs in Ladakh on October 21, 1959. Despite being outnumbered and facing sub-zero temperatures, CRPF soldiers resisted valiantly, with 10 martyrs laying down their lives. This sacrifice is commemorated annually as Police Memorial Day.

Battle of Sardar Post, 1965

During Operation Desert Hawk by Pakistan, CRPF personnel at Sardar Post in the Rann of Kutch faced an assault from a 3,500-strong Pakistani brigade. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the CRPF successfully defended the post, killing 14 enemy soldiers and capturing four alive, forcing the enemy to retreat.

Parliament Attack, 2001

On December 13, 2001, CRPF jawans bravely countered a suicide attack on the Indian Parliament, eliminating all five terrorists in a 30-minute gun battle. A woman constable made the supreme sacrifice while defending the nation’s temple of democracy.

Ayodhya Attack, 2005

On July 5, 2005, CRPF personnel foiled a terrorist attack on the Ram Janmabhoomi site in Ayodhya, killing all five attackers and preventing a major tragedy.

Legacy of Service

From the icy frontiers of Ladakh to the deserts of Kutch, and from counter-insurgency operations to riot control and VIP security, the CRPF has shown unmatched courage and dedication. Its contributions in both wartime and peacetime highlight its indispensable role in India’s internal security framework.