WBFJA Awards: Aparna Sen Honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award

The West Bengal Film Journalists Association (WBFJA) held its annual awards ceremony on January 13, 2025, at Priya Cinema, Kolkata. Renowned filmmaker Aparna Sen received the prestigious ‘Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award’ for her significant contributions to Indian cinema. The event celebrated Bengali cinema’s excellence, with awards given in various categories, including Best Film, Best Actor, and Best Director. It also paid tribute to legendary filmmaker Raj Kapoor on his birth centenary with a thematic tribute to the circus industry.

Key Highlights of WBFJA Awards 2025

Lifetime Achievement Award

Awardee: Aparna Sen
Award Name: Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award
Contribution: Recognized for her invaluable impact on Indian cinema.
Speech: Aparna Sen expressed gratitude and encouraged contemporary Bengali filmmakers to carry forward the legacy of Bengali cinema.

Top Winners

Best Film: Manik Babur Megh
Best Actor (Male): Chandan Sen for Manik Babur Megh
Best Actor (Female): Rituparna Sengupta for Ajogya
Most Popular Film: Khadaan
Most Popular Actor: Dev for Khadaan

Best Director (Joint Award)

Srijit Mukherji for Badami Haynar Kabale
Debaloy Bhattacharya for Padatik
Special Recognition: Oti Uttam by Srijit Mukherji for its technical innovation using AI to recreate legendary actor Uttam Kumar’s voice.

Special Mentions

Most Promising Director: Abhinandan Banerjee for Manik Babur Megh
Best Screenplay: Anjan Dutt for Chalchitra Ekhon
Best Music Director: Amit Chatterjee for Badami Haynar Kabale
Best Background Score: Rathijit Bhattacharya for Khadaan

Playback Singer Awards

Male: Timir Biswas for Tekka
Rathijit Bhattacharya for Khadaan
Female: Antara Mitra for Khadaan

Best Lyricist

Winner: Kaushik Ganguly for Ajogya

Tribute to Raj Kapoor

The ceremony paid homage to Raj Kapoor on his birth centenary.
The theme revolved around the circus industry, with the iconic song Jeena Yahan Marna Yahan from Mera Naam Joker playing alongside a feature on circus history.

Notable Attendees

Prominent personalities from the Bengali film industry attended the event, including,
Saswata Chatterjee
Mamata Shankar
Paran Bandyopadhyay

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	WBFJA Awards: Aparna Sen Honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award
Lifetime Achievement Award	Aparna Sen received the Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award for her contributions to Indian cinema.
Best Film	Manik Babur Megh won Best Film at the WBFJA awards.
Best Actor (Male)	Chandan Sen for Manik Babur Megh.
Best Actor (Female)	Rituparna Sengupta for Ajogya.
Best Director (Joint Award)	Srijit Mukherji (Badami Haynar Kabale) and Debaloy Bhattacharya (Padatik).
Special Recognition	Srijit Mukherji for Oti Uttam, for technical innovation using AI to recreate Uttam Kumar’s voice.
Most Promising Director	Abhinandan Banerjee for Manik Babur Megh.
Most Popular Film	Khadaan.
Most Popular Actor	Dev for Khadaan.
Best Screenplay	Anjan Dutt for Chalchitra Ekhon.
Best Music Director	Amit Chatterjee for Badami Haynar Kabale.
Best Background Score	Rathijit Bhattacharya for Khadaan.
Playback Singer (Male)	Timir Biswas (Tekka), Rathijit Bhattacharya (Khadaan).
Playback Singer (Female)	Antara Mitra for Khadaan.
Best Lyricist	Kaushik Ganguly for Ajogya.
Tribute to Raj Kapoor	The event paid homage to Raj Kapoor on his birth centenary with a circus-themed tribute and the song Jeena Yahan Marna Yahan from Mera Naam Joker.
Notable Attendees	Saswata Chatterjee, Mamata Shankar, Paran Bandyopadhyay, among others.

GK Quiz on Kumbh Mela 2025, Questions and Answers

Maha Kumbh 2025 is a grand spiritual and cultural event happening in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, at the Triveni Sangam. It is a rare and special Kumbh Mela that takes place once every 144 years. This Maha Kumbh, scheduled from 13 January to 26 February 2025, is expected to draw around 400 million visitors, making it one of the largest gatherings in human history. Test your knowledge about this mega event with this easy quiz!

GK Quiz on Maha Kumbh 2025

The Kumbh Mela 2025 is a grand spiritual event held at the Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj, India, from 13 January to 26 February 2025. Known as the world’s largest peaceful gathering, it attracts millions for rituals, cultural events and spiritual purification. Test you knowledge about this spiritual event through our GK Quiz on Maha Kumbh 2025.

