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SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF

The SBI Clerk Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation.

To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI Clerk Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI Clerk Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI Clerk Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI Clerk Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI Clerk General Awareness PDF (Part-1 and 2): Click Here

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Topics Covered in the SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI Clerk is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.
Featured

States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

NASA Welcomes Bangladesh as the Newest Artemis Accords Signatory

Bangladesh became the 54th country to sign the Artemis Accords, a significant agreement promoting the peaceful, sustainable, and transparent exploration of space. The signing ceremony took place in Dhaka, with Ashraf Uddin, Bangladesh’s Secretary of Defense, representing the nation. NASA acting Administrator Janet Petro expressed excitement over Bangladesh’s commitment to contributing to the next era of space exploration, including the Moon missions under the Artemis program.

Key Highlights

Bangladesh’s Commitment to Space Exploration

  • Bangladesh signs the Artemis Accords on April 8, 2025, becoming the 54th signatory.
  • The country is committed to ensuring safe, sustainable, and transparent space exploration.
  • The signing reaffirms Bangladesh’s position in the international space community and emphasizes cooperation with NASA and other spacefaring nations.

Significance of the Artemis Accords

  • The Artemis Accords, established in 2020, are a set of guidelines for safe and responsible space exploration.
  • These accords aim to reduce operational risks and uncertainties, promoting international collaboration.
  • The accords are based on international treaties like the Outer Space Treaty, the Registration Convention, and the Rescue and Return Agreement.

International Collaboration

  • NASA Acting Administrator Janet Petro congratulated Bangladesh, highlighting its role in shaping the future of space exploration.
  • Muhammad Yunus, Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor, emphasized the importance of open and peaceful space exploration for the global community.
  • Charge d’Affaires Tracey Jacobson from the U.S. Embassy in Dhaka also participated in the ceremony, reinforcing bilateral collaboration.

The Artemis Program and Bangladesh

  • NASA’s Artemis program aims to return humans to the Moon, setting the stage for future missions to Mars.
  • Bangladesh’s signing of the accords enhances its engagement in space activities, opening doors to joint missions and technology sharing.

Global Impact

  • The Artemis Accords have now been signed by more than 50 nations, reflecting growing international cooperation in civil space exploration.
  • The signing countries agree to follow best practices, including the public release of scientific data to benefit humanity.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? NASA Welcomes Bangladesh as the Newest Artemis Accords Signatory
Bangladesh’s Role Bangladesh becomes the 54th nation to sign the Artemis Accords
Artemis Accords Purpose Promotes safe, sustainable, and transparent exploration of space
Key Signatories Ashraf Uddin (Bangladesh’s Secretary of Defense) and NASA officials
Global Impact Over 50 countries now committed to the Accords
NASA’s Mission Aims to return humans to the Moon and prepare for future Mars missions
International Collaboration Enhances global space cooperation, including NASA-Bangladesh ties
Legal Framework Based on the Outer Space Treaty, Registration Convention, and other agreements

SGPT Full Form, Know About Its Meaning, Significance, Features and Benefits

SGPT is a common term that many people hear during medical checkups, especially in blood test reports. It is related to liver health and helps doctors understand how well the liver is working. Sometimes, this term can sound confusing to people who are not from a medical background. In this article, we will know what SGPT means, why it is important and how it affects our health.

Full Form of SGPT

The full form of SGPT is Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase. It is also known as ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase). SGPT is an important enzyme found in our body, especially in the liver. This enzyme helps in breaking down proteins and is mostly found in liver cells. If the liver gets damaged, SGPT levels in the blood increase.

Why SGPT is Important?

SGPT is mainly found in the liver. When there is any kind of liver disease or damage, SGPT gets released into the blood. So, doctors check SGPT levels to understand how well the liver is working. High SGPT can be a sign of liver problems or other health conditions.

When is the SGPT Test Done?

The SGPT test is done when a person shows signs of liver issues like:

  • Jaundice (yellow skin or eyes)
  • Dark-colored urine
  • Vomiting or nausea
  • Pain in the upper right part of the belly

It also helps detect:

  • Liver infections like hepatitis
  • Alcohol-related liver damage
  • Liver problems due to obesity or diabetes
  • Heart attack or muscle diseases

Normal Range of SGPT

A normal SGPT level in the body is usually 7 to 56 units per liter of blood. This range might change slightly from one lab to another. If SGPT levels are higher than this, it could mean liver trouble.

