Who is Known as the Father of Indian Renaissance?

The Indian Renaissance was a time of great change, inspiring new ideas and progress in society. Visionary leaders worked to fight social evils, promote education and encourage equality. This period played a key role in shaping modern India by challenging outdated traditions and introducing reforms for a better and fairer society. It marked the beginning of India’s journey towards progress and enlightenment.

Father of Indian Renaissance

Raja Ram Mohan Roy, born in 1772, is known as the Father of Indian Renaissance for his role in reforming Indian society during the 19th century. He fought against social evils like sati and caste discrimination and promoted modern education and women’s rights. As the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, he advocated for monotheism and equality. His efforts inspired India’s progress toward modernization.

Early Life and Education

Ram Mohan Roy was born into  a noble Brahmin family. His father, Vaishnavite, and his mother, Shaivite, influenced his broad religious perspective. He was highly educated, mastering several languages, including Sanskrit, Persian, English, Arabic, Latin and Greek. His early education combined traditional learning and with exposure to modern ideas, shaping his intellectual outlook.

Contributions to Social Reforms

Ram Mohan Roy was a bold reformer who campaigned against harmful social practices like sati (the burning of widows), polygamy, child marriage and the dowry system. His efforts to abolish sati were particularly significant, as he worked tirelessly to convince the British government to outlaw this inhumane practice.

Promoter of Education

He believed education was essential for social progress. He established schools to introduce modern education in India, focusing on science, mathematics and Western ideas. His writings also highlighted the importance of integrating Indian traditions with Western knowledge.

Religious Reforms

Ram Mohan Roy sought to revive the pure principles of Vedanta philosophy. He preached the belief in one God, criticized idol worship and worked to eliminate caste-based discrimination. In 1828, he founded the Brahmo Sabha, which later evolved into the Brahmo Samaj, to promote monotheism and social reform.

Efforts in Politics and Administration

While working for the East India Company, Ram Mohan Roy observed the economic drain caused by British policies. He spoke out against this and argued for fairer governance. He also championed freedom of the press and equal rights for Indians under British rule.

Title of Raja

The Mughal emperor Akbar II conferred upon him the title of “Raja” in recognition of his efforts as an envoy to Britain. During his visit to England, he advocated for the rights of Indians and sought support for reforming Indian society.

Legacy of Ram Mohan Roy

Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s vision and tireless efforts earned him the title of the Father of Indian Renaissance. His legacy continues to inspire social reformers and thinkers. Through his advocacy for education, equality and justice, he paved the way for a modern India.

Adda247 Current Affairs Yearbook 2025: Your Ultimate All-in-One PDF!

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  • Schemes and Committees (January to December 2024)
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  • New Appointments: National & International (January to December 2024)
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Important News Included In Yearbook 2025

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  • T20 World Cup 2024

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Top Nutmeg Producing States in India, Know the Names

Nutmeg, also known as Jaiphal, is a popular spice used in cooking and traditional medicine. It is grown in tropical regions, and India is one of the top producers of nutmeg in the world. The country’s climate and soil are perfect for growing this aromatic spice. In this article, we will explore the top nutmeg producing states in India, highlighting their contribution to the spice industry.

Nutmeg Production in India

India produces about 5,537 tonnes of nutmeg annually. Kerala emerged as the largest producer, contributing a massive 95.68% to the country’s total nutmeg production. Kerala’s favorable climate and soil make it the top hub for nutmeg cultivation in India.

Top Nutmeg Producing States in India

India produces around 5,537 tons of nutmeg annually, with Kerala leading the way. Nutmeg is a popular spice grown in tropical regions and a few states dominate its production in the country. Let’s explore the top nutmeg-producing states in India.

  • Kerala
  • Karnataka
  • Maharashtra
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Other States

Largest Nutmeg Producing State in India, Kerala

Kerala is the largest producer of nutmeg in India, contributing a massive 95.68% to the country’s total production. Kerala produced 14.59 tons of nutmeg. The state’s warm, humid climate and fertile soil make it the ideal location for nutmeg cultivation.