Q1. When is the Kumbh Mela 2025 scheduled to take place?

(a) 1 January 2025

(b) 13 January 2025

(d) 26 February 2025

S1. Ans. (b)

Q2. How many days will the Kumbh Mela 2025 last?

(a) 30 days

(b) 60 days

(d) 50 days

S2. Ans. (c)

Q3. Where is the Kumbh Mela 2025 being held?

(a) Haridwar

(b) Nashik

(d) Prayagraj

S3. Ans. (d)

Q4. Which rivers are associated with the Triveni Sangam?

(a) Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati

(b) Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri

(d) Brahmaputra, Teesta, Manas

S4. Ans. (a)

Q5. What is the ritual bath in Mahakumbh called?

(a) Ganga Snan

(b) Shahi Snan

(d) Pavitra Snan

S5. Ans. (b)

Q6. What is the name of the mobile app launched for Kumbh Mela 2025?

(a) Kumbh 2025 App

(b) Maha Kumbh Tracker

(d) Prayagraj Pilgrim App

S6. Ans. (c)

Q7. How many Shahi Snans are planned during the Kumbh Mela 2025?

(a) 5

(b) 6

(d) 8

S7. Ans. (b)

Q8. Which is the first Shahi Snan date?

(a) 14 January 2025

(b) 29 January 2025

(d) 13 January 2025

S8. Ans. (d)

Q9. What is the time interval between two Mahakumbh Melas at the same location?

(a) 12 years

(b) 144 years

(d) 24 years

S9. Ans. (a)

Q10. In which year was the Mahakumbh Mela recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO?

(a) 2003

(b) 2017

(d) 2021

S10. Ans. (b)

Armed Forces Veterans’ Day 2025- Honoring the Bravehearts

Every year, January 14 marks the observance of Armed Forces Veterans’ Day across India. This significant day is dedicated to paying tribute to the selfless duty and sacrifices of the armed forces veterans and fostering solidarity towards the families of the bravehearts who have served the nation. The day also emphasizes the connection between the veterans and the current serving personnel while addressing their welfare and concerns.

Origins of Veterans’ Day in India

The tradition of celebrating Armed Forces Veterans’ Day began on January 14, 2017, as a pan-India event initiated by the Ministry of Defence. The purpose was to recognize and honor the contributions of tri-services veterans (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and to ensure that their legacy is remembered and celebrated. This day also aimed to provide a platform to discuss issues related to pension, resettlement, and welfare of veterans and their families.

Why January 14?

The date holds historical significance as it commemorates the retirement of Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa on January 14, 1953, after his illustrious service to the nation. Field Marshal Cariappa was the first Indian to become the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, succeeding General Sir F.R.R. Bucher, the last British officer to hold the position. Following his retirement, Field Marshal Cariappa played an active role in public and social causes and was instrumental in the formation of the Directorate of Resettlement, now known as the Directorate General Resettlement (DGR). This body focuses on the training and resettlement of retired armed forces personnel.

Interestingly, January 15 is celebrated as Army Day, as it marks the day in 1949 when Field Marshal Cariappa took over the command of the Indian Army, symbolizing India’s military independence.

Global Traditions Honoring Veterans

The tradition of honoring veterans is prevalent across the world. In many countries, days are designated to commemorate the service and sacrifices of military veterans.

Veterans’ Day in the United States

In the United States, Veterans’ Day is observed on November 11. Known as Armistice Day or Remembrance Day in some parts of the world, it marks the anniversary of the end of World War I. The date symbolizes the signing of the armistice on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918. The day honours the service of military veterans and the memory of fallen soldiers.

Highlights of 2025 Celebrations

Army Day Parade in Pune

For the first time, the Army Day Parade will be held in Pune. The parade will include a special tableau dedicated to the contributions of veterans in nation-building. This tableau will showcase their roles in entrepreneurship, mentorship, and social service, paying homage to their legacy.

Special Events

Veteran’s Lunch: Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi will attend a special veteran’s lunch in Pune on January 14, a day before the Army Day Parade.
Tribute Ceremonies: Wreath-laying ceremonies and marches will honor the sacrifices of the veterans.
Showcasing Military Strength: Displays of military equipment, including tanks, missiles, and other defense technology, will be featured in the events.