Advantages of the SGPT Test

The SGPT blood test has many benefits:

  • It shows if your liver is healthy or damaged.
  • Helps track if SGPT levels are stable or rising.
  • Helps diagnose liver diseases like hepatitis and jaundice.
  • Doctors can plan better treatment after checking SGPT levels.

Features of the SGPT Test

  • A small blood sample of about 5 ml is needed.
  • Many labs use a safe and simple method.
  • Test results help detect problems early.
  • Useful in checking health problems like hepatitis, heart attack, obesity, diabetes, gallbladder issues etc.

How to Control High SGPT Levels?

If your SGPT is high, some lifestyle changes can help:

  • Eat healthy foods rich in Vitamin D.
  • Avoid oily and junk food.
  • Do regular exercises like walking, swimming or jogging.
  • Avoid alcohol and follow your doctor’s advice.

These steps can help lower SGPT levels and keep your liver healthy.

Risks of SGPT Test

The SGPT test is safe, but a few small risks include:

  • Slight pain or scar where the needle is used.
  • Small swelling under the skin called a hematoma.
  • Rarely, there can be a minor infection at the infection site.

These are not serious and can be easily treated.

India-UAE Strengthen To Enhance Strategic Partnership

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Dubai Crown Prince Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum held high-level discussions in New Delhi on April 8, 2025, aimed at enhancing the India-UAE Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Their talks focused on strengthening cooperation in defence, coast guard operations, trade, technology, space, and people-to-people ties. Sheikh Hamdan’s first official visit to India as crown prince marked a significant milestone in bilateral relations, underscoring shared strategic priorities and mutual economic interests.

Key Highlights

Defence and Security Cooperation

  • India and UAE agreed to deepen defence and Coast Guard cooperation.
  • A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed to formalise Coast Guard collaboration.
  • Talks between Sheikh Hamdan and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh emphasised scaling defence ties to match trade growth.

Key focus areas include

  • Joint training exchanges
  • Co-production and co-development projects
  • Defence manufacturing collaborations
  • Both sides welcomed the India-UAE Defence Partnership Forum.
  • Complementarity between Make-in-India and Make-in-Emirates initiatives was discussed.

High-Level Diplomatic Engagements

  • PM Modi described Sheikh Hamdan’s visit as a reaffirmation of the “deep-rooted friendship”.
  • External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar also met with Sheikh Hamdan, expressing appreciation for the strong ties.
  • Sheikh Hamdan described India-UAE relations as being “built on trust, shaped by history.”

Trade and Economic Cooperation

  • Dubai Chamber hosted the Dubai-India Business Forum in Mumbai with 200 Indian business leaders.

Key trade stats,

  • India-UAE non-oil trade in 2023: $54.2 billion
  • Dubai-India bilateral trade: $45.4 billion
  • Dubai’s investment in India: $4.68 billion

In 2024

  • 16,623 Indian companies joined the Dubai Chamber of Commerce.
  • Indian companies in Dubai now total over 70,000.

Connectivity and People-to-People Ties

  • Dubai welcomed 3.14 million South Asian visitors in 2024, with India as the largest source.
  • Leaders emphasized the role of connectivity, culture, and historical links in bolstering bilateral ties.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? India-UAE Strengthen To Enhance Strategic Partnership
Defence Cooperation MoU on Coast Guard collaboration; focus on training, co-production, and innovation
Diplomatic Engagement PM Modi & Sheikh Hamdan discussed strategic cooperation; met Rajnath Singh & Jaishankar
Economic & Trade Relations $54.2B non-oil trade; 70K+ Indian companies in Dubai; growing UAE investment in India
Business Forum Dubai-India Business Forum held in Mumbai with 200 business leaders
Tourism & People Exchange Dubai received 3.14M South Asian visitors in 2024, India being the top contributor
Industrial Collaboration Emphasis on Make-in-India and Make-in-Emirates synergy

Dadi Ratan Mohini Spiritual Head of Brahma Kumaris Passed Away

Dadi Ratan Mohini, the spiritual head of the Brahma Kumaris, passed away at a private hospital in Ahmedabad, shortly after celebrating her 100th birthday on March 25. She was a guiding force of the world-renowned spiritual organisation and served as its chief administrator since 2021. Born in Hyderabad, Sindh (now in Pakistan), she dedicated her life to promoting peace, values, and spiritual consciousness across the globe, including at international platforms such as the World Peace Conference in 1954. Her demise marks the end of a long and devoted journey in the spiritual upliftment of humanity.