Karnataka

Karnataka ranks second in nutmeg production in India, contributing 3.21% to the total. The state produced 0.49 tons of nutmeg. Regions like Coorg and Chimagalur are known for their spice farming, including nutmeg cultivation.

Maharashtra

Maharashtra is the third largest producer of nutmeg, with a share of 0.66%. The state produced 0.10 tons. Although Maharashtra’s production is smaller compared to Kerala and Karnataka, it plays a crucial role in India’s nutmeg industry.

Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu’s contributed 0.13% to India’s nutmeg production, with a total of 0.02 tons. The state’s coastal areas and hilly regions, such as the Nilgiris, provide favorable conditions for growing nutmeg on a smaller scale.

Other States

Other states collectively contributed 0.26% to India’s nutmeg production, producing 0.04% tonnes. While their share is small, these states still add value to the country’s overall spice production.

One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)

Launched on January 1, 2025, the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) initiative marks a significant advancement in India’s research and education landscape. This scheme aims to provide comprehensive access to international scholarly journals and articles for students, faculty, researchers, and scientists across the nation’s government higher education institutions (HEIs) and central government research and development (R&D) centres.

The overarching goal is to equip India’s academic and research communities with top-tier global resources, thereby fostering innovation and enhancing research quality across various disciplines.

Key Features of the ONOS Scheme

Extensive Access to Scholarly Journals: ONOS offers access to over 13,000 scholarly journals from 30 major international publishers, covering a wide array of disciplines including Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM), Medicine, Social Sciences, Finance, and Accounts.

Beneficiaries: The scheme benefits approximately 1.8 crore (18 million) students, faculty, and researchers across more than 6,300 government-managed HEIs and central government-managed R&D institutions.

Inclusive Access: ONOS ensures equitable access to research resources, particularly for institutions in tier 2 and tier 3 cities, thereby promoting knowledge dissemination across diverse regions.

Implementation and Funding

Centralized Management: The subscription process is centrally coordinated by the Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET), an autonomous inter-university centre under the University Grants Commission (UGC). INFLIBNET manages the distribution of digital access to these journals, ensuring a seamless experience for users.

Digital Access: Journals are accessible entirely through a digital platform, minimizing administrative complexities and providing on-demand access to users.

Government Allocation: A total of ₹6,000 crore has been allocated for the ONOS initiative, covering three years—2025, 2026, and 2027. This funding covers the subscription charges for all participating institutions across the three-year period.

Strategic Alignment with National Goals

The ONOS scheme aligns with India’s vision to become a self-reliant and developed nation by 2047, as outlined in the Viksitbharat@2047 roadmap. This initiative is a key component of the roadmap, envisioning India’s emergence as a leading global power driven by cutting-edge research, technological advancement, and self-sustained progress.

By providing digital access to over 13,000 journals from 30 international publishers, ONOS bridges gaps in research infrastructure across India. Through its phased implementation, the scheme significantly contributes to enhancing India’s academic and research excellence, fostering innovation, and positioning the country at the forefront of global scientific research.

Summary of the news

Why in News Details
Launch of ONOS The One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) scheme was launched on January 1, 2025, to provide access to international research journals for Indian students, faculty, and researchers.
Funding Allocation ₹6,000 crore allocated for the ONOS initiative for the years 2025, 2026, and 2027.
Beneficiaries 1.8 crore students, faculty, and researchers across 6,300 government-managed higher education institutions and central research institutions.
Journals Access Over 13,000 scholarly journals from 30 major international publishers across diverse disciplines.
Access Mode Managed by INFLIBNET, journals are accessible digitally through a centralized platform.
Objective To provide equitable access to research resources, especially for institutions in tier 2 and tier 3 cities.
Alignment with Vision The scheme is aligned with India’s goal to become a leading global research power by 2047.
Implementing Agency Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) under the University Grants Commission (UGC).

