$350M India-ADB Loan Agreement Finalized

The Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have signed a $350 million policy-based loan under the second subprogram of the Strengthening Multimodal and Integrated Logistics Ecosystem (SMILE) program. This collaboration aims to enhance India’s logistics sector through comprehensive reforms, infrastructure development, and digital integration. By improving logistics efficiency, the initiative seeks to strengthen the manufacturing sector, boost supply chain resilience, reduce costs, and promote sustainable economic growth.

Key Highlights

Loan Agreement and Stakeholders

Amount: $350 million policy-based loan.

Stakeholders

Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance.
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Asian Development Bank (ADB).

Program Overview

Objective: Enhance logistics efficiency to strengthen the manufacturing sector and improve supply chain resilience.
Approach: Programmatic policy-based loan (PBL) with two subprograms under SMILE.
Purpose: Support wide-ranging logistics sector reforms in India.

Key Focus Areas

Institutional Strengthening

Development of multimodal logistics infrastructure at national, state, and city levels.
Establishing a robust policy framework for logistics sector growth.

Standardization

Creating standards for warehousing and logistics assets.
Incentivizing private sector investment to modernize supply chains.

Trade Logistics

Enhancing efficiency in external trade logistics to boost international competitiveness.

Digital and Smart Systems

Integration of smart systems for efficient, low-emission logistics operations.
Emphasis on technology adoption for better resource utilization.

Anticipated Outcomes

Economic Growth: Improved logistics efficiency will lower costs and enhance the competitiveness of India’s manufacturing sector.
Employment: Generation of substantial employment opportunities in the logistics and related sectors.
Gender Inclusion: Encouragement of gender-inclusive practices within the logistics workforce.
Environmental Sustainability: Promotion of low-emission logistics systems to align with global sustainability goals.

Significance of the SMILE Program

Competitiveness: Reduces logistical barriers, improving the ease of doing business in India.
Resilience: Strengthens supply chains, making them more robust against disruptions.
Private Sector Participation: Creates an enabling environment for increased private investment in logistics.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	$350M India-ADB Loan Agreement Finalized
Program	Strengthening Multimodal and Integrated Logistics Ecosystem (SMILE)
Stakeholders	– Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance – Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry – Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Loan Type	Policy-Based Loan (PBL) under the second subprogram of SMILE
Objective	Enhance logistics efficiency, strengthen manufacturing, and improve supply chain resilience
Institutional Strengthening	Develop multimodal logistics infrastructure at national, state, and city levels
Standardization	Standardize warehousing and logistics assets; incentivize private sector investment
Economic Growth	Reduce logistics costs and enhance manufacturing competitiveness
Employment	Generate significant employment opportunities
Gender Inclusion	Promote gender-inclusive workforce practices

Richa Ghosh Smashes Record-Breaking Fifty in Women’s T20Is

India’s wicketkeeper-batter Richa Ghosh etched her name in history by smashing the joint-fastest fifty in women’s T20Is. She achieved this feat during the third and final T20I of the series against West Indies Women at the DY Patil Stadium.

The Journey to the Record

Richa entered the crease with a clear intent to attack, showcasing her power-hitting skills from the very first ball. In a spectacular display of aggression, she reached her second T20I half-century in just 18 balls, equalling the records of Sophie Devine (New Zealand captain) and Phoebe Litchfield (Australia opener).

Sophie Devine had set this record against India Women at the M Chinnaswamy Stadium in 2015.
Phoebe Litchfield matched it in a match against West Indies Women in Sydney in 2023.

A New Benchmark for India

Richa surpassed her ODI opening partner Smriti Mandhana’s five-year-old record for the fastest fifty in women’s T20Is by an Indian. Mandhana had previously achieved this milestone in 24 balls against New Zealand in February 2019.

Richa’s blistering innings included:

3 boundaries and
5 sixes, cementing her status as a power-hitter and a vital player for India’s T20 setup.

India’s Dominant Performance

Richa’s fireworks, coupled with a stellar knock by Smriti Mandhana at the top of the order, helped India post their highest-ever total in women’s T20Is—a mammoth 217 runs for the loss of 4 wickets. This commanding total underlines India’s growing dominance in the format.