Key Points

Dadi Ratan Mohini’s Details

  • Full Name at Birth: Lakshmi
  • Spiritual Name: Dadi Ratan Mohini
  • Born: March 25, 1925, in Hyderabad, Sindh (pre-Partition India, now in Pakistan)
  • Passed Away: April 8, 2025, at the age of 100, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Position

  • Position: Chief Administrator of Brahma Kumaris (from 2021 till death)
  • Predecessor: Dadi Janki, who passed away in 2020 at the age of 104
  • Early Life: Born into a prosperous, devout family; migrated to India after Partition

Global Recognition

  • Global Representation: Represented the organisation at the World Peace Conference in Japan (1954)
  • International Outreach: Traveled to Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and more
  • Major Pilgrimage Journey: In 2006, undertook a 31,000-km spiritual journey
  • Contribution: Promoted moral and cultural values through teachings and pilgrimages

Condolences Expressed By

  • President Droupadi Murmu – stated that Dadi had a significant influence on her personal journey
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi
  • Rajasthan CM Bhajan Lal Sharma
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Dadi Ratan Mohini Spiritual Head of Brahma Kumaris Passed Away
Age at Death 100 years
Organization Brahma Kumaris
Role Chief Administrator (since 2021)
Predecessor Dadi Janki (d. 2020, aged 104)
Key Events World Peace Conference (1954), 31,000-km yatra (2006)
Countries Visited Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia
Resting Place Shantivan, Abu Road
Leaders Who Paid Tribute President Murmu, PM Modi, CM Bhajan Lal Sharma

The India I Saw: A Glimpse into the Life of S. Ambujammal

S. Ambujammal (1899–1981) was a remarkable woman who transformed her privileged yet troubled beginnings into a life of selfless service and nationalistic fervor. A staunch Gandhian and committed social reformer, she became a key figure in India’s freedom movement and later in social welfare, particularly for women. Her biography, Naan Kanda Bharatham, translated into English as The India I Saw, presents her profound journey through India’s socio-political landscape. Her story is a testament to personal resilience, quiet rebellion, and deep commitment to Gandhi’s ideals.

Key Highlights of S. Ambujammal’s Life

Background and Lineage

  • Born into a prestigious Iyengar family in Madras.
  • Granddaughter of Sir V. Bhashyam Iyengar and daughter of Sriman Srinivasa Iyengar, a renowned legal figure.
  • Raised in Amjad Baugh on Luz Church Road, a household of privilege but emotional neglect.

Early Struggles

  • Considered unwanted due to her gender and fragile health.
  • Endured an unhappy marriage with Desikachari; faced family turmoil, including her husband’s mental breakdown and a drifting child.

Turning Point – Influence of Mahatma Gandhi

  • Met Mahatma Gandhi and Kasturba in 1915; this encounter transformed her life.
  • Gandhi inspired her to engage in the national movement and discover her purpose.

Role in the Freedom Movement

  • Active participation in the freedom struggle — picketing shops, organizing protests, and facing imprisonment.
  • Defied her father in a non-violent Gandhian spirit.

Literary and Linguistic Contributions

  • Acquired fluency in Hindi and translated works of writers like Munshi Premchand into Tamil.
  • Her translation of Seva Sadan became M.S. Subbulakshmi’s debut film.
  • Translated Tulsi Ramayana into Tamil at Gandhi’s request.

Post-Independence Contributions

  • Founded the Srinivasa Gandhi Nilayam (SGN) in 1948 to serve women and the poor.
  • SGN still operates quietly and effectively from her residence in Alwarpet, Chennai.
  • Ashes from Gandhi’s pyre are buried under a Tulasi holder at SGN’s entrance.

Leadership Roles

  • Chairperson of the Madras Social Welfare Board.
  • Key organizer of the 1955 Avadi Congress Session.