Summary of Armed Forces Veterans’ Day

Why in News?	January 14 marks the observance of Armed Forces Veterans’ Day across India, paying tribute to the contributions of armed forces veterans and fostering solidarity with their families.
Origins of Veterans’ Day	Celebrated since January 14, 2017, initiated by the Ministry of Defence to honor tri-services veterans and address their welfare, pensions, and resettlement issues.
Why January 14?	Commemorates Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa’s retirement on January 14, 1953. He was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army and a pioneer of veterans’ welfare initiatives.
Connection to Army Day	January 15 marks Army Day, celebrating Field Marshal Cariappa taking command of the Indian Army in 1949, symbolizing military independence.
Global Traditions	Veterans’ Day (USA): Observed on November 11, marking the end of WWI (Armistice Day). Anzac Day (Australia/New Zealand): Celebrated April 25, commemorating Gallipoli Campaign.
2025 Highlights	Army Day Parade in Pune: Featuring a tableau on veterans’ contributions to entrepreneurship, mentorship, and social service.
Special Events	Veteran’s Lunch attended by Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi, wreath-laying ceremonies, and military equipment displays including tanks and missiles.
Key Activities	Parades, gatherings, welfare information counters, and medical camps at military stations across India.
Notable Celebrations	Mumbai: Parade at Marine Drive with gallantry awardees. Pune: Southern Command programs highlighting veterans’ societal contributions.

India Successfully Tests Nag Mk 2 Anti-Tank Missile

India recently conducted successful field evaluation trials of the indigenously developed Nag Mk 2 Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) at Rajasthan’s Pokhran Field Firing Range. Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), this missile system is part of India’s Integrated Missile Development Program, aimed at significantly enhancing the Indian Army’s anti-tank warfare capabilities. Equipped with cutting-edge infrared and fire-and-forget technology, the Nag Mk 2 is a highly precise and versatile weapon system.

Key Features and Highlights

Advanced Technology

Third-generation fire-and-forget ATGM.
Uses advanced infrared technology for target locking before launch.
Capable of operating in all weather conditions and complex battlefield environments.

Specifications

Speed: 230 meters per second.
Range: Can destroy targets up to 4 kilometers away in 17-18 seconds.
Weight: Approximately 45 kilograms.
Length: 6 feet 1 inch.

Capabilities

Designed to neutralize modern armored threats, including tanks with explosive reactive armor (ERA).
Precision strike capability ensures pinpoint accuracy.

Field Trial and Validation

Successfully tested at maximum and minimum ranges, validating its operational effectiveness.
Nag Missile Carrier version-2 was also evaluated.
Trials mark the readiness for induction into the Indian Army.

Development and Cost

Developed under DRDO’s Integrated Missile Development Program at a cost of ₹300 crore.
Initial successful test conducted in 1990, with advancements incorporated during 2017-2019 trials.

Acknowledgment

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh congratulated DRDO, the Indian Army, and industry partners for the successful trials.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	India Successfully Tests Nag Mk 2 Anti-Tank Missile
Type	Third-generation Anti-Tank Guided Missile
Technology	Fire-and-forget, Infrared target-locking
Speed	230 meters per second
Range	4 kilometers
Length	6 feet 1 inch
Capabilities	Neutralizes modern armor, including explosive reactive armor
Development Cost	₹300 crore
Initial Test	1990
Recent Trials	Validated in 2024 at Pokhran Field Range
Acknowledgment	Congratulated by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
Operational Status	Ready for induction into the Indian Army

M. Rajeshwar Rao to Lead RBI’s Monetary Policy Department

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Deputy Governor M. Rajeshwar Rao to oversee the Monetary Policy and Economic Research Departments, following the completion of Deputy Governor Michael Patra’s term on January 15, 2025.

Transition in Leadership

Michael Patra, who served as Deputy Governor since 2020, concluded his tenure after two one-year extensions. During his term, he managed key areas including the Monetary Policy and Financial Market Operations Departments. With his departure, the RBI has reassigned his responsibilities among the current deputy governors.

M. Rajeshwar Rao’s Expanded Role

M. Rajeshwar Rao, a seasoned central banker with a career spanning over four decades since joining the RBI in 1984, has been entrusted with the Monetary Policy and Economic Research Departments. Prior to this, Rao managed departments such as Regulation, Risk Monitoring, Communication, Enforcement, and Legal. His extensive experience includes roles as Executive Director and Chief General Manager, overseeing various critical functions within the RBI.

Interim Participation in Monetary Policy Committee

In his new capacity, Rao will temporarily join the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) and is expected to participate in the upcoming policy meeting in February 2025. This interim arrangement will continue until a permanent successor to Michael Patra is appointed.

Recent Tenure Extension

In October 2024, the Indian government extended Rao’s tenure as Deputy Governor by one year, effective from October 9, 2024, or until further orders. This extension ensures continuity in leadership within the RBI during this transitional period.