A Record Book Rewritten

Richa’s achievement is now part of a distinguished list of fastest fifties in women’s T20Is. Below is a comparison of the top performances:

Player	Balls	Match	Venue	Date
Sophie Devine	18	New Zealand Women vs India Women	Bangalore	11/07/2015
Phoebe Litchfield	18	Australia Women vs West Indies Women	Sydney	02/10/2023
Richa Ghosh	18	India Women vs West Indies Women	DY Patil Stadium	19/12/2024
Nida Dar	20	South Africa Women vs Pakistan Women	Benoni	22/05/2019
Alyssa Healy	21	Australia Women vs Ireland Women	Providence	11/11/2018
Sophie Devine	21	New Zealand Women vs Ireland Women	Providence	17/11/2018
Alice Capsey	21	England Women vs Ireland Women	Paarl	13/02/2023

Significance of the Achievement

This incredible feat highlights the rise of young talent in Indian women’s cricket, with players like Richa leading the charge. Her record-breaking innings reflects her ability to perform under pressure and deliver results when the team needs it the most. Additionally, it showcases the rapid evolution of the women’s game, with players now rivaling men’s cricket in terms of power-hitting and high-intensity performances.

Summary of the News

Aspect	Details
Why in News	India’s wicketkeeper-batter Richa Ghosh smashed the joint-fastest fifty in women’s T20Is.
Match Details	Achieved during the third T20I of the series between India Women and West Indies Women at DY Patil Stadium on 19th December 2024.
Record Details	Richa scored her half-century in just 18 balls, equalling the record of Sophie Devine (2015) and Phoebe Litchfield (2023).
Previous Indian Record	Broke Smriti Mandhana’s record of a 24-ball fifty against New Zealand in 2019.
Key Stats	Scored 3 boundaries and 5 sixes in her innings.
Team Performance	India posted their highest-ever total in women’s T20Is with 217/4 in 20 overs.
Fastest Fifties in WT20Is
Player	Balls
Sophie Devine	18
Phoebe Litchfield	18
Richa Ghosh	18
Nida Dar	20
Alyssa Healy	21
Sophie Devine	21
Alice Capsey	21
Significance	Highlights the rise of young talent in Indian women’s cricket and the evolution of the game, with increased power-hitting and high-intensity performances. Richa’s ability to perform under pressure has inspired the next generation of cricketers.

First-Ever World Meditation Day: 21st December 2024

On 21st December 2024, the world will celebrate the first-ever World Meditation Day, marking a significant moment in the global acknowledgment of the transformative power of meditation. This annual celebration has been established following a resolution passed by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on 29th November 2024. The day is set to emphasize the profound mental, physical, and social benefits of meditation, while fostering peace and unity worldwide.

India Leads the Celebrations at the UN Headquarters

A Special Event in New York

The Permanent Mission of India played a pivotal role in hosting a landmark event at the United Nations Headquarters in New York to commemorate this historic occasion. The celebration featured a live, global meditation session, led by the esteemed Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, the renowned Indian spiritual leader and founder of the Art of Living Foundation. Serving as the chief guest, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar guided participants through a meditative journey aimed at promoting mental well-being and fostering global peace.

Themed Celebration: “Meditation for Global Peace and Harmony”

The event’s theme, “Meditation for Global Peace and Harmony,” reflects the universal vision of meditation as a bridge to connect individuals and nations. By encouraging participants to focus on inner calmness and mutual respect, this initiative aims to inspire people worldwide to adopt meditation as a tool for fostering collective well-being.

Meditation’s Journey to Global Recognition

The Role of the UN

The UNGA’s recognition of World Meditation Day signals a bold acknowledgment of meditation’s capacity to address critical challenges of modern life. From rising stress levels to violence and societal disconnection, meditation has emerged as a powerful antidote to many contemporary issues. By dedicating a global day to this practice, the United Nations underscores its relevance in promoting mental resilience, physical health, and social harmony.

India’s Legacy in Meditation

Meditation, deeply rooted in India’s cultural and spiritual heritage, has transcended geographical boundaries over the centuries. It has evolved into a universal practice embraced by people of all religions, traditions, and lifestyles. In recent decades, meditation has become a symbol of international goodwill, offering a unique perspective on life while bridging cultural and societal divides.

What is Meditation?

Definition and Origins

According to the United Nations, meditation is an ancient practice focused on directing one’s attention to the present moment. Its origins span religious, yogic, and secular traditions, making it one of the most timeless practices for personal growth and self-discovery.