Legacy

  • Streets in Alwarpet named after her and her father.
  • She remains the most well-remembered figure from her distinguished family line.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? The India I Saw: A Glimpse into the Life of S. Ambujammal
Birth & Death 1899–1981
Family Background Daughter of Sriman Srinivasa Iyengar; granddaughter of V. Bhashyam Iyengar
Turning Point Meeting with Mahatma Gandhi in 1915
Freedom Movement Role Picketing, organizing protests, imprisoned
Literary Contributions Translated Hindi literature into Tamil; translated Tulsi Ramayana
Film Contribution Seva Sadanam (based on her translation) – M.S. Subbulakshmi’s debut
Founded Srinivasa Gandhi Nilayam (1948)
Leadership Positions Chairperson of Madras Social Welfare Board; led Avadi Congress (1955)
Legacy Street in Alwarpet named after her; ashes of Gandhi at SGN
Key Traits Gandhian, patriot, reformer, writer, resilient woman

Which Country is Known as the Land of Horses?

Some countries are famous for their deep connection with animals. In one such country, a special animal has played a big role in history, culture and daily life for centuries. This animal has helped people travel, work and even win battles. It is strong, fast and well-suited to the land’s harsh weather. Even today, it remains an important part of the country’s traditions.

Land of Horses

Mongolia is known as the “Land of the Horses” because horses are a big part of life there. They are used for travel, herding animals and even in festivals. Horses are deeply respected in Mongolian culture and history. The country has more horses than people, showing their great importance.

Why is Mongolia Known as the Land of Horses?

Mongolia is called the “Land of Horses” because horses are a big part of life. People use them for travel, work and festivals. Horses also have cultural importance and are symbols of strength and freedom. Here are some reasons why Mongolia earned the title of Land of Horses:

Historical Importance

Horses helped the Mongol Empire become strong. In the past, Mongolian warriors used horses in battles. The horses helped them travel fast and win wars.

Nomadic Life

Most Mongolian people live a nomadic life. They move from place to place with their animals. Horses are used to herd sheep, goats, cows and camels. People also ride them to travel across long distances.

Economic Use

Horses in Mongolia are not just for riding. They give milk (used to make a drink called airag), meat and are used in racing and festivals.

Cultural Symbol

Horses are respected in Mongolian culture. They are seen as symbols of freedom, strength and success. Many songs, stories and ceremonies in Mongolia are about horses.

More Horses than People

Mongolia has more horses than people! This shows how important horses are in everyday life.

Early Domestication

Horses were domesticated in Mongolia as early as 2000 BC. The Mongolian horse is one of the oldest breeds in the world. These horses are small, strong and can live in cold weather.

An Overview of Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia. It is between Russia and China. The land is large but not many people live there. The country is full of wide grasslands (called steppes), mountains and deserts like the Gobi Desert.

Mongolia’s people are known for their hospitality, love for nature and strong bond with animals, especially horses. Their way of life is simple but rich in tradition and closely tied to the land.

Dr. Mohan Rajan Elected Vice-President of All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS)

In a prestigious recognition of his contributions to eye care, Dr. Mohan Rajan, Chairman and Medical Director of Rajan Eye Care Hospital, has been elected as the Vice-President of the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS). Representing a network of over 29,000 ophthalmologists across India, AIOS is one of the largest professional medical bodies in the country. Dr. Rajan’s election was formally announced during the AIOS general body meeting held at the Asia Pacific Academy Congress in New Delhi on April 5, 2025.

Dr. Mohan Rajan’s Appointment

New Role

  • Elected Vice-President of the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS).

Current Position

  • Chairman and Medical Director of Rajan Eye Care Hospital, Chennai.

Large Membership Base

  • AIOS has a strong network of over 29,000 ophthalmologists across India.

Announcement Date

  • Election results were declared on April 5, 2025, at the Asia Pacific Academy Congress, New Delhi.

State Representation

  • Dr. Rajan is the fifth ophthalmologist from Tamil Nadu to be elected to this top post in AIOS history, spanning 84 years.

