PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India’s Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley

In a recent report American multi-national investment bank and financial company Morgan Stanley has all praise for PM Gati Shakti scheme. The report highlights increased and more targeted investments, suggesting a continued emphasis on infrastructure spending in India’s future.

What does the report say?

The report says India has scaled up its infrastructure strongly over the last decade, investment is not only increasing but it is better targeted and potentially more productive. The report further adds India’s thrust on infrastructure spending is set to continue. The report said, “We expect India’s infrastructure investment to steadily increase from 5.3 per cent of GDP in F24 to 6.5 per cent of GDP by F29. Indeed, this implies that infrastructure investments are expected to register a strong 15.3 per cent CAGR, resulting in cumulative spending of USD 1.45 trillion over the next five years. In our view, this will help to lift the investment rate, leading to a sustained period of high productive growth.” According to the report, contrary to popular perception, India’s physical infrastructure scale already compares favorably to China’s when viewed in the context of GDP differential. Talking about PM Gati Shakti scheme, it says it has given a new filip to the infrastructure development and multi-modal connectivity.

World Bank’s Logistics Index Report, 2023

The report cites World Bank’s Logistics Index Report, 2023, it says the average Container Dwell Time in India was three days compared to four days for countries like the UAE and South Africa, seven days for the USA, and 10 days for Germany. In addition, Indian Ports “turnaround time” has reached 0.9 days, which is better than the USA (1.5 days), Australia (1.7 days), Singapore (1.0 days), etc. 6. In F24, ports overall cargo growth was 7 per cent, with 53 per cent of cargo handled by major ports (government-owned).

PM Gati Shakti

PM Narendra Modi has launched the PM Gati Shakti National master plan for infrastructure development in Oct 2021. Essentially a digital platform to bring 16 ministries including Railways and Roadways together for integrated planning and coordinated implementation of infrastructure connectivity projects.

Aim

The multi-modal connectivity was aimed to provide integrated and seamless connectivity for movement of people, goods and services from one mode of transport to another. PM Gati Shakti is broadly driven by 7 engines, roads, railways, airports, ports, mass transport, waterways and logistic infrastructure. According to the Morgan Stanley Report, initiatives under PM Gati Shakti are giving results.

Cumulatively 101 projects worth Rs 609 bn

Under the PM Gati Shakti scheme so far, cumulatively 101 projects worth Rs 609 bn have been identified for implementation in the ports and shipping sectors. As of April 2023, 26 projects, worth Rs 89 bn have been completed, 42 projects worth Rs 153.4 bn are under development, and 33 projects worth Rs 366.4 bn are under implementation. Of the projects under implementation, 14 projects worth Rs 205.4 bn were expected to be completed by December 2023. Further, the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways (MoPSW) is implementing a Comprehensive Port Connectivity Plan in coordination with concerned ministries.

Development activities

The Morgan Stanley report says under the Sagarmala programme, 220 projects worth Rs 1.12 tn have been completed and 231 projects worth Rs 2.21 tn are under implementation, while 351 projects worth Rs 2.07 tn are at the evaluation stage. Development activities have been initiated in the first 13 of the 26 viable National Waterways.

 

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_4.1

DG, RPF Launches Sangyaan App – A Comprehensive Legal Reference Application

The Director General of Railway Protection Force (RPF) Manoj Yadava today launched the Sangyaan App, designed by the RPF Tech Team to provide in-depth information on three new Criminal Acts: the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023. The app aims to educate and empower RPF personnel with comprehensive information on both new and old criminal laws, emphasizing their relevance to RPF operations. Available for Android and iOS, the app features user-friendly navigation, a searchable database, and offline access, making it a practical tool for staying informed about the latest legal developments in India.

Key Features of Sangyaan App:

Comprehensive Legal Access

The app provides easy access to the bare acts of BNS, BNSS, and BSA 2023, optimized for mobile viewing. Users can conveniently read, search, and refer to these laws on the go.

Comparison of Laws

The Corresponding Sections Comparison table allows users to compare specific sections of the new and old laws, helping to identify and understand changes and continuities in the legal framework.

Section-wise Analysis

Key sections of the BNSS and BNS are analyzed in detail, focusing on their applicability in field operations from various procedural perspectives.