While definitions vary, meditation is commonly described as a practice involving techniques such as mindfulness, focused attention, or concentrated thought. These techniques aim to train the mind to achieve states of mental clarity, emotional calmness, and physical relaxation.

Types of Meditation

Diverse Approaches for All

Meditation encompasses a wide array of practices, each tailored to suit individual needs. Some popular types include:

Mindfulness Meditation: Focuses on observing thoughts and emotions without judgment.
Transcendental Meditation: Involves repeating a specific mantra for deep relaxation.
Guided Meditation: Uses visualizations or instructions to help achieve a calm state.
Yoga-based Meditation: Combines physical postures with focused breathing and meditation.

The Benefits of Meditation

Individual Benefits

Meditation offers a plethora of benefits for the mind and body, supported by decades of research:

Stress Reduction: Meditation helps lower cortisol levels, reducing stress and promoting relaxation.
Improved Focus: Enhances cognitive abilities and attention span.
Emotional Balance: Alleviates symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Better Sleep: Promotes relaxation, leading to improved sleep quality.
Physical Health: Contributes to lower blood pressure, better pain management, and overall vitality.

Collective Well-Being

Beyond individual gains, meditation fosters empathy, collaboration, and a sense of shared purpose. As a universal practice, it bridges gaps across cultures, helping to build harmonious communities.

The Role of Technology

Meditation for the Digital Age

In the modern era, technology has made meditation accessible to people across the globe. Meditation apps and online platforms enable individuals to practice anytime, anywhere. From beginners to seasoned practitioners, technology has expanded the reach of meditation, making it an integral part of contemporary life.

Why Celebrate World Meditation Day?

Promoting Global Peace

Meditation’s universal appeal lies in its ability to transcend differences in age, nationality, and beliefs. By celebrating World Meditation Day, individuals and communities are reminded of the interconnectedness of humanity and the importance of inner peace as a foundation for global harmony.

Honouring Ancient Wisdom

The annual observance of World Meditation Day pays tribute to the ancient traditions that have guided countless individuals toward self-discovery and fulfillment. It highlights meditation’s enduring relevance in a fast-paced, ever-changing world.

World Meditation Day 2024: Date, Significance and History

Category	Details
Why in News	The world will observe 21st December 2024 as the first-ever World Meditation Day, following a resolution by the UN General Assembly on 29th November 2024.
Global Recognition	Meditation has been acknowledged for its transformative mental and physical benefits, and its role in promoting peace and unity globally.
India’s Contribution	India’s Permanent Mission hosted an event at the UN Headquarters in New York featuring a global meditation session led by Sri Sri Ravi Shankar.
Event Theme	“Meditation for Global Peace and Harmony“
Meditation Defined	Meditation is an ancient practice involving techniques like mindfulness and focused attention to achieve mental clarity, emotional calmness, and physical relaxation.
Types of Meditation	Includes Mindfulness Meditation, Transcendental Meditation, Guided Meditation, and Yoga-based Meditation.
Benefits	– Individual: Reduces stress, improves focus, emotional balance, better sleep, and physical health.
	– Collective: Fosters empathy, collaboration, and shared purpose, promoting global harmony.
Role of Technology	Meditation apps and online platforms have made the practice widely accessible globally.
Significance	Meditation transcends age, nationality, and beliefs, promoting inner peace as a foundation for global harmony.

World Basketball Day 2024: Date, Significance and History

Every year on December 21, World Basketball Day is observed to honour the development and significance of a sport that has inspired millions of people worldwide. Basketball transcends boundaries, cultures, and languages, promoting values such as athleticism, joy, companionship, and peace. The celebration of this day highlights basketball’s role in fostering collaboration, physical activity, and interdependence, encouraging players and fans alike to view one another first and foremost as fellow human beings.

The Origins of Basketball: Dr. James Naismith’s Vision

The Invention

Basketball was invented on December 21, 1891, by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian physical education teacher at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. Naismith’s goal was to create a game that would keep his students physically active during the harsh winter months. His innovative idea gave rise to a sport that would eventually gain global popularity.

Evolution of the Game

Initially, basketball was played using a soccer ball and fruit baskets as goals. After every basket, referees had to retrieve the ball manually. This system was later improved in 1900 with the introduction of backboards and string baskets, preventing interference from spectators and enhancing the flow of the game.