Implications for RBI’s Policy Direction

The reassignment of portfolios among the deputy governors comes at a critical time for India’s economy, with the RBI navigating challenges such as inflation control and economic growth. Rao’s leadership in the Monetary Policy Department is anticipated to play a pivotal role in shaping the central bank’s policy decisions in the near future.

Summary of the news

Key Points	Details
Why in News	M. Rajeshwar Rao, RBI Deputy Governor, assigned to lead the Monetary Policy and Economic Research Departments following Michael Patra’s term ending on January 15, 2025.
New Role	M. Rajeshwar Rao will oversee the Monetary Policy and Economic Research Departments temporarily.
Previous Holder	Michael Patra, served as Deputy Governor since 2020, concluded his tenure on January 15, 2025.
Rao’s Tenure Extension	Rao’s tenure was extended for one year in October 2024 by the Indian government.
Rao’s Experience	Over 40 years with the RBI, managing Regulation, Risk Monitoring, Communication, and Enforcement.
RBI Headquarters	Mumbai, Maharashtra
RBI Governor	Sanjay Malhotra
RBI Founded	April 1, 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
Deputy Governors	Four Deputy Governors, including M. Rajeshwar Rao and T. Rabi Sankar
Michael Patra’s Tenure	Managed Monetary Policy and Financial Market Operations from 2020 to 2025.

December Month Current Affairs PDF 2024: Download Monthly PDF

Welcome to the December 2024 edition of the Monthly PDF – your one-stop resource for all the significant news events from the past month. This comprehensive compilation is meticulously organized to aid you in preparing for the General Awareness section of various competitive examinations. We have carefully curated information from reputable sources such as The Hindu, Indian Express, Mint, PIB, and NewsOnAir to ensure that your study time is utilized efficiently.

Staying informed about current events is very important for doing well in competitive exams, and it requires setting aside dedicated time for study. The Monthly PDF has been created to assist you in your preparations. It is available as a PDF download on our website every month. This monthly compilation contains all the major news stories from the past month. It is designed to be an easy-to-use reference to help make your revision process smoother and more effective. Use the 2024 Monthly PDF to improve your exam preparation efforts.

Which examinations will the Monthly PDF be helpful for?

The Monthly PDF is a useful study material for many competitive exams that have a section on General Awareness or Current Affairs. This includes exams like UPSC Civil Services, State Public Service Commission exams, Staff Selection Commission (SSC) exams, Bank Probationary Officer exams, Railway recruitment exams, and various other government job tests. It is also helpful for those preparing for entrance exams to get into higher education courses like MBA programs, law courses (CLAT exam), and more.

The categories included in the Monthly PDF are as follows:

Banking and Financial Current Affairs: Updates on banking and finance sector developments.
Economy Current Affairs: Key economic changes and updates.
Business Current Affairs: Important events in the business world.
International Current Affairs: Major global news and international relations.
National Current Affairs: Significant happenings within the country.
States Current Affairs: News specific to different states.
Schemes/Committees: Information on new schemes and committee formations.
Agreement/Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): Key agreements and MoUs signed.
Appointments/Resignations (National & International): Notable appointments and resignations.
Ranks and Reports: Important rankings and reports released.
Sports Current Affairs: Updates from the sports world.
Summits And Conferences: Major summits and conferences held.
Awards & Recognition: Recognition and awards bestowed.
Important Days: Observance of significant days.
Defence Current Affairs: News related to defence and security.
Science and Technology: Breakthroughs and advancements in science and tech.
Books & Authors: Notable publications and authors.
Miscellaneous Current Affairs: Other important news items.
Obituaries: Remembering significant personalities who have passed away.

December 2024 Monthly PDF: Important News Updates

PM Rashtriya Bal Puraskar Awards 2024
Sahitya Akademi Awards 2024
Monetary Policy Meeting Dec 2024
24th BIMSTEC Summit
FIDE World Chess Championship 2024
QS World University Rankings
Travel and Tourism Development Index 2024
Exercise Harimau Shakti
Good Governance Day
National Mathematics Day

How to Download the December 2024 Monthly PDF?

Here are the steps to access the December 2024 Monthly PDF:

Click on the Monthly PDF link provided below.
A form from ADDA247 will open.
Fill in your name, email, and other required information in that form.
Click on the Submit button.
After submitting the form, you will receive a link to download the Monthly PDF for December 2024.

Click Here to download The Hindu Review December 2024

77th Indian Army Day 2025- Honouring Valor and Patriotism

Every year on January 15, India marks Indian Army Day, a significant occasion that celebrates the foundation of the Indian Army and the pivotal moment in history when power was handed over to Indian leadership. This day represents both India’s military independence and the nation’s progress toward self-reliance in defense matters.