Advanced Search Tools

Sangyaan offers advanced search functionalities, enabling efficient navigation through legal texts. Users can search section-wise, chapter-wise, and subject-wise to find relevant information quickly.

Inclusive Legal Database

In addition to the three new laws, the app includes other essential legal acts and rules related to railway security, such as The Railway Protection Force Act, 1957, The Railway Act, 1989, The Railway Property (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1966, and RPF Rules, 1987. This ensures users have access to all critical legal information relevant to railway protection at their fingertips.

User-Friendly Design

Designed for precision and ease of use, Sangyaan ensures efficient and effective engagement with critical legal information, enhancing users’ understanding and application of laws in RPF operations.

The Director General of the Railway Protection Force also released a ‘Handbook on Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023’ in both e-book and print formats, detailing the practical application of the Act in the Force’s operations. The Sangyaan app and the handbook reflect the RPF’s commitment to transparency, accessibility, and the dissemination of crucial legal information. For more information and to download the app, visit the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_4.1

National Insurance Awareness Day 2024, Date, History and Significance

National Insurance Awareness Day Observed on June 28, 2024! This annual observance is dedicated to promoting the importance of insurance and ensuring that people understand the benefits of having adequate coverage. It’s a day to reflect on our financial security and take proactive steps towards a more protected future.

The Rich History of Insurance

Ancient Roots

While National Insurance Awareness Day is a relatively modern observance, the concept of insurance dates back millennia:

  • 3000 BCE: Chinese merchants distributed their cargo across multiple ships to limit losses
  • 1750 BCE: The Code of Hammurabi in Babylon included basic insurance concepts
  • 600 BCE: Greeks and Romans introduced early forms of life and health insurance

The Great Fire of London: A Turning Point

The pivotal moment in modern insurance history came with the Great Fire of London in 1666:

  • The fire destroyed over 13,000 houses and 87 parish churches
  • This catastrophic event highlighted the need for financial protection against disasters
  • In 1667, Nicholas Barbon opened the first fire insurance office in London
  • This event laid the groundwork for the modern insurance industry

Evolution of Modern Insurance

  • 1752: Benjamin Franklin helped establish the first American insurance company
  • 1840s: The first automobile insurance policy was sold
  • 1911: The first group disability insurance was offered
  • 1965: Medicare was established in the United States
  • 1970s: The first cyber insurance policies emerged

Significance of National Insurance Awareness Day

Promoting Financial Security

National Insurance Awareness Day serves as a crucial reminder of the importance of financial protection:

  1. Risk Mitigation: Insurance helps individuals and businesses manage various risks
  2. Peace of Mind: Proper coverage provides security and reduces stress about potential financial disasters
  3. Economic Stability: Insurance contributes to overall economic stability by protecting assets and livelihoods

Encouraging Regular Policy Reviews

This day emphasizes the need to:

  • Review existing policies annually
  • Ensure coverage aligns with current life circumstances
  • Identify and fill any gaps in protection

Educating the Public

National Insurance Awareness Day aims to:

  • Increase understanding of different types of insurance
  • Highlight the benefits of various coverage options
  • Promote informed decision-making about insurance needs

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_4.1

International Pineapple Day 2024, Date, Celebration and Significance

International Pineapple Day is just around the corner, set to be observed on Thursday, June 27, 2024. This special day is dedicated to honouring the tropical pineapple and its many contributions to our lives.

A Day to Savor and Share

International Pineapple Day is the perfect opportunity to:

  • Discover the nutritional benefits of this fantastic fruit
  • Explore its economic importance in various regions
  • Appreciate its rich cultural significance around the world

The Pineapple’s Journey Through Time

A Symbol of Warmth and Prosperity

The pineapple’s story is as rich and vibrant as its flavour:

  • In the 17th and 18th centuries, pineapples became a symbol of warmth and welcome in many cultures
  • Asian traditions view the pineapple as a sign of prosperity and good fortune
  • In the Caribbean, this tropical treat represents friendship and hospitality

From Exotic Rarity to Global Favorite

Once a rare and exotic fruit, the pineapple has become a beloved ingredient in cuisines worldwide. Its journey from tropical shores to global markets is a testament to its irresistible appeal.

