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SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF

The SBI Clerk Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation.

To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI Clerk Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI Clerk Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI Clerk Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI Clerk Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI Clerk General Awareness PDF (Part-1 and 2): Click Here

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Topics Covered in the SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI Clerk is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.
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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

NBFC Full Form, Know About Its Meaning, History, Role and Services

NBFCs or Non-Banking Financial Companies, are becoming popular around the world. They help people by giving loans and other financial services without being a bank. They are more flexible than banks and take more risks. This is why many people turn to NBFCs when banks say “no.” Let’s understand NBFCs in this article.

Full Form of NBFC

NBFC stands for Non-Banking Financial Company. It is a company that provides financial services like loans, investments and insurance but does not have a banking license like regular banks.

What is an NBFC?

An NBFC is a company the gives loans, takes investments, provides insurance and other financial services. But it is not a bank. In India, NBFCs are controlled by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

History of NBFC in India

NBFCs started in India in the 1960s to serve those not reached by banks. In 1964, RBI changed its rules and included NBFCs under the RBI Act, 1934.

Later, two committees studied NBFCs to make them better:

  • James S Raj Committee (1970s)
  • Chakravarty Committee (1982)

Today, NBFCs have grown a lot and offer digital services, easy loans and much more.

Objectives of NBFCs

  • Creates jobs by funding private businesses.
  • Helps in spreading income through funds distribution.
  • Makes the financial market stronger by supporting small companies.

Types of NBFCs in India

NBFCs in India are divided into three main types:

  • Asset Finance Companies: These give money to buy machines, vehicles or tools.
  • Loan Companies: These give loans for many needs.
  • Investment Companies: These invest in shares, stocks and other financial products.

What NBFCs Do?

NBFCs help people and businesses who cannot get loans from banks. They serve small businesses, shopkeepers, farmers and professionals. Their main work includes:

  • Giving hire purchase finance
  • Providing leasing services
  • Offering bill discounting
  • Giving term loans
  • Supporting venture capital
  • Providing bridge loans
  • Offering equipment finance
  • Helping with factoring services

Services of NBFCs

  • Hire Purchase Finance: NBFC buys an item for the customer. The customer pays every month. After all payments are done, the item becomes theirs.
  • Leasing: NBFC lets a customer use an item for a fixed time. The customer pays rent. After the lease ends, the customer can buy or return the item.
  • Bill Discounting: NBFC buys bills from companies at a lower price. Later, it collects the full amount from customers when the bill date comes.
  • Term Loans: NBFC gives a fixed amount of money. The person repays it in fixed parts over time.
  • Venture Capital: NBFC gives money to new or small businesses. In return, it becomes part owner.
  • Bridge Loans: These are short loans given for a short time, like one or two years, to help during emergencies.
  • Equipment Finance: NBFC buys machines or tools for a person or company. The buyer pays monthly until the price is fully paid.
  • Factoring: NBFC buys a company’s unpaid bills (invoices). The NBFC collects the money from the company’s customers.

Benefits of NBFC

  • More Services: They offer services like mutual funds, insurance and more.
  • Easier Loans: People who don’t get loans from banks can go to NBFCs.
  • Lower Interest Rates: Many NBFCs offer cheaper loans than banks.
  • Flexible Rules: They are less strict than banks, so they give better options.
  • Faster Services: They have smaller branches but provides quick help.
  • Better Returns: They give higher interest on deposits than banks.

Problems with NBFCs

  • NBFCs do not have all the powers of banks.
  • They cannot take savings (demand deposits) from the public.
  • They can’t use money from old loans to give new ones.
  • They cannot give cheques or open ATM, credit or debit cards.
  • They cannot handle government money or business.

Which Country is known as the World Teacher?

Many countries in the world are known for different qualities like power, beauty or culture. But there is one special country that is often remembered for its deep knowledge, wisdom and teachings. This country has guided the world through its ancient texts, great thinkers and peaceful ideas. People from around the globe respect it for sharing valuable lessons about life, truth and learning.