Indian Army Day pays tribute to the valor and sacrifices of soldiers who dedicated their lives to the service of the country. This event is not just a celebration of the Indian Army’s achievements but also an effort to instill a deep sense of patriotism and unity among citizens. The day is a reminder of the unwavering commitment of our armed forces in ensuring the nation’s security.

Indian Army Day 2025: Theme

The 77th Indian Army Day will be celebrated under the theme “Samarth Bharat, Saksham Sena” (Empowered India, Capable Army). The Indian Army will showcase its state-of-the-art equipment and diverse combat strategies at Delhi’s Cariappa Parade Ground.

This year’s celebrations will include:

Military parades demonstrating precision and discipline.
Ethnic dance performances reflecting India’s rich cultural heritage.
Exhibitions of cutting-edge military equipment and weaponry.
Combat drills showcasing the Indian Army’s advanced capabilities.

The theme emphasizes the Indian Army’s critical role in safeguarding a strong and self-reliant India.

Significance of Indian Army Day

Indian Army Day holds great importance as it commemorates a turning point in the country’s military history. The Indian Army operates under the leadership of its highest-ranking official, the Commander-in-Chief. In 1949, Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa was appointed as the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, succeeding General Sir Francis Butcher, the last British officer to hold the position. This marked the first instance of an Indian general leading the army, symbolizing India’s military independence from colonial rule.

Key facts about the significance of this day:

Historical Shift: Indian Army Day was initially observed on April 1, 1895, the date of the Indian Army’s foundation, but it was later moved to January 15, 1948, to mark the leadership transition to Indian hands.
Tribute to Heroes: The day is dedicated to honoring the brave soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the nation’s security and sovereignty.
Nation’s Pride: As one of the strongest armies in the world, the Indian Army’s contribution to peace, disaster relief, and national security is unparalleled.

Through various activities and ceremonies, Indian Army Day fosters a strong bond between military personnel and civilians, emphasizing the role of the armed forces in nation-building.

Indian Army Day Parade 2025 in Pune

For the first time, the Army Day Parade will take place in Pune, home to the Southern Command Headquarters and the National Defence Academy (NDA). This shift highlights Pune’s historical and strategic importance in India’s defense landscape.

The parade will feature:

Performances by regimental bands.
Displays of military equipment, including tanks and missiles.
Aerial fly-pasts by combat aircraft.

This event aims to strengthen the connection between the armed forces and civilians, showcasing the capabilities of the Indian Army to the public.

Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa: A Legacy of Leadership

Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa holds a special place in the history of the Indian Army. He was not only the first Indian Commander-in-Chief but also one of the two Indian Army officers to be honoured with the rank of Field Marshal, the other being Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw. Cariappa’s leadership set the foundation for an independent and capable Indian Army, inspiring generations of soldiers.

Summary of Indian Army Day 2025

Aspect	Details
Why in News	The 77th Indian Army Day will be celebrated on January 15, 2025, under the theme “Samarth Bharat, Saksham Sena” (Empowered India, Capable Army).
Theme	“Samarth Bharat, Saksham Sena” (Empowered India, Capable Army)
Celebration Location	Pune (Army Day Parade to take place here for the first time)
Historical Background	– Marks the leadership transition to Indian hands in 1949.
	– Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief, succeeding General Sir Francis Butcher, the last British officer in the role.
Significance	– Tribute to the valor and sacrifices of soldiers.
	– Commemorates India’s military independence and progress toward self-reliance in defense.
	– Highlights the Indian Army’s contribution to national security, peace, and disaster relief.
Key Activities in 2025	– Military parades demonstrating precision and discipline.
	– Ethnic dance performances reflecting India’s cultural heritage.
	– Exhibitions of cutting-edge military equipment and weaponry.
	– Combat drills showcasing advanced capabilities.
Pune Parade Highlights	– Performances by regimental bands.
	– Displays of military equipment, including tanks and missiles.
	– Aerial fly-pasts by combat aircraft.
Legacy of Field Marshal Cariappa	– First Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army (1949).
	– One of only two Indian officers to be honored with the rank of Field Marshal (along with Sam Manekshaw).
	– Symbolized India’s military independence and inspired generations of soldiers.

What’s New? 15 Jan Current Affairs Quiz

Being aware of current events is crucial for success in competitive exams. The Daily Current Affairs Quiz is a useful tool for aspirants to assess their knowledge of significant happenings across India and the world. Consistent practice strengthens understanding of vital areas such as governance, economics, technology, and global affairs, which are key focus points in SSC, Banking, and other exams.

Q1. Where is the NTPC Green Hydrogen Hub being set up?

(a) Hyderabad

(b) Anantapur

(d) Vijayawada

Q2. Which organization has collaborated with IIT Mandi and IIT Jammu to develop a Wideband Spectrum-Sensor ASIC-Chip?