Why Pineapples Deserve Their Special Day

A Nutritional Powerhouse

Pineapples are not just delicious; they’re packed with goodness:

  • Rich in Vitamin C for immune support
  • Contain enzymes that aid digestion
  • Offer a good source of fiber and antioxidants

A Culinary Star

The pineapple’s versatility in the kitchen is truly remarkable:

  • Enjoy it fresh for a sweet, tangy snack
  • Add it to savory dishes for a tropical twist
  • Use it in desserts, smoothies, and cocktails

Economic Impact

Pineapple cultivation supports livelihoods in many tropical regions, contributing to local economies and global trade.

How to Celebrate International Pineapple Day 2024

Try Something New!

  • If you’ve never tasted pineapple, make this your day to experience its tropical flavor
  • For pineapple fans, explore new recipes or preparation methods

Spread the Pineapple Love

  • Share pineapple treats with friends and family
  • Organize a pineapple-themed gathering or potluck
  • Use social media to share your favorite pineapple facts or recipes

Learn and Educate

  • Discover the history and cultivation of pineapples
  • Teach others about the fruit’s nutritional benefits
  • Explore pineapple’s cultural significance in different parts of the world

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_4.1

Cricket Legend Kapil Dev Takes Helm of Indian Professional Golf

In a momentous development for Indian golf, Kapil Dev, the legendary cricketer and passionate amateur golfer, has been elected as the new president of the Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI). This significant appointment marks a new chapter in the history of professional golf in India.

From Cricket Pitch to Golf Course: Kapil Dev’s Journey

Kapil Dev, fondly known as the “Haryana Hurricane” for his exceptional all-round cricketing skills, has long been an advocate for golf in India. His election to the PGTI presidency comes after three years of dedicated service as vice president and member of the organization’s governing body.

Key Highlights:

  • Kapil Dev replaces H Srinivasan, who withdrew his candidature
  • The cricket legend has been actively involved with PGTI for the past three years
  • He is renowned for captaining India’s 1983 Men’s Cricket World Cup winning team

A Legacy of Leadership and Sportsmanship

Kapil Dev’s influence in Indian sports extends far beyond his cricketing achievements. His involvement in golf has been noteworthy, particularly as the host of the Kapil Dev-Grant Thornton Invitational for the last three years. This event has played a crucial role in promoting professional golf in India.

The Professional Golf Tour of India: A Brief Overview

The Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI) has been the cornerstone of men’s professional golf in India since its inception in 2006. As the successor to the Indian PGA Tour, PGTI has been instrumental in:

  • Organizing professional golf tournaments across India
  • Nurturing and promoting golfing talent in the country
  • Elevating the status of Indian golf on the global stage

PGTI’s Mission and Impact

Under Kapil Dev’s leadership, PGTI is poised to enter a new era of growth and development. The organization’s primary objectives include:

  1. Expanding the reach of professional golf in India
  2. Enhancing the quality of tournaments and player development programs
  3. Attracting international attention to Indian golf talent

Celebrating a New Chapter in Indian Golf

Kapil Dev’s election as PGTI president is not just a personal achievement but a cause for celebration for the entire Indian golfing community. His vast experience in sports, coupled with his passion for golf, promises to bring fresh perspectives and energetic leadership to the organization.

Looking Ahead: The Future of Indian Golf

As we commemorate this significant moment in Indian golf history, there is much anticipation about the positive changes and growth that lie ahead. Kapil Dev’s presidency is expected to:

  • Inspire more young Indians to take up golf professionally
  • Attract greater sponsorship and media attention to the sport
  • Elevate India’s status in the international golfing arena

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_4.1

Important Days in July 2024, Check National and International Days

July 2024, the seventh month of the year, is set to be a month filled with commemorative days that highlight various causes, cultures, and historical events of global significance. From national celebrations that honor a country’s heritage to international observances focusing on critical global issues, each day brings an opportunity for reflection, awareness, and action. Let’s delve into some of the important national and international days that will be observed this July.

Important Days in July 2024

July 2024, the seventh month of the year, brings with it a diverse array of meaningful national and international observances. Named in honor of Julius Caesar, July is notable for its commemoration of significant historical events and themes. Throughout this month, several key dates hold special importance, such as Doctor’s Day, International Plastic Bag Free Day, World Population Day, World Youth Skills Day, World Hepatitis Day, and more. These occasions serve not only to inform and educate but also to foster awareness and action on pressing issues that impact our global community. Each day provides an opportunity to deepen our understanding of various societal challenges and celebrate achievements in fields ranging from healthcare to environmental sustainability, reflecting the ongoing pursuit of progress and unity worldwide.