Which Country is known as the World Teacher?

India is known as the “World Teacher” or “Vishwa Guru” because of its ancient wisdom, knowledge and teachings. It has shared important ideas in science, math, yoga and spirituality with the world. India’s message of peace and unity, like “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,” shows why it is respected as a global teacher.

Why is India Known as the Global Teacher?

India has played a big role in spreading language and ideas all over the world. Here’s why it is called the “World Teacher”:

  • Ancient Knowledge: India gave the world important things like the concept of zero, the decimal system and Ayurveda (traditional medicine). Indian scholars also made great progress in astronomy, mathematics and metallurgy.
  • Philosophy and Spiritual Teachings: India is the birthplace of spiritual ideas such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Yoga. Many people around the world practice meditation, yoga and follow Indian philosophies to live better lives.
  • Sharing with the World: India helps other countries learn new skills through programs like ITEC (Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation). More than 160 countries get training and support from India in fields like education, healthcare and technology.
  • A Message of Peace and Unity: India believes in “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,” which means “The world is one family.” This idea shows how India teaches love, peace and harmony among all people.

An Overview of India

India is a large and diverse country in South Asia, famous for its rich history, colorful culture and strong traditions. It is the world’s biggest democracy. By 2028, India’s population is expected to become the largest in the world, passing China. With its fast-growing economy, India is becoming an important country in global trade, technology and development.

Richest Actor in the World By April 2025, Know the Names of Top-10 Richest Actors

Many actors around the world have earned huge wealth through films, TV shows and business ventures. Some actors make money not only from acting but also from endorsements, production companies and investments. Hollywood and Bollywood stars dominate the list of the richest actors. As of March 2025, the top-10 richest actors have a net worth ranging from millions to over a billion dollars. Let’s look at who they are.

World’s Richest Actor By March 2025

Tyler Perry is the richest actor in the world as of April 2025. He is a well-known American actor, filmmaker and writer. He became very popular for playing the funny and tough character Madea. His hit movies, TV shows and smart business ideas have made him one of the richest and most successful people in the entertainment world.

Know About Tyler Perry

Tyler Perry was born on September 13, 1969, in the United States. He started his career by writing and producing stage plays in the 1990s. His big break came in 2005 with the movie Diary of a Mad Black Woman. He later created successful TV shows like Tyler Perry’s House of Payne and produced hit films.

Net Worth of Tyler Perry

As of 2025, Tyler Perry’s net worth is an impressive $1.4 billion. This wealth places him among the richest people in the entertainment world. He is recognized as one of the most successful African American entertainment moguls. Perry’s financial achievements come from his successful movies, TV shows, and his ownership of his intellectual property, allowing him to keep a large part of the profits.

Age and Citizenship of Tyler Perry

Tyler Perry was born on September 13, 1969, making him 55 years old in 2025. He hails from the United States and continues to inspire many with his work and philanthropy.

Tyler Perry’s journey from humble beginnings to becoming the richest actor in the world highlights his talent, hard work, and commitment to making a positive impact.

Source of Wealth of World’s Wealthiest Actor

The main source of wealth are:

  • Films & TV Shows: He has produced and acted in many hit movies and series.
  • Madea Franchise: His Madea character has been a huge success.
  • Theatre Productions: He started his career with live stage plays.
  • Tyler Perry Studios: He owns a massive film studio in Atlanta.
  • Business Deals & Investments: He has partnered with major networks like Oprah Winfrey’s OWN and BET.

Top 10 Richest Actors in the World by March 2025

Tyler Perry stands on the top position in the list of richest actor in the world 2025 with the net worth of $1.4 Billion, followed by Jerry Seinfeld, Dwayne Johnson and Shah Rukh Khan.