Recognizing Basketball on a Global Stage

The global significance of basketball was officially acknowledged by the United Nations General Assembly on August 25, 2023, through the adoption of resolution A/RES/77/324. This resolution declared December 21 as World Basketball Day, celebrating the sport’s ability to bring together people from all walks of life.

Key Objectives of the Resolution

Highlighting basketball’s power to promote peace and development.
Ensuring that events like the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023 leave a lasting legacy.
Encouraging communities worldwide to recognize the sport’s positive impact on society.

Significance of World Basketball Day

World Basketball Day is not just about celebrating a sport; it is about embracing the values that basketball instills in players and fans alike. These include teamwork, cooperation, and communication, which are essential for fostering understanding and harmony in a diverse world.

A Tribute to Dr. Naismith’s Legacy

The annual celebration pays homage to Dr. Naismith’s enduring influence on millions of players, fans, and communities. His innovative creation has transcended its humble beginnings to become a sport that unites people across continents.

Promoting Peace and Diplomacy

Basketball’s impact goes beyond the court. It plays a significant role in areas such as international trade, diplomacy, and peacebuilding, fostering collaboration and mutual respect among nations. The sport’s unique environment of physical activity and interdependence allows players to see each other as human beings first, breaking down barriers of nationality, race, and culture.

Inspiring a Global Buzz

The celebration of World Basketball Day generates excitement and inspires people to engage with the sport, whether by playing, watching, or simply appreciating its spirit. This enthusiasm contributes to basketball’s ongoing development and influence, furthering its mission of promoting peace and unity.

Facts About Basketball

A Global Phenomenon

Basketball is one of the most widely played and popular sports in the world, with an estimated 450 million players globally, according to FIBA.
The sport enjoys immense popularity in regions such as North America, Europe, and Asia.

Olympic Legacy

Basketball has been a part of the Olympic program since the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
Women’s basketball made its Olympic debut as a regular event at the 1976 Montreal Games.

Milestones in Women’s Basketball

Women began playing basketball less than a year after its invention, in 1892.
The growth of women’s basketball has paralleled the sport’s overall development, highlighting its inclusivity and broad appeal.

Professional Leagues

The Basketball Africa League (BAL), established in 2019, features 12 club teams from across Africa, showcasing the sport’s expansion into new regions.

Early Gameplay

The first basketball games were played using soccer balls and fruit baskets.
The term “basketball” was coined by Dr. Naismith in 1891.

Historical Timeline of Basketball

1891: The Birth of Basketball

Dr. James Naismith invents basketball at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.

1895: The First Intercollegiate Game

The first intercollegiate basketball competition takes place between the Minnesota School of Agriculture and Hamline College.

1898: Formation of the First Professional League

The National Basketball League (NBL), the first professional basketball league, is established.

1940: Establishment of the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball

Dr. Naismith helps create the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball, further solidifying the sport’s institutional framework.

1949: Birth of the NBA

The National Basketball Association (NBA) is formed through the merger of the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and the National Basketball League (NBL). Although the NBA’s popularity surged in the 1960s and 1970s, it has since become the premier professional basketball league globally.

World Basketball Day: Summary in Tabular Form

Aspect	Details
Why in News	December 21 is observed as World Basketball Day, honoring basketball’s role in inspiring millions and promoting values like peace and unity.
Origins of Basketball	Invented on December 21, 1891, by Dr. James Naismith in Springfield, USA, as a winter activity for students.
Early Gameplay	Played with a soccer ball and fruit baskets; backboards and string baskets were introduced in 1900 to improve the game.
Global Recognition	The United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution A/RES/77/324 on August 25, 2023, declaring December 21 as World Basketball Day.
Key Objectives of Resolution	– Highlight basketball’s role in promoting peace and development. – Ensure lasting legacy of events like the FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023. – Encourage global recognition of basketball’s impact on society.
Significance	– Celebrates values like teamwork, cooperation, and communication. – Honors Dr. Naismith’s legacy in uniting people globally.
Basketball’s Global Impact	– Promotes peacebuilding, diplomacy, and collaboration across nations. – Inspires engagement through playing, watching, and appreciation of the sport.
Key Facts	– Estimated 450 million players globally. – Included in the Olympic program since 1936; women’s basketball debuted in 1976.
Women’s Basketball	Women started playing in 1892, shortly after its invention, showcasing basketball’s inclusivity.
Professional Leagues	The Basketball Africa League (BAL), established in 2019, highlights basketball’s global expansion.
Historical Milestones	– 1891: Invention by Dr. Naismith. – 1895: First intercollegiate game. – 1949: Formation of the NBA.