Sai Paranjpye to Receive Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award

Sai Paranjpye, a legendary director and writer in Indian cinema, is set to be honored with the Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award at the upcoming Ajanta-Ellora International Film Festival (AIFF) 2025. Known for her impactful slice-of-life films such as Sparsh, Chashme Buddoor, Katha, and Saaz, Paranjpye is regarded as a pillar of India’s parallel cinema movement, which gained prominence in the 1970s and 1980s. The award recognizes her extensive contributions to both Indian cinema and Marathi literature. The 10th edition of the festival is scheduled to take place in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar from January 15 to 19, 2025, where Paranjpye will be conferred with the prestigious award.

Key Points

Awards and Event

  • Sai Paranjpye will be awarded the Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award at the Ajanta-Ellora International Film Festival (AIFF) 2025.
  • The 10th edition of the AIFF will take place from January 15 to 19, 2025, in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar.
  • The award will be presented to Paranjpye at the opening ceremony on January 15, at the Rukmini Auditorium of MGM University Campus.

Contribution to Cinema

  • Paranjpye is known for slice-of-life films such as Sparsh, Chashme Buddoor, Katha, and Saaz.
  • A prominent figure in India’s parallel cinema movement alongside directors like Shyam Benegal, Govind Nihalani, and Mani Kaul.
  • She has also contributed to Marathi literature with plays such as Jaswandi, Sakkhe Shejari, and Albel.

Career Highlights

  • Paranjpye, 86 years old, has received four National Awards.
  • She served as the Chairperson of the Children’s Film Society of India (CFSI) twice.
  • In 2006, she was awarded the Padma Bhushan for her contributions to Indian cinema.
  • Paranjpye is also a graduate of Delhi’s National School of Drama.

Award Details

  • The Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award includes a Padmapani memento, a letter of honour, and a monetary reward of Rs 2 lakh.
  • The Padmapani Award Selection Committee includes prominent figures such as Latika Padgaonkar (chairperson), Ashutosh Gowariker, and Sunil Sukthankar.

Significance

  • This recognition celebrates Paranjpye’s remarkable journey and contributions to both Indian cinema and literature, reflecting her legacy as one of the most influential filmmakers of her generation.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Sai Paranjpye to Receive Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award
Festival Ajanta-Ellora International Film Festival (AIFF) 2025
Event Dates January 15-19, 2025
Award Presentation Date January 15, 2025, Rukmini Auditorium, MGM University Campus, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar
Notable Films Sparsh, Chashme Buddoor, Katha, Saaz
Key Contribution Parallel cinema, Marathi literature, children’s films
Career Highlights Four-time National Award winner, Padma Bhushan (2006), Chairperson of CFSI
Award Components Padmapani memento, letter of honour, Rs 2 lakh monetary reward
Selection Committee Latika Padgaonkar (Chairperson), Ashutosh Gowariker, Sunil Sukthankar

Odia Poet Prativa Satpathy to Receive Gangadhar National Award

The Gangadhar National Award for Poetry 2023 will be conferred upon the renowned Odia poet Prativa Satpathy by Sambalpur University on its 58th foundation day on January 5. The award, instituted in 1989, recognizes excellence in the field of poetry and is named after the eminent Odia poet Gangadhar Meher. Over the years, many distinguished poets have received the award, and Prativa Satpathy is the latest recipient. This award aims to honor poets who have made significant contributions to the literary world.

Key Points

  • Recipient: Prativa Satpathy, an acclaimed Odia poet and Sahitya Akademi Award winner, will be honored with the Gangadhar National Award for Poetry 2023.
  • Award Ceremony: The award will be presented on the occasion of Sambalpur University’s 58th foundation day on January 5, 2025.

Award History

  • The Gangadhar National Award, named after Gangadhar Meher, was established in 1989 and first awarded in 1991.
  • The award has been presented annually during the university’s foundation day celebrations.

Award Details

  • The award includes a citation, shawl, and a cash prize of ₹1,00,000.
  • Previous recipients include notable poets such as Gulzar, Kedar Nath Singh, and Ayyapa Panikar.