Here is the list of Top 10 Richest Actors in the World:

S. No. Name Net Worth (in U.S. Dollar) Nationality
1. Tyler Perry $1.4 Billion American
2. Jerry Seinfeld $1.1 Billion American
3. Tom Cruise $800 Million American
4. Shah Rukh Khan $770 Million Indian
5. Dwayne Johnson $700 Million American
6. George Clooney $500 Million American
7. Robert De Niro $500 Million American
8. Arnold Schwarzenegger $450 Million Austria, United States
9. Kevin Hart $450 Million American
10. Adam Sandler $440 Million American

Second Richest Actor in the World: Jerry Seinfeld

Net Worth: $1.1 billion

Age: 69 years

Jerry Seinfeld, a well-known American actor, comedian and producer, gained fame through the hit sitcom “Seinfeld,” where he portrayed a fictionalized version of himself. This show remains highly profitable and Seinfeld boasts a net worth of $950 million, making him the world’s wealthiest doctor.

Third Richest Actor of the World: Tom Cruise

Net Worth: $800 Million

Age: 62 years

Tom Cruise, born on July 3, 1962, is a famous American actor and producer. Known as a Hollywood legend, he has won many awards, including three Golden Globes. He has been nominated for four Oscars. His movies have earned over $12 billion worldwide. As one of the highest-paid actors, he is also the third richest actor in the world.

Shreyas Iyer Named ICC Men’s Player of the Month – March 2025

Indian middle-order batter Shreyas Iyer has been awarded the ICC Men’s Player of the Month for March 2025, recognizing his stellar performance in the ICC Champions Trophy 2025. He was instrumental in India’s title-winning campaign, amassing 243 runs in the tournament. Iyer edged out New Zealand’s Jacob Duffy and Rachin Ravindra to secure the award. This win marks a back-to-back victory for Indian players, with Shubman Gill having won the award in February 2025. Iyer’s consistent performances in high-pressure matches solidified his position as a key contributor to India’s international cricket success.

Key Points

  • Award Name: ICC Men’s Player of the Month (March 2025)
  • Winner: Shreyas Iyer (India)
  • Runner-ups/Nominees: Jacob Duffy and Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand)

Tournament Contribution

  • Played a pivotal role in India’s Champions Trophy 2025 victory
  • Total runs in March: 243
  • Matches played in March: 3
  • Batting average: 57.33
  • Strike rate: 77.47

Match-wise Performances

  • Group Stage vs New Zealand: 79 (98 balls), 4 fours, 2 sixes — led India to 250 on a tough pitch
  • Semi-final vs Australia: 45 (62 balls) — steady knock in successful chase
  • Final vs New Zealand: 48 (62 balls) — calm and composed finish to secure the title

Shreyas Iyer’s Statement

  • Described the award as “truly an honor”
  • Dedicated success to teammates, coaches, support staff, and fans
  • Said: “Contributing to India’s Champions Trophy win is something every cricketer dreams of.”
  • Age: 30 years
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Shreyas Iyer Named ICC Men’s Player of the Month – March 2025Summary Table
Winner Shreyas Iyer (India)
Other Nominees  Jacob Duffy, Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand)
Runs Scored 243 in 3 matches
Batting Average 57.33
Strike Rate 77.47
Key Innings 79 vs NZ (Group Stage), 45 vs AUS (Semi-final), 48 vs NZ (Final)
Team Achievement Champions Trophy 2025 Winner
Previous Indian Winner Shubman Gill (February 2025)
Significance Anchored innings, crucial partnerships, led India to title

Wholesale Inflation Eases to 2.05% in March 2025

The wholesale price inflation (WPI) in India saw a decline to 2.05% in March 2025, down from 2.38% in February 2025, according to government data released on April 15, 2025. The easing of inflation was primarily due to a sharp drop in vegetable prices, which led to deflation in vegetables at 15.88%. Despite the overall reduction in food inflation, the manufactured product prices saw an uptick, with a significant rise in manufactured product inflation at 3.07% compared to 2.86% in February. The data reveals a mixed trend in inflation, with food articles seeing a reduction, while sectors like fuel, power, and manufactured goods saw price increases.