Today’s Trivia Takedown 21st December, GA Quiz

Current affairs hold significant importance in competitive exams such as SSC, Defence, State Exams, and Railways. A dedicated section tests aspirants on recent happenings, policy updates, international developments, and advancements in science. Regularly staying informed helps candidates approach this section with confidence and secure better marks.

Q1. On which day Goa Liberation Day is annually celebrated?

(a) 18th December

(b) 19th December

(d) 21st December

Q2. Who has been appointed as the brand ambassador for the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup in 2025?

(a) Shah Rukh Khan

(b) Amitabh Bachchan

(d) Salman Khan

Q3. Which country set a new global record for the longest spacewalk?

(a) Russia

(b) China

(d) India

Q4. On which day SSB celebrates its raising day?

(a) 18th December

(b) 19th December

(d) 21st December

Q5. Who was crowned Miss India USA 2024?

(a) Priya Sharma

(b) Caitlin Sandra Neil

(d) Neha Gupta

Q6. Which ministry has partnered with France Museums Développement (FMD) to develop the Yuga Yugeen Bharat National Museum?

(a) Ministry of External Affairs

(b) Ministry of Culture

(d) Ministry of Education

Q7. Who has been reappointed as Nepal’s Resident Ambassador to India?

(a) Netra Prasad Timilsina

(b) Dr. Shankar Prasad Sharma

(d) Shree Krishna Shrestha

Q8. Which political party was Om Prakash Chautala associated with during his political career?

(a) Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

(b) Indian National Congress (INC)

(d) Communist Party of India (CPI)

Q9. Who authored the Hindi poetry book “Main Jab Tak Aai Bahar” which was recently honoured at Sahitya Akademi Award 2024?

(a) Gagan Gill

(b) Sameer Tanti

(d) Aron Raja

Q10. Where will the Yuga Yugeen Bharat National Museum be located?

(a) Chennai

(b) Mumbai

(d) Bengaluru

S1. Ans. (b)
Sol. Goa Liberation Day is celebrated on December 19 every year to mark the freedom of Goa from Portuguese rule in 1961. This event symbolizes the end of 451 years of colonial rule and commemorates the bravery and sacrifices of the freedom fighters.

Correct Answer: 19th December

Key Points:

Independence: Goa became a part of India on December 19, 1961, following the Indian Army’s Operation Vijay.
Freedom Struggle: Goa citizens, influenced by India’s Satyagraha, participated in the freedom movement.
Governor of Goa: Shri P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
CM of Goa: Shri. Pramod Sawant
Capital: Panaji

S2. Ans. (d)
Sol. The Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) has officially appointed Bollywood superstar Salman Khan as the brand ambassador for the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup.

Correct Answer: Salman Khan

Key Points:

Event Dates & Location: January 13-19, 2025, in New Delhi
Tournament Features: 21 men’s teams and 20 women’s teams from 24 countries.
Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI): Governs Kho Kho in India and organizes national championships, collaborating with Ultimate Kho Kho.

S3. Ans. (b)

Sol. The new global record for the longest spacewalk was set by China when astronauts Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong completed a nine-hour extravehicular activity (EVA) outside the Tiangong space station.

Correct Answer: China

Key Points:

Record-Breaking Spacewalk: 9-hour extravehicular activity (EVA) by Chinese astronauts Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong.
Previous Record: Surpassed the 8 hours 56 minutes by U.S. astronauts James Voss and Susan Helms (March 12, 2001).

S4. Ans. (c)
Sol. Sashatra Seema Bal (SSB) celebrates its raising day on 20th December.

Correct Answer: 20th December

Key Points:

Background: SSB, formerly known as Special Service Bureau, was raised on March 15, 1963, after the 1962 India- China war.
Date Change: Its Raising Day was changed to Dec 20 through an act of Parliament in 2007.
Director General: Amrit Mohan Prasad
Headquarters: New Delhi

S5. Ans. (b)

Sol. Caitlin Sandra Neil, a 19-year-old Indian-American teenager, was crowned Miss India USA 2024 at the annual pageant held in New Jersey.