(a) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

(b) Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

(d) Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

Q3. Which ministry is responsible for the sanctioning of the Watershed Development Projects under PMKSY?

(a) Ministry of Rural Development

(b) Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare

(d) Ministry of Water Resources

Q4. The Blue Flag certification is awarded by which organization?

(a) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

(b) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

(d) International Blue Sea Association

Q5. Which of the following is a key ingredient in the pink fire retardant Phos-Chek which is used in California Fires Defense?

(a) Ammonium nitrate

(b) Potassium chloride

(d) Ammonium polyphosphate

Q6. Which State in India to adopt the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana in 2025?

(a) Delhi

(b) Odisha

(d) None of the above

Q7. Who has been appointed as the Chairperson of the Athletics Federation of India (AFI) Athletes Commission?

(a) Anju Bobby George

(b) P.T. Usha

(d) Vishwanath Anand

Q8. Which countries have already achieved the space docking maneuver before India’s SpaDeX mission?

(a) USA, Russia, China

(b) USA, Germany, China

(d) Russia, China, India

Q9. Which dedicated FM channel launched by All India Radio, to enhance the Maha Kumbh 2025 experience?

(a) Kumbh Gatha Vani

(b) Kumbh Prathna Vani

(d) Kumbh Anubhav Vani

Q10. Which two beaches in Kerala recently received the prestigious Blue Flag certification?

(a) Kovalam and Varkala

(b) Kappad and Chal

(d) Alappuzha and Bekal

S1. Ans. (c)

Sol. The NTPC Green Hydrogen Hub is being established in Pudimadaka, Anakapalle district, near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

Correct Answer: Pudimadaka,

Key Points:

PM Modi laid the foundation stone on January 8, 2025, in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
Investment and Project: ₹1.85 lakh crore investment. Green Hydrogen Hub to have 20 GW renewable energy capacity.
Hydrogen Production: Hub to produce 1,500 tonnes per day (TPD) of green hydrogen and 7,500 TPD of hydrogen derivatives (e.g., green methanol, green urea, sustainable aviation fuel).
Location: Pudimadaka, Anakapalle district, near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
Collaboration: Joint project between NTPC Green Energy Limited (NGEL) and New & Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (NREDCAP).
Significance for India: Part of India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission to make India a global leader in green hydrogen production.

S2. Ans. (c)

Sol. The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) has collaborated with IIT Mandi and IIT Jammu to develop a Wideband Spectrum-Sensor ASIC-Chip for improving telecommunications.

Correct Answer: Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT)

Key Points:

Project: Development of Wideband Spectrum-Sensor ASIC-Chip
Institutions Involved: C-DOT, IIT Mandi, IIT Jammu
Supporting Scheme: Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF)
Objective: Enhance spectrum utilization and provide broadband in rural India

S3. Ans. (a)

Sol. The Ministry of Rural Development is responsible for sanctioning the Watershed Development Projects under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY).

Correct Answer: Ministry of Rural Development

Key Points:

Govt approves 56 new watershed development projects under PMKSY at ₹700 crore 56 new projects, ₹700 crore funding,
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), covers 280,000 hectares, ten states including Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, and others
Project Activities: Soil and water conservation, rainwater harvesting, ridge area treatment, drainage line treatment, pasture development

S4. Ans. (c)

Sol. The Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE), based in Denmark, awards the Blue Flag certification to beaches that meet stringent environmental, safety, and sustainability criteria.

Correct Answer: Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE)

Key Points:

Kappad and Chal Beaches Receive Prestigious Blue Flag Certification
Beaches Awarded: Kappad (Kozhikode) and Chal (Kannur), Kerala
Awarding Organization: Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE), Denmark
Certification Standards: Beaches meet 33 criteria including sustainability, safety, and hygiene practices

S5. Ans. (d)

Sol. Phos-Chek is primarily composed of ammonium polyphosphate, a chemical that does not evaporate like water and is effective in slowing down wildfires.

Correct Answer: Ammonium polyphosphate

Key Points:

California’s Wildfire Defense: The Use of Pink Fire Retardant
What is Pink Fire Retardant?: A chemical mix, mainly ammonium polyphosphate, used to slow or stop fires.
Main Use: Sprayed ahead of the fire to coat vegetation and prevent oxygen from fueling flames.
Color: Pink to improve visibility for firefighters to track and create fire lines.
Environmental Concerns: Contains toxic metals like chromium and cad

S6. Ans. (b)
Sol. Odisha became the 34th state to implement the AB PM-JAY scheme.