About Prativa Satpathy

  • Prativa Satpathy became prominent in the 1960s with her work ‘Sesha Janha.’
  • Her writings have been translated into various Indian and foreign languages.
  • She is also the recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award.

Award Criteria

  • The award is given for excellence in poetry and is conferred after a thorough selection process, often delayed by a year.
  • The Gangadhar National Award honors poets who have made an impact on the literary world, specifically in poetry.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Odia Poet Prativa Satpathy to Receive Gangadhar National Award
Award Gangadhar National Award for Poetry
Recipient Prativa Satpathy
Award Year 2023
Presented By Sambalpur University
Occasion 58th Foundation Day of Sambalpur University
Award Date January 5, 2025
Named After Gangadhar Meher
Award History Established in 1989, first awarded in 1991
Award Components Citation, shawl, ₹1,00,000 cash prize
Previous Recipients
Gulzar, Kedar Nath Singh, Ayyapa Panikar, etc.
Poet’s Recognition
Sahitya Akademi Award recipient, prominent since 1960s
Selection Process
Thorough and delayed by one year

RBI’s Guidelines on Government Debt Relief Scheme

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued detailed guidelines for lenders participating in the Government Debt Relief Scheme, aiming to provide structured relief to borrowers facing financial distress. This initiative aligns with the RBI’s ongoing efforts to enhance financial stability and support economic recovery.

Crux of the Guidelines

The RBI’s guidelines outline the framework for lenders to offer debt relief to borrowers impacted by financial challenges. The scheme is designed to facilitate the restructuring of loans, ensuring that borrowers receive the necessary support while maintaining the integrity of the financial system.

Key Components of the Scheme

Eligibility Criteria: The scheme targets borrowers who have demonstrated a consistent repayment history but are currently facing financial difficulties due to unforeseen circumstances.

Restructuring Framework: Lenders are permitted to restructure loans by extending repayment periods, reducing interest rates, or converting a portion of the debt into equity, subject to specific conditions.

Regulatory Oversight: The RBI will monitor the implementation of the scheme to ensure compliance with established guidelines and to maintain financial stability.

Historical Context

This initiative builds upon previous measures taken by the RBI to address financial stress among borrowers. Notably, in 2016, Hindustan Construction Company (HCC) became the first firm to receive debt relief under the RBI’s Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Assets (S4A), which allowed banks to convert a portion of the company’s loans into equity or debentures.

Implications for Lenders and Borrowers

For Lenders: The guidelines provide a structured approach to managing distressed assets, enabling banks to offer relief to borrowers while safeguarding their financial interests.

For Borrowers: The scheme offers a pathway to financial recovery, allowing businesses and individuals to restructure their debts and continue operations without the immediate threat of insolvency.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
RBI issues guidelines for lenders on participation in the Government Debt Relief Scheme to help borrowers restructure loans impacted by financial distress. – Scheme targets borrowers facing financial distress, offering loan restructuring options.
The guidelines permit lenders to extend repayment terms, reduce interest rates, or convert part of the debt into equity. – Lenders can restructure loans by extending repayment terms, reducing interest rates, or converting debt into equity.
The scheme focuses on maintaining financial stability and ensuring compliance with the regulatory framework. – RBI will monitor and ensure adherence to guidelines to maintain financial system integrity.
The RBI has implemented this scheme to mitigate financial difficulties faced by borrowers due to unforeseen challenges. – Scheme provides a clear pathway for financial recovery for borrowers impacted by unforeseen circumstances.
This scheme is aligned with previous RBI measures to assist borrowers, such as the Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Assets (S4A) introduced in 2016. – Past measures like S4A have allowed loan restructuring, with Hindustan Construction Company being the first firm to benefit.

Pakistan Begins Two-Year Term as Non-Permanent UNSC Member

On January 1, 2025, Pakistan commenced its two-year tenure as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). This marks Pakistan’s eighth term on the 15-member council, succeeding Japan as the Asian representative. Ambassador Munir Akram emphasized Pakistan’s commitment to playing an “active and constructive” role in addressing global challenges.