Key Points

Wholesale Price Inflation (WPI)

  • March 2025: 2.05% (down from 2.38% in February 2025)
  • March 2024: 0.26% (year-on-year increase)
  • The easing of inflation is mainly attributed to cheaper food items, especially vegetables.

Food Inflation

  • March 2025: 1.57% (down from 3.38% in February 2025)
  • Major factor contributing to easing food inflation: sharp deflation in vegetable prices.
  • Vegetables saw deflation of 15.88% in March (compared to 5.80% in February 2025).

Manufactured Products

  • Inflation in manufactured goods increased to 3.07% in March 2025, up from 2.86% in February 2025.

The rise in manufactured product prices was attributed to increases in,

  • Food product manufacturing
  • Textiles manufacturing
  • Other manufacturing sectors

Fuel and Power

  • March 2025: Inflation in fuel and power stood at 0.20%, an increase from the deflation of -0.71% in February 2025.

Deflation in Vegetables

  • Deflation in vegetables reached 15.88% in March 2025, compared to 5.80% in February 2025.
  • The sharp drop in vegetable prices contributed significantly to the reduction in food inflation.

Government’s Perspective

  • The Ministry of Industry noted that the positive inflation rate in March 2025 was driven by price increases in manufactured food products, food articles, electricity, textiles, and other manufactured goods.

Impact on Economy

  • The decline in food inflation could ease the burden on consumers, while the rise in manufactured product inflation and fuel/power prices may point towards pressure in those sectors.
  • The inflation trends reflect a mixed economic scenario, with some price stability in food items, but rising concerns in industrial sectors.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Wholesale Inflation Eases to 2.05% in March 2025Summary Table
Wholesale Inflation (WPI) 2.05% in March 2025 (down from 2.38% in February 2025)
Food Inflation 1.57% in March 2025 (down from 3.38% in February 2025)
Deflation in Vegetables 15.88% in March 2025 (compared to 5.80% in February 2025)
Manufactured Product Inflation 3.07% in March 2025 (up from 2.86% in February 2025)
Fuel & Power Inflation 0.20% in March 2025 (up from deflation of -0.71% in February 2025)
Government Insights Driven by increases in food products, textiles, electricity, and manufacturing
Impact on Consumers Eased food inflation due to lower vegetable prices; rising manufactured product prices

India’s International Technology Engagement Strategy for Quantum

On April 14, 2025, the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Government of India released the first edition of the International Technology Engagement Strategy for Quantum (ITES-Q). This milestone aligns with the celebration of World Quantum Day and the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQST 2025), as designated by the United Nations. This strategy reflects India’s outward-facing roadmap to accelerate global collaboration, foster innovation, and align with the National Quantum Mission (NQM) for leadership in quantum science, technology, and innovation (QSTI).

Key Points

  • Release Date: April 14, 2025 (World Quantum Day)
  • Released by: Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India
  • Occasion: Coincides with World Quantum Day and IYQST 2025

Significance

  • First-ever outward-looking strategy by India in the field of Quantum Science, Technology & Innovation (QSTI)
  • Supports India’s National Quantum Mission (NQM)

Objectives of ITES-Q

  • Accelerate discovery and innovation
  • Promote adoption across critical sectors
  • Enable strategic autonomy through quantum safety
  • Facilitate bilateral and multilateral partnerships
  • Support international standardisation efforts

Scope and Coverage

  • Provides landscape analysis for stakeholders (government, academia, industry)

Covers global and national trends in,

  • Investments in quantum technology
  • Talent development
  • Research and publications
  • IP creation and startups
  • Quantum hardware and supply chain ecosystem
  • Industrial applications and activity

Investment Needs

  • Quantum hardware development
  • Reducing dependency on imports
  • De-risking startup investments
  • Creating markets for quantum products
  • Standardisation: India must actively participate in defining global quantum standards