Correct Answer: Caitlin Sandra Neil

Key Points:

Miss India USA Winner: Caitlin Sandra Neil (19, Chennai-born, student at UC Davis; focuses on women’s empowerment and literacy).
First Runner-Up: Nirali Desia (Illinois).
Second Runner-Up: Manini Patel (New Jersey).
Participants: 47 contestants from 25 states.
Event Organizer: India Festival Committee (IFC).

S6. Ans. (b)

Sol. The Ministry of Culture has partnered with France Museums Développement (FMD) to develop the Yuga Yugeen Bharat National Museum.

Correct Answer: Ministry of Culture

Key Points:

France’s Expertise: Inspired by France’s “Grands Projets,” including the Louvre, Grand Palais, and Hôtel de la Marine.
Central Vista Connection: Part of the larger Central Vista Redevelopment Project in New Delhi.
Minister of Culture: Gajendra Singh Shekhawat

S7. Ans. (b)

Sol. Dr. Shankar Prasad Sharma has been reappointed as Nepal’s Resident Ambassador to India.

Correct Answer: Dr. Shankar Prasad Sharma

Key Points:

India’s Ambassador to Nepal: Mr. Naveen Srivastava
Capital of Nepal: Kathmandu
PM: KP Sharma Oli

S8. Ans. (c)

Sol. Om Prakash Chautala was a key figure in the Indian National Lok Dal (INLD), a party he helped lead and shape in Haryana.

Correct Answer: Indian National Lok Dal (INLD)

Key Points:

Om Prakash Chautala: Passed away on December 20, 2024, due to cardiac arrest.
Terms: Served as CM of Haryana for five terms (1989-2005)

S9. Ans. (a)

Sol. The Hindi poetry book “Main Jab Tak Aai Bahar” was written by Gagan Gill and this book was honored at Sahitya Akademi Award 2024.

Correct Answer: Gagan Gill

Key Points:

Selections: The books were selected based on recommendations made by a Jury of three members for each language.
The selection procedure involves unanimous decisions by the Juries or majority votes.
Time Period: The Awards pertain to books first published between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022.
Each award consists of,
A casket containing an engraved copper plaque.
A shawl.
₹1,00,000/- as cash content.

S10. Ans. (c)

Sol. The Yuga Yugeen Bharat National Museum will span across the North and South Blocks in New Delhi.

Correct Answer: New Delhi

Key Points:

Minister of Culture: Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
France President: Emmanuel Macron
External Affairs Minister: S. Jaishankar

Where is Bandhavgarh National Park Situated?

Bandhavgarh National Park is a famous wildlife destination in India, loved for its beautiful forests, rich wildlife and exciting safaris. Known especially for its majestic tigers, the park offers visitors a chance to connect with nature and explore stunning landscapes. It is perfect place for adventure and nature enthusiasts.

Location of Bandhavgarh National Park

Bandhavgarh National Park is nestled in the Central Indian Highlands and surrounded by the scenic Satpura Mountain range. The altitude of the park varies between 410 meters to 810 meters above sea level, giving it a unique and diverse landscape.

Area of the Bandhavgarh National Park

The park spans an area of 1,536 square kilometers, which includes both the core and buffer zones. This vast area provides a perfect habitat for various species of wildlife.

Famous for Bengal Tigers

Bandhavgarh is known for having the highest density of Bengal tigers in the world. This makes it a top destination for tiger enthusiasts and wildlife lovers. Apart from Bengal Tigers, the park is home to several other animals, including leopards, wild elephants, and sloth bears.

Birds and Other Mammals

The park is birdwatcher’s haven, with over 250 species of birds, including migratory birds like the steppe eagle. Other mammals in the park include jungle cats, hyenas, porcupines, ratels, palm civets, mongooses and Indian pangolins.

History of Bandhavgarh National Park

In the 14th century, the famous mystic poet Saint Kabir Das is believed to have resided in the hills of Bandhavgarh, adding a spiritual touch to the park’s heritage.

What is the Old Name of Guwahati?