Key Details

Election and Term Details: Pakistan secured its seat with 182 votes in the 193-member General Assembly, surpassing the required two-thirds majority. The term commenced on January 1, 2025, and will conclude on December 31, 2026.

Presidency and Committee Involvement: In July 2025, Pakistan will preside over the UNSC, setting the council’s agenda. Additionally, Pakistan will serve on the Islamic State (ISIS) and Al Qaeda Sanctions Committee, responsible for designating terrorist entities and imposing sanctions.

Historical Context: This is Pakistan’s eighth term on the UNSC, with previous terms in 2012-13, 2003-04, 1993-94, 1983-84, 1976-77, 1968-69, and 1952-53.

Global Challenges: Ambassador Akram highlighted the current geopolitical turbulence, including intense competition between major powers, ongoing conflicts in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, and a rising arms race. He emphasized Pakistan’s role in promoting peace, resolving disputes, and combating terrorism.

Regional Dynamics: Pakistan’s tenure coincides with significant regional issues, such as the Kashmir dispute and political crises in Central and West Asia. Ambassador Akram reiterated Pakistan’s commitment to highlighting the Kashmir issue and advocating for concrete steps from the international community.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
Pakistan begins its two-year term as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council (UNSC). – Term began on January 1, 2025, and will end on December 31, 2026.
Pakistan secured 182 votes in the UN General Assembly. – Pakistan’s eighth term on UNSC.
Pakistan will preside over UNSC in July 2025. – Focus on promoting peace, resolving disputes, and addressing global conflicts.
Pakistan will serve on the Islamic State (ISIS) and Al Qaeda Sanctions Committee. – Responsible for designating terrorist entities and imposing sanctions.
Previous UNSC terms: 2012-13, 2003-04, 1993-94, 1983-84, 1976-77, 1968-69, 1952-53. – Pakistan’s role in global peace and security.
Ambassador Munir Akram emphasized Pakistan’s commitment to an active and constructive role. – Pakistan will address global and regional challenges.
Key issues highlighted by Ambassador Akram: geopolitical turbulence, conflicts in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and arms races. – Pakistan to focus on combating terrorism and promoting multilateral cooperation.
Pakistan intends to raise the Kashmir issue during its term. – Advocate for concrete international action on the Kashmir dispute.

Longest-Running TV Shows in the History, Check the List

Some TV shows become so loved that they last for decades, entertaining generations of viewers. These long-running shows have strong stories, memorable characters, and a special charm that keeps people coming back year after year. From animated comedies to dramatic soap operas, those shows have made history by staying on air for an incredibly long time. Let’s explore some of the longest-running TV shows in history.

Longest-Running TV Show in the History

The longest-running TV show is “General Hospital” on ABC. It has been airing since 1963 and has aired over 13,550 episodes. This daytime drama is set in Port Charles and focuses on the lives, relationships and dramas of its residents. It holds the record as the longest-running drama in TV history.

List of Longest-Running TV Shows in the History

Longest-running TV shows have captured audiences for decades with their engaging stories. From soap operas to animated series, these shows have become part of television history, with some running for over 50 years and continuing to entertain viewers worldwide.

Here is the list of longest-running TV shows in the history:

Network Show Name Years Active Episodes Description
NBC Saturday Night Live 1975-present 981 A sketch comedy show featuring a mix of celebrity guest appearance and musical performances.
CBS The Young and the Restless 1973-present 13,297 A drama about two rich families in a town, focusing on love and business.
ABC General Hospital 1963-present 13,550 A daytime drama about people living in a hospital and their personal lives.
FOX The Simpsons 1989-present 780 An animated show that makes fun of American culture through the Simpson family.
The CW Supernatural 2005-2020 327 A show about two brothers fighting monsters and other supernatural beings.
PBS Sesame Street 1969-present 3,180 An educational show for kids with puppets and live actors teaching fun topics.
PBS Kids Arthur 1996-2022 259 An animated series about Arthur the aardvark and his life lessons.
Univision Sabado gigante 1986-2015 1,594 A Spanish show with music comedy, and audience games.
TBS House of Payne 2006-present 372 A sitcom about a family living together in Atlanta.
TLC Little People, Big World 2006-present 392 A reality show following the lives of a family with dwarfism.
HBO Curb Your Enthusiasm 2000-present 120 A comedy starring Larry David as the deals with life’s small annoyances.
Showtime Shameless 2011-2021 134 A drama-comedy about a family with a wild father and loyal children.
USA Network Suits 2011-2019 134 A legal drama about a man without a law degree working in a big law firm.
Freeform Pretty Little Liars 2010-2017 160 A mystery show about four girls hiding secrets after one disappears.
Nickelodeon SpongeBob SquarePants 1999-present 322 An animated show about a sea sponge who works at a restaurant and has fun.
BET Being Mary Jane 2013-2019 52 A drama about a TV anchor juggling her work and personal life.
Bravo TV The Real Housewives of Orange Country 2006-present 334 A reality show about rich women in Southern California.
MTV The Real World 1992-present 654 A reality show where young people live together and face different challenges.
CMT Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders: Making the Team 2006-present 168 A reality series about the audition process for the Cowboys cheerleaders.
Paramount Network Yellowstone 2018-2024 53 A drama about a family trying to protect their ranch from others.
Disney Channel Bunk’d 2015-2024 161 A family show about kids having adventures and making friends at a summer camp.
A&E The First 48 2004-present 583 A true crime show about detectives solving murders within the first 48 hours.
Lifetime Army Wives 2007-2013 117 A drama about women married to soldiers and their lives in the military.
AMC The Walking Dead 2010-2022 177 A horror series about people surviving in a world filled with zombies.
Discovery Channel MythBusters 2003-2018 300 A show where hosts test out popular myths and stories using science.

 

Arif Mohammad Khan Takes Oath as Bihar’s New Governor

Arif Mohammad Khan was sworn in as the 42nd Governor of Bihar, succeeding Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar, who has been appointed as the Governor of Kerala. The ceremony took place at the Raj Bhawan, where Patna High Court Chief Justice K. Vinod Chandran administered the oath in the presence of several key political figures, including Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and Leader of the Opposition Tejashwi Yadav.

Key Points

Appointment

  • Arif Mohammad Khan succeeded Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar as the Governor of Bihar.

Oath Ceremony

  • The oath was administered by Patna High Court Chief Justice K. Vinod Chandran at the Raj Bhawan.

Political Attendance

  • Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, his deputies, and Leader of Opposition Tejashwi Yadav were present at the ceremony.

Personal Visit

  • Before the oath, Mr. Khan visited Nitish Kumar’s ancestral village of Kalyanbigha and paid tribute to Kumar’s late mother, Parmeshwari Devi.

Bihar’s Heritage

  • Mr. Khan expressed his commitment to serving Bihar and highlighted the state’s glorious history and tradition.

Political Background

  • Mr. Khan’s previous tenure as Kerala Governor was marked by disputes with the state government over university vice-chancellor appointments.

Critical Year

  • Mr. Khan assumes office at a crucial time, with Bihar’s state assembly elections expected in October or November 2025.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Arif Mohammad Khan Takes Oath as Bihar’s New Governor
New Governor Arif Mohammad Khan
Successor Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
Oath Administered by Patna High Court Chief Justice K. Vinod Chandran
Key Attendees CM Nitish Kumar, Deputies, Leader of Opposition Tejashwi Yadav
Personal Visits Visited Kalyanbigha, paid tribute to CM Nitish Kumar’s late mother
Bihar’s Glorious History Khan emphasized Bihar’s heritage and history as his inspiration for service
Political Background Mr. Khan had conflicts with Kerala government during his tenure as Governor of Kerala
Critical Year for Bihar Bihar is heading into a year of state assembly elections, likely to take place in October/November 2025
Who is Known as the Father of Indian Renaissance?_13.1

Monthly Current Affairs

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