National Quantum Mission (NQM)

  • Implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (DST)
  • Covers the full lifecycle from R&D to commercialization

Utility of ITES-Q

  • Helps Indian missions abroad in promoting India’s quantum leadership
  • Enables partnerships with international stakeholders
  • Adds value to policymaking and industry collaboration
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? India’s International Technology Engagement Strategy for Quantum
Document Name International Technology Engagement Strategy for Quantum (ITES-Q)
Released by Office of Principal Scientific Adviser (Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood)
Date of Release April 14, 2025
Occasion World Quantum Day & IYQST 2025
Objective Guide international collaboration, investment, and standard-setting
Alignment with National Quantum Mission (NQM)
Focus Areas Investment, hardware, startups, standards, R&D, commercialization
Implementation Model (NQM) Hub-and-Spoke (152 researchers, 43 institutes, 17 states + 2 UTs)
Significance First strategy to support India’s International Technology Engagement Strategy for Quantum (ITES-Q)global role in Quantum Technology
Target Stakeholders Govt. bodies, academia, industries, international missions

Relocation of Cheetahs from Kuno to Gandhi Sagar Approved

The Cheetah Project Steering Committee, constituted by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), has approved the relocation of a few cheetahs from Kuno National Park to Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary, both located in Madhya Pradesh. This move aims to advance the long-term conservation strategy of establishing a meta-population of cheetahs across a connected landscape. However, this decision comes amid concerns about prey availability, heat stress during transportation, and conflict with leopards, which are co-predators in the new habitat. Preparations like prey base augmentation, fencing, and training of personnel are underway to ensure a smooth transition.

Key Points

Committee Involved

  • Cheetah Project Steering Committee, under NTCA.
  • Formed in May 2023.

Relocation Decision

  • Cheetahs to be moved from Kuno National Park to Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary.
  • Gandhi Sagar is located ~300 km from Kuno.

Project Cheetah Background

  • Launched in 2022.
  • Involved translocation of 8 cheetahs from Namibia and 12 from South Africa.
  • So far, 8 adult cheetahs and 5 cubs have died at Kuno.

Meta-population Aim

  • Target is to build a meta-population of 60–70 cheetahs.
  • Landscape spans Kuno–Gandhi Sagar region, including parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

Initial Release Plan

  • 4 to 5 cheetahs to be released into a 64 sq. km fenced zone in western Gandhi Sagar.
  • Leopards removed from area to prevent interspecies conflict.

Prey Base Concerns

  • Ongoing efforts to introduce chital from other MP forests.
  • Existing prey includes chinkara, chousingha, nilgai, and chital.
  • Herbivore enclosures built for in-situ breeding.

Concerns Raised

  • Inadequate training of staff witnessed in incident where a cheetah and her cubs were given water by a driver.
  • Committee urged compliance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
  • Emphasis on training, cheetah mitras (community volunteers), and ensuring water supply during summer.

Pending Decisions

  • Whether cheetahs to be shifted are those already in the wild at Kuno or still in enclosures.

Of 26 cheetahs at Kuno,

  • 17 in the wild
  • 9 in large enclosures
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Relocation of Cheetahs from Kuno to Gandhi Sagar Approved
Project Name Project Cheetah
Initiated 2022
Steering Committee Formation May 2023 by NTCA
Relocation Decision  Cheetahs from Kuno to Gandhi Sagar (300 km)
States Involved Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
Meta-population Goal 60–70 cheetahs across the landscape
Initial Relocation Plan 4–5 cheetahs in a 64 sq. km fenced area
Current Cheetah Count at Kuno (17 wild, 9 in enclosures)
Prey Base at Gandhi Sagar Chital, chinkara, chousingha, nilgai; being augmented

Logo And Mascot for Khelo India Youth Games 2025

The Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) 2025 is set to be held in Bihar for the first time from May 4 to May 15, 2025, marking a significant milestone for the state. The event, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Patna, will not only promote a sporting culture but also strengthen Bihar’s sports infrastructure and provide a national platform for budding athletes. The launch ceremony on April 14, 2025, witnessed the unveiling of the event logo, mascot, and theme song by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and Union Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya.