Guwahati is the largest city in Assam and a gateway to Northeast India. Located on the banks of the Brahmaputra River, it is known for its rich history, ancient temples and vibrant cultures. As a major trade and educational hub, Guwahati combines modern development with deep-rooted traditions, making it a unique and bustling city.

An Overview of Guwahati

Guwahati, the largest city is Assam and northeastern India, is known as the “Gateway to North East India.” Located on the South bank of the Brahmaputra River, it houses Dispur, Assam’s capital. The city is a major riverine port, surrounded by hills, and one of India’s fastest-growing cities.

Old Name of Guwahati

Guwahati, the largest city in Assam, has a rich history and cultural heritage. Its old name, Pragjyotishpur, means “The Light of the East.” This name comes from the Assamese words “Guwa,” which means areca nut and “Haat,” which means market. Let’s explore more about its fascinating history and attractions.

Ancient City

Guwahati is an ancient city with roots going back to the early centuries. It was once the capital of the Varman Dynasty between 350 and 650 AD., a period when the region flourished culturally and politically.

Capital of the Hindu Kingdom

Around 400 C.E., the city was known as Pragjyotisa and served as the capital of the Hindu Kingdom of Kamarupa. This kingdom played a significant role in shaping the history and culture of Assam.

Guwahati under Ahom Rule

In 1681, Guwahati came under the rule of the Ahoms, who made it an important administrative center. By 1786, it became the capital of the Ahom Raja. The city continued to grow in importance during this period.

British Rule and Changes

The British took control of Guwahati in 1826 and made it the capital of Assam. However, in 1874, the capital was shifted to Shillong. Guwahati remained a key city for trade and governance under British rule.

Location of Guwahati

Guwahati is located between the foothills of the Shillong Plateau and the banks of the Brahmaputra River, offering scenic landscapes and a strategic position for trade and travel.

Nearby Attractions of Guwahati

Guwahati is home to some famous attractions, such as:

Kamakhya Temple: A revered Shakti temple located on Nilachal Hills.
Navagraha Temple: A temple dedicated to the nine celestial bodies, situated on Chitrachal Hills.
Basistha: An area known for its archaeological remains and historical significance.

List of Celebrities and Famous Personalities We Lost in 2024

In 2024, the world lost many beloved celebrities and famous personalities who left a lasting impact on their fields. From actors and musicians to sports legends and political figures, their contributions will always be remembered. This article looks back at some of the notable individuals we bid farewell to this year.

Celebrities and Famous Personalities We Lost in 2024

In 2024, we lost many beloved celebrities and famous people. Legendary musician Zakir Hussain, know for his amazing tabla skills, and Tamil actor Ganesh were among them. We also said goodbye to well-known politicians, artists, scholars and athletes. Each of them left behind wonderful memories and contributions that will always be remembered.

List of Celebrities and Famous Personalities We Lost in 2024

In 2024, we lost many famous personalities from various fields, including music, film, politics and sports. Their contribution have left lasting marks on the world, and their passing has deeply saddened fans and admirers everywhere.

Here is the list of celebrities and famous personalities we lost in 2024:

Name	Area
Zakir Hussain	Famous Table Player
Rohit Bal	Fashion Designer
Sharda Sinha	Bihar Nightingale
Ganesh	Famous Tamil Actor
Queen Mikasa	Member of the Old Imperial Family of Japan
John Tinniswood	The Oldest Person in the World
Mohan Raj	Famous Malayalam Actor
Ratan Tata	Head of Tata Sons
Kanaka Raju	Padmashri and Gusadi Dance Master
Professor K. Chellapan	English Scholar and Sahitya Akademi Awardee
Aruna Vasudeva	Film Scholar
Sitaram Yechury	Famous Politician
Yamini Krishnamurthy	Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi Dancer
H. Devaraj	Former Vice Chairman, University Grants Commission
K. Natwar Singh	Former Foreign Minister
Dr. Ram Narayan Agrawal	Father of Agni Missile
Girish Sahni	Director of CSIR
Wrestler Subba	Member of Parliament from Sikkim
Bhupinder Singh Rawat	Former Indian Midfielder
Smriti Biswas	Famous Actress
Ram Buxani	Indian Industrialist
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Who is Known as the Father of Public Administration?

Public Administration is an important field of study that focuses on the management of government policies and programs. The person often called the “Father of Rural Administration” is Woodrow Wilson. He is recognized for his contributions to the study and organization of government activities, especially in the United States. Let’s explore why he holds this title.