Correct Answer: Odisha

Key Points:

Odisha signed an MoU with the National Health Authority (NHA).
Integration with Odisha’s Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana (GJAY) for joint implementation.
₹5 lakh health coverage per family annually, with an additional ₹5 lakh for women members.
Expected to benefit 1.03 crore families, with 67.8 lakh families covered under the Union Government scheme.

S7. Ans. (a)

Sol. Anju Bobby George, the legendary long-jumper and 2003 World Championships bronze medalist, has been appointed as the Chairperson of the AFI Athletes Commission.

Correct Answer: Anju Bobby George

Key Points:

Chairperson of AFI Athletes Commission: Anju Bobby George, former long-jumper and world bronze medalist, appointed as Chairperson of the commission.
Notable Members: Prominent members include Neeraj Chopra (Olympic medalist), Jyotirmoyee Sikdar, Krishna Poonia, Sudha Singh, Avinash Sable, and Bahadur Singh Sagoo.
Election Process: Elections held in October 2024 with due process followed. Five members elected, four nominated.

S8. Ans. (a)

Sol. India is set to become the fourth country after the USA, Russia, and China to achieve the complex space maneuver of docking and undocking satellites.

Correct Answer: USA, Russia, China

Key Points:

- ISRO’s SpaDeX Mission Achieves Satellite Docking Milestone

Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota

Satellites Involved: SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target)
Objective: Demonstrate spacecraft rendezvous, docking, and undocking
Key Milestone (Jan 12, 2025): Satellites moved within 3 metres, repositioned after trial

S9. Ans. (c)
Sol. Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath inaugurated ‘Kumbhvani‘ (103.5 MHz), a dedicated FM channel by All India Radio, to enhance the Maha Kumbh 2025 experience.

Correct Answer: Kumbh Vani

Key Points:

Kumbhvani FM Channel Launch for Maha Kumbh 2025
Date of Launch: January 10, 2025
Frequency: 103.5 MHz
Broadcast Period: January 10 to February 26, 2025
Operating Hours: 5:55 AM to 10:05 PM daily

S10. Ans. (b)

Sol. Kerala’s Kappad beach in Kozhikode and Chal beach in Kannur were awarded the Blue Flag certification for meeting high standards of environmental protection, safety, and sustainability.

Correct Answer: Kappad and Chal

Key Points:

Kappad and Chal Beaches Receive Prestigious Blue Flag Certification
Beaches Awarded: Kappad (Kozhikode) and Chal (Kannur), Kerala
Awarding Organization: Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE), Denmark
Certification Standards: Beaches meet 33 criteria including sustainability, safety, and hygiene practices
India has 13 beaches certified under the prestigious Blue Flag eco-label for adhering to stringent environmental, safety, and cleanliness standards.
These include Shivrajpur Beach (Gujarat), Golden Beach (Odisha), Ghoghla Beach (Diu), Kasarkod Beach and Padubidri Beach (Karnataka), Rushikonda Beach (Andhra Pradesh), Radhanagar Beach (Andaman & Nicobar Islands), Kovalam Beach (Tamil Nadu), and Eden Beach (Puducherry), all certified in 2020.
In 2022, Minicoy Thundi Beach and Kadmat Beach in Lakshadweep were added.
Recently, in 2025, Kappad Beach (Kozhikode) and Chal Beach (Kannur), both in Kerala, joined the list, reflecting India’s commitment to sustainable coastal management.

Who is Known as the Rocket Man of India?

India has achieved remarkable success in space and missile technology, thanks to the efforts of brilliant scientists. One individual played a key role in advancing these fields, earning widespread recognition for their contributions. Their inspiring work continuing to motivate millions and has left a lasting impact on India’s scientific and technological progress. In this article, we will know about the person who is known as the “Rocket Man of India.”

Rocket Man of India

Kailasavadivoo Sivan, often referred to as the “Rocket Man of India,” is a distinguished aerospace engineer who served as the Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). He is recognized for his significant contributions to India’s space programs, particularly in the development of launch vehicles.

Early Life of K. Sivan

K. Sivan was born on April 14, 1957, in Sarakkalvilai, a village near Nagercoil in Tamil Nadu. He grew up in a farming family, with his father being a mango farmer. Sivan was the first person in his family to attend college. He completed his early education in Tamil medium schools in his village before pursuing higher studies.

Education of K. Sivan

Sivan studied in Tamil medium government schools in his village. He was the first graduate in his family.

He completed his bachelor’s degree in aeronautical engineering from Madras Institute of Technology in 1980.
He earned a master’s degree in aerospace engineering from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, in 1982.
He later obtained a doctorate (Ph.D.) in aerospace engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, in 2006.

Sivan is a fellow of prestigious organizations like the Indian National Academy of Engineering and the Aeronautical Society of India.