Future Leadership Role

  • Dr. Rajan is expected to take over as President of AIOS in 2027.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Dr. Mohan Rajan Elected Vice-President of All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS)
Designation Vice-President, All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS)
Current Role Chairman & Medical Director, Rajan Eye Care Hospital
Organization AIOS (29,000+ ophthalmologist members)
State Tamil Nadu
Future Role President of AIOS (to assume office in 2027)

Viral Davda Appointed Deputy CIO at Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

In a significant move to strengthen its technological capabilities, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) has appointed Viral Davda as its new Deputy Chief Information Officer (CIO). With over two decades of experience in the tech and financial sectors, Davda’s appointment aligns with BSE’s vision to modernize and scale its IT infrastructure in response to the rapidly evolving financial ecosystem. His proven leadership in managing complex IT transformations and innovations will play a critical role in enhancing BSE’s operational excellence and technological resilience.

Key Highlights – Viral Davda’s Appointment

New Role at BSE

  • Appointed as Deputy Chief Information Officer to lead technological advancements at BSE.

Over 20 Years of Experience

  • Brings extensive expertise in IT strategy, innovation, and project management.

Previous Role at NCDEX

  • Served over 15 years at National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited, including as CTO since April 2021.

Led Key Digital Projects

  • Successfully implemented hybrid cloud transitions and introduced innovative IT solutions to optimize operations.

Award-Winning Professional

  • Recognized as CTO of the Year (NBFC category) at the 2022 BFSI Technology Excellence Awards.

BSE’s Tech Capabilities

  • BSE handles 400GB data ingestion daily and processes 100,000 orders per second, showing high-level IT infrastructure.

Strategic Leadership

  • Expected to guide IT infrastructure modernization and boost innovation to meet dynamic market requirements.

Focus on Future-Ready Systems

  • Appointment reflects BSE’s goal of building scalable and secure tech systems to handle modern financial challenges.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Viral Davda Appointed Deputy CIO at Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
Appointee Viral Davda
Designation Deputy Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Organization Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
Previous Experience 15+ years at NCDEX, last as Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
Recognition CTO of the Year (NBFC) – 2022 BFSI Technology Excellence Awards
Key Projects at NCDEX Hybrid cloud adoption, operational innovation
BSE’s Data Capability 400GB/day data ingestion, 100,000 orders/sec handling capacity
Strategic Goal Strengthen IT infrastructure and support BSE’s vision for innovation

RBI Monetary Policy 2025: Bi-Monthly Highlights

The Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has announced the outcome of its first policy review of the new financial year. RBI MPC voted unanimously for the repo rate to be reduced by 25 bps to 6%, effective immediately. The RBI MPC reduces the SDF rate to 5.75% and the MSF rate to 6.25%.

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) held its 54th meeting from April 7 to 9, 2025 under the chairmanship of Shri Sanjay Malhotra, Governor, Reserve Bank of India. The MPC members Dr. Nagesh Kumar, Shri Saugata Bhattacharya, Prof. Ram Singh, Dr. Rajiv Ranjan, and Shri M. Rajeshwar Rao attended the meeting. The remaining meetings for this year are scheduled for June 4–6, August 5–7, September 29–October 1, December 3–5, and February 4–6.

Current Rate

Policy Rate
Policy Repo Rate 6.00%
Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) Rate 5.75%
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) Rate 6.25%
Bank Rate 6.25%
Fixed Reverse Repo Rate 3.35%

RBI Guv Announces Six Additional Measures

  • Propose to enable the securitisation of stressed assets;
  • Guidelines on co-lending are to be extended to all regulated entities on all loans.
  • Regulations for loans against collateral against gold;
  • Comprehensive guidelines on partial credit enhancement by regulated entities;
  • NPCI, in consultation with banks and stakeholders, to get the freedom to revise the transaction limit for UPI in person-to-merchant transactions from Rs 2,00,000.
  • Regulatory soundbox to be theme-neutral, on-tap.

Check out the latest GDP growth projections by the RBI

GDP Growth Projections Previous Now
FY26 6.7% 6.5%
Q1FY26 6.7% 6.5%
Q2FY26 7.0% 6.7%
Q3FY26 6.5% 6.6%
Q4FY26 6.5% 6.3%

Check out the latest CPI inflation projections by RBI

CPI Inflation Projections Previous Now
FY26 4.2% 4.0%
Q1FY26 4.5% 3.6%
Q2FY26 4.0% 3.9%
Q3FY26 3.8% 3.8%
Q4FY26 4.2% 4.4%
GA Power Capsule
SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_15.1

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