Parker Dam, located on the Colorado River between California and Arizona, is the deepest dam in the world. Built between 1934 and 1938 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the dam is known for its unique design, with the majority of its structure located below the riverbed. The dam serves multiple functions, including the creation of a reservoir, Lake Havasu, and the generation of hydroelectric power.
Construction of Parker Dam
The construction of Parker Dam started in 1934 and was completed in 1938. The dam is 320 feet (98 meters) tall, with 235 feet (72 meters) of its height submerged below the riverbed, leaving only 85 feet (26 meters) visible above ground. The deep excavation was necessary to reach the bedrock that forms the foundation, making it the deepest dam in the world.
Deepest Dam in the World
Parker Dam is classified as the deepest dam in the world because most of its structure is underground. With over 70% of its height located beneath the surface, the dam is a marvel of engineering. The concrete gravity-arch design ensures stability while supporting the dam’s crucial functions, such as controlling the water flow and providing electricity.
Hydroelectric Power Generation
Parker Dam plays a significant role in hydroelectric power generation. It is equipped with four Francis turbines, each capable of producing 30 MW of power, for a total capacity of 120 MW. Half of the electricity generated is used to pump water through the Colorado River Aqueduct, while the rest is sold to utilities in Arizona, California, and Nevada. The dam operates efficiently, maintaining a 97% power generation efficiency.
Lake Havasu and Water Supply
Parker Dam creates Lake Havasu, a large reservoir with a capacity of 646,200 acre-feet. The reservoir serves as a vital water source for the Colorado River Aqueduct, which supplies water to Southern California. It also supports the Central Arizona Project, providing water for agriculture and municipalities in Arizona, including cities like Phoenix and Tucson.
Controversy and Legal Disputes
The construction of Parker Dam was met with opposition, particularly from Arizona. The project was part of the Colorado River Compact, which caused political disputes over water allocation. In 1935, Arizona’s governor even sent National Guard troops to halt construction, claiming the dam was being built on Arizona’s land without proper authorization. The legal battle reached the Supreme Court, which sided with Arizona, leading to renegotiations and the eventual approval of the dam’s construction.
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