Father of Public Administration

Woodrow Wilson is known as the Father of Public Administration. In 1887, he wrote an important essay, The Study of Administration, where he argued that administration should be separate from politics and run efficiently, like a business. His ideas laid the foundation for modern public administration, emphasizing merit-based hiring and ethical governance.

Early Life and Education of Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson was born in Virginia during the Civil War. As a teenager, he showed a strong love for learning and excelled in subjects like logic and writing. In 1875, he attended Princeton University, where he took part in many activities such as editing the school newspaper, leading the baseball association, and joining debate and music clubs. These early experiences helped him understand leadership and administration.

Career in Education and Leadership

After finishing his studies, Wilson briefly studied law but was more interested in politics. He began teaching political economy and public law at colleges like Bryn Mawr and Wesleyan University. Later, he joined Princeton University as a professor and eventually became its president. During his time as president, he made big changes, such as hiring more teachers and improving class sizes. These reforms made him popular as a leader.

Wilson’s success in education led him into politics and he became the governor of New Jersey. In 1912, he was elected President of the United States.

Wilson’s Essay, The Study of Administration

In 1887, Wilson wrote an important essay called The Study of Administration. This essay laid the foundation for public administration as a field of study. In it, he focused on making government work efficiently and with minimal waste.

Key Ideas in Wilson’s Essay:

`1. Politics and Administration Are Different: Wilson believed that politics (making laws and policies) and administration (carrying out those laws) should be separate. He thought that public opinion influenced policy-making but should not interfere with administration, which needs to follow stable principles.

2. Administration Should Be Like Business: Wilson compared administration to running a business. He wanted it to work efficiently, without political bias and serve all people equally.

3. Stages of Government Growth: Wilson explained that societies go through three stages:

Rule by a king or absolute power.
Rebellion against absolute rule to create a constitution.
Managing the constitution through good administration.

4. Merit-Based Civil Service: Wilson argued that government jobs should be given based on merit, not political favors. He believed in hiring skilled and educated people who could serve the public efficiently and honestly.

Legacy and Importance of Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson’s ideas on public administration are still important today. He believed that governments should work efficiently and ethically to serve the people. His work has inspired generations of civil servants.

Meena Ganesh, Iconic Malayalam Star, Dies

Meena Ganesh, a legendary Malayalam cinema and serial actor, passed away on December 19, 2024, at the age of 81. She was a revered figure in Malayalam theatre and cinema, known for her versatile performances in over 100 films and numerous stage productions. Despite her absence from acting in recent years due to health issues, Meena’s legacy in the Malayalam entertainment industry continues to be celebrated.

Key Points

Early Life and Career

Born in 1942 in Kallekulangara, Palakkad, Kerala, to Tamil actor K.P. Keshavan.
Began her acting career in theatre at the age of 19, performing with several renowned theatre groups such as SL Puram Surya Soma, KPAC, and Kayamkulam Kerala Theatres.
Won numerous awards for her theatre performances.

Film Career

Made her film debut in 1976 with P.A. Backer’s Manimuzhakkam.
Acted in over 100 films, with notable ones including Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njanum, Karumadikkuttan, Punaradhivasam, Meesha Madhavan, and Nandanam.

Personal Life

Married playwright and actor A.N. Ganesh in 1971.
Together, they established the drama troupe Pournami Kalamandir in Shoranur.
Acted in many plays written by her husband, including Panchajanyam, Simhasanam, Swarnamayooram, and more.

Theatre Legacy

Acted in numerous plays, often performing even during pregnancy.
One of the most iconic plays, Udaranimiyaam, won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 1992.

Health and Retirement

Took a break from acting after suffering a stroke six years ago.
Passed away in a private hospital in Shoranur, Kerala, due to age-related health issues.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Meena Ganesh, Iconic Malayalam Star, Dies
Cause of Death	Age-related health issues
Career Start	1976 with Manimuzhakkam
Notable Films	Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njanum, Karumadikkuttan, Meesha Madhavan, Nandanam
Theatre Contributions	Acted in numerous plays, including Panchajanyam, Simhasanam, Udaranimiyaam
Legacy	Known for her commitment to theatre and cinema, performed even when pregnant, influential figure in Malayalam entertainment