Key Highlights

  • Event: Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) 2025
  • Dates: May 4 to May 15, 2025
  • Inauguration: By Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Patna
  • Host State: Bihar (hosting for the first time)
  • Venue of Launch: Samvad Hall, CM Secretariat, Patna

Chief Guests

  • Bihar CM Nitish Kumar
  • Union Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya

Symbolism of Logo and Mascot

  • Logo Colors: Orange and Green – Representing cultural vibrancy.

Mascot Inspiration

  • Gajsingh – Mythical creature (elephant-lion) from Pala-period temples in Nalanda & Bodh Gaya.

Design Elements

  • Mahabodhi Temple, Nalanda University – Historical, intellectual pride.
  • Peepal Tree, Sparrow, Gangetic Dolphin – Environmental awareness.
  • Madhubani Painting & Chhath Puja – Rich cultural identity.

Event Details

Total Participants Expected

  • 8,500 athletes
  • 1,500 technical staff
  • Number of Sports: 28 disciplines

Districts Hosting Events

  • Patna
  • Nalanda (Rajgir)
  • Gaya
  • Bhagalpur
  • Begusarai

Gaurav Yatra Torch Rally

  • Torch Relay Duration: April 15 to May 2, 2025
  • Coverage: All 38 districts of Bihar
  • Purpose: Build enthusiasm and connect communities across the state.

Theme Song

  • Title: “Khel ke Rang, Bihar ke Sang”
  • Message: Highlights unity, youth energy, and Bihar’s role in national sports.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Logo And Mascot for Khelo India Youth Games 2025
Dates May 4 – May 15, 2025
Host State Bihar (first time)
Inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi
Launched by CM Nitish Kumar & Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya
Venue of Launch Samvad Hall, CM Secretariat, Patna
Mascot Inspiration Gajsingh from Pala dynasty temple carvings
Logo Symbolism Orange-Green colors – Cultural heritage
Additional Features Peepal tree, Dolphin, Chhath, Madhubani art, Nalanda, Mahabodhi temple
Sports Disciplines 28
Expected Participants 8,500 players, 1,500 technical staff
Districts Hosting Events Patna, Gaya, Rajgir, Bhagalpur, Begusarai
Torch Yatra April 15 – May 2 across 38 districts
Theme Song  “Khel ke Rang, Bihar ke Sang”

Himachal Day 2025 Date, History, Significance

Every year, Himachal Day is celebrated on April 15 to mark the creation of Himachal Pradesh as a province in independent India. It is an important day that highlights the rich cultural heritage, development journey, and unity of the people of Himachal Pradesh. The state, known as the “Apple State of India,” is also a top tourist destination with stunning landscapes, snow-capped mountains, and vibrant traditions. 2025 marks the 78th Himachal Day, and it is observed as a public holiday in the state.

Historical Background

  • The term ‘Himachal’ is derived from Sanskrit, where Hima means snow and Anchal means lap – ‘Lap of the Himalayas’.

Himachal Pradesh was formed as a Union Territory on April 15, 1948, post-merger of princely states like,

  • Mandi
  • Chamba
  • Mahasu
  • Sirmour
  • 26 other princely kingdoms
  • Full statehood was granted on January 25, 1971, making Himachal the 18th state of India.
  • Capital: Shimla
  • Chief Minister (2025): Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu

Significance

  • Celebrates the unity, development, and culture of the state.
  • Reflects the government’s commitment to tribal welfare and inclusive growth.
  • Encourages tourism, art, and local traditions through parades and exhibitions.
  • CM Sukhu, during Himachal Day 2025, emphasized development in remote tribal areas like Pangi Valley (Chamba district).