Career in ISRO

Sivan joined the ISRO in 1982 and played a vital role in developing India’s launch vehicles.

He contributed significantly to the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) project.
Sivan led the revival of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) program.
He developed the 6D trajectory simulation software known as SITARA, used in mission planning.

Leadership Roles

Director of Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre: Sivan was appointed as the director on July 2, 2014.
Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre: He served from 2015 to 2018.
Chairman of ISRO: He became ISRO’s chief in January 2018 and held the position until January 2022.

Major Achievements of K. Sivan

Under Sivan’s leadership, ISRO launched several landmark missions:

Chandrayaan-2 (2019): The second lunar mission involved an orbiter, a lander and a rover. Although the lander and rover crashed, the orbiter continues to study the moon.
He extended ISRO’s reach by working on various advanced space programs.

Awards and Recognition

K. Sivan has received several prestigious awards, including:

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award (2019): For his contributions to space technology.
IEEE Simon Ramo Medal (2020): Shared with Byrana N. Suresh for engineering achievements.

Personal Life and Legacy of Rocket Man of India

Sivan is admired for his humble beginnings and hard work. His leadership and technical expertise earned him the title “Rocket Man of India.”

Currently, he serves as the Chairman of the Board of Governors at IIT Indore. Sivan’s journey inspires countless young engineers and scientists to dream big and contribute to India’s space exploration efforts.

Makar Sankranti 2025: Know Date, Time, History, Significance and Celebrations

Makar Sankranti is a vibrant and ancient Hindu festival that celebrates the Sun’s movement from the Sagittarius zodiac sign to Capricorn. This event marks the end of the long winter nights and the beginning of longer days, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness. In 2025, Makar Sankranti will be celebrated on Tuesday, January 14.

Date and Timing for Makar Sankranti 2025

In 2025, Makar Sankranti will be celebrated on Tuesday, January 14. According to the Drik Panchang, the auspicious timings for the day are:

Main Auspicious Time: 09:03 AM to 5:46 PM
Best Time for Bathing and Donating: 09:03 AM to 10:48 AM

These times are considered ideal for performing rituals and seeking blessings.

Meaning of Makar Sankranti

Makar Sankranti marks the Sun’s entry into Capricorn (Makar Rashi) and signals the beginning of longer days. It is a day of joy and thanksgiving for a successful harvest. According to Hindu mythology, the day also honors Sankranti, a divine figure who defeated the demon Sankarasur.

Mythological and Historical Significance of Makar Sankranti

Makar Sankranti is dedicated to Surya, the Sun God, who symbolizes life and energy.

Legends Associated with the Festival

Samudra Manthan: The churning of the ocean that brought the nectar of immorality (Amrit) is linked to this time.
King Bhagirath: The story of King Bhagirath, who brought the Ganges to Earth, is also celebrated during Makar Sankranti.

Significance of Makar Sankranti

Beginning of Uttarayana: Makar Sankranti marks the start of Uttarayana, an auspicious six-month period in Hindu culture that is ideal for spiritual practices and positive endeavors.
Cleansing and Renewal: The festival is believed to purify the soul and bring positive energy, peace and good fortune.
Gratitude of the Harvest: This festival also celebrates the end of the harvest season. Farmers thank nature for the bountiful crops and prepare for the upcoming agricultural season.

How Makar Sankranti is Celebrated?

Kite Flying: In states like Gujarat and Punjab, people celebrate by flying colorful kites. The sky turns vibrant as families and friends compete to cut each other’s kites.
Special Foods: Delicious traditional dishes like Khichdi, til ladoo (sesame seed sweets), and other treats are prepared and enjoyed with loved ones.
Holy Baths: Taking a dip in sacred rivers like the Ganges and Yamuna is a common ritual. It is believed to cleanse sins and bring spiritual blessings.
Bonfires: In some regions, bonfires are lit, symbolizing the burning of negativity and welcoming warmth.

A Festival of Togetherness

Makar Sankranti brings people together, spreading joy, gratitude and hope. It is a time to celebrate nature’s gifts, cherish relationships and look forward to a brighter future. The colorful kites, delicious food and shared traditions make it a festival full of happiness and warmth.

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Rocket Man of India

Early Life of K. Sivan

Education of K. Sivan

Career in ISRO

Leadership Roles

Major Achievements of K. Sivan

Awards and Recognition

Personal Life and Legacy of Rocket Man of India

Date and Timing for Makar Sankranti 2025

Meaning of Makar Sankranti

Mythological and Historical Significance of Makar Sankranti

Legends Associated with the Festival

Significance of Makar Sankranti

How Makar Sankranti is Celebrated?

A Festival of Togetherness

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