Geography & Language

  • Located in the Western Himalayas.
  • Ranges: Zaskar, Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar.
  • Elevation: Many areas lie in the Alpine zone, averaging 4,500 m.
  • Major local dialects: Pahari, Kangri, Mandeali, Mahasu, Kulluvi, Kinnauri, Bilaspuri.
  • Official language: Hindi

Economy & Culture

Economy mainly based on,

  • Tourism (Hill stations like Manali, Shimla, Spiti)
  • Agriculture (especially apples, hence the nickname “Apple State”)

People celebrate Himachal Day through

  • Parades, folk dance/music
  • Traditional crafts and cuisine exhibitions

Top 5 Places to Visit in Himachal Pradesh

  • Dharamshala – Tibetan culture & the Dalai Lama’s residence
  • Manali – Snow adventure sports & scenic beauty
  • Kasauli – Colonial charm & quiet hill town
  • Spiti Valley – High-altitude desert & ancient monasteries
  • Kullu – Valley of Gods; famous for Dussehra & river rafting
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Himachal Day 2025 Date, History, Significance
Date of Himachal Day April 15
Celebrated Since 1948 (as a UT); Statehood in 1971
Statehood Day January 25, 1971
Capital Shimla
Chief Minister (2025) Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
Significance Celebrates formation, unity, culture, and development of the state
Key Tourist Attractions Dharamshala, Manali, Kasauli, Spiti Valley, Kullu
Languages Hindi (official), with several dialects like Pahari, Mandeali, etc.
Geography Alpine zone; Himalayan ranges (Zaskar, Dhauladhar, Pir Panjal)
Main Economic Activities Agriculture (especially apples), Tourism

Which is the Longest Seawall in the World?

Seawalls are strong barriers built along the coast to protect land from sea waves, storms and floods. They help keep homes, roads and farms near the ocean safe from damage. Many countries build seawalls for protection and safety. Some seawalls are short, while others are very long. One seawall in the world is the longest ever made. Let’s explore more about this amazing seawall and why is it important.

Longest Seawall in the World

The Saemangeum Seawall in South Korea is the longest man-made seawall in the world. It is 33 kilometers (21 miles) long and separates the Yellow Sea from what used to be the Saemangeum estuary. This huge structure was built to create new land for farming, industry and a freshwater lake.

Where is it Located?

The Saemangeum Seawall is on the south-west coast of South Korea, near the city of Gunsan. It connects Buan Country to Gunsan and is part of National Route 77.

Why was Saemangeum Seawall Built?

The South Korean government wanted to turn part of the sea into land. The goal was to grow crops, build factories and create a freshwater lake. The project aimed to add about 401 square kilometers of new area. This land was expected to help produce nearly 10% of South Korea’s rice.

How was it Made?

Construction started in 1991 and took many years. The seawall was completed in 2006 and officially opened in 2010. It cost billions of Korean won and involved massive amounts of work. The wall is about 36 meters high and up to 535 meters wide at its largest point.

Environmental Impact

The project caused serious damage to nature. Over 400 square kilometers of tidal mudflats were lost. These mudflats were important resting places for thousands of birds that fly long distances every year. Because of the seawall, many bird species, like the Far Eastern Curlew, are now in danger.

Water quality inside the seawall got worse. Red tides (harmful algae) became common. Fish and shellfish populations dropped. Even the soil and water started to show signs of pollution from chemicals.

Protests and Court Cases

From teh beginning, many people, especially environmental groups, were against the project. They went to court to try to stop the building, but they were not successful. However, their efforts led to the creation of the Wetland Conservation Act in 1999, which helps protect wetlands in South Korea today.

Saemangeum Seawall, In Modern Times

Today, the area is being used for new developmental projects. A floating solar power is also being planned in the seawall’s freshwater lake area. The seawall is now seen as an important part of South Korea’s economy, though the damage to nature still raises concern.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_15.1
SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_16.1

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