List of Important Days in July 2024, National and International Days

July 2024 is marked by a diverse array of significant national and international days, each carrying its own cultural, historical, or thematic importance. From commemorating healthcare professionals on Doctor’s Day to raising awareness about global environmental issues on International Plastic Bag Free Day, this month offers opportunities for reflection, celebration, and advocacy on a global scale.

Here is the list of important days in July 2024, National and International:

Date Important Days
July 1, 2024 National Doctor’s Day
July 01, 2024 National Chartered Accountants Day
July 01, 2024 GST Day
July 01, 2024 National Gingersnap Day
July 01, 2024 National U.S. Postage Stamp Day
July 01, 2024 Canada Day
July 01, 2024 National Poster Worker Day
July 02, 2024 World Sports Journalists Day
July 02, 2024 World UFO Day
July 02, 2024 National Anisette Day
July 03, 2024 National Fried Clam Day
July 03, 2024 International Plastic Bag Free Day
July 04, 2024 USA Independence Day
July 06, 2024 World Zoonoses Day
July 06, 2024 International Day of Cooperatives
July 07, 2024 World Chocolate Day
July 07, 2024 World Kiswahili Language Day
July 09, 2024 National Sugar Cookie Day
July 11, 2024 World Population Day
July 11, 2024 International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica
July 12, 2024 National 7-Eelven Day
July 12, 2024 National Simplicity Day
July 12, 2024 National Bag Day
July 12, 2024 Malala Day
July 12, 2024 International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms
July 13, 2024 National French Fry Day
July 14, 2024 Bastille Day
July 15, 2024 World Youth Skills Day
July 15, 2024 Social Media Giving Day
July 15, 2024 World Youth Skills Day
Jul 17, 2024 World Day for International Justice
July 17, 2024 World Emoji Day
July 18, 2024 International Nelson Mandela Day
July 20, 2024 World Chess Day
July 20, 2024 Moon Day
July 22, 2024 National Mango Day
July 23, 2024 National Broadcasting Day
July 24, 2024 National Thermal Engineer Day
July 25, 2024 World Embryologist Day
July 25, 2024 World Drowning Prevention Day
July 26, 2024 Kargil Vijay Diwas
July 28, 2024 World Hepatitis Day
July 28, 2024 National Parent’s Day
July 29, 2024 International Tiger Day
July 30, 2024 International Day of Friendship
July 30, 2024 World Day against Trafficking in Persons
July 31, 2024 World Ranger Day

July 01- National Doctor’s Day

National Doctor’s Day in India is celebrated on July 1st to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, honoring doctors’ contributions to society and healthcare.

July 01 – National Chartered Accountants Day

National Chartered Accountants Day, observed on July 1st in India, celebrates the profession’s role in finance and governance, recognizing their expertise and contributions to the economy.

July 01 – GST Day

GST Day, observed on July 1st in India, marks the anniversary of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation, aiming to streamline taxation and boost economic growth.

July 01 – National U.S. Postage Stamp Day

National U.S. Postage Stamp Day, celebrated on July 1st, honors the significance of stamps in communication and culture, highlighting their role in history and everyday life.

July 01 – Canada Day

Canada Day, celebrated on July 1st, marks the anniversary of Canada’s confederation, honoring the country’s history, diversity, and national pride with festivities nationwide.

July 01 – National Postal Worker Day

National Postal Worker Day, observed on July 1st, recognizes the dedication and essential services provided by postal workers in delivering mail and packages across communities.

July 02 – World Sports Journalists Day

World Sports Journalists Day, observed on July 2nd, celebrates the role of sports journalists in reporting on sporting events, athletes, and the impact of sports on society globally.

July 02 – World UFO Day

World UFO Day, observed on July 2nd, encourages discussion and awareness about unidentified flying objects, fostering curiosity and exploration of the unknown in popular culture and science.

July 02 – National Anisette Day

National Anisette Day, celebrated on July 2nd, honors the anise-flavored liqueur known as anisette, enjoyed in cocktails and desserts for its distinctive flavor and aroma.

July 03 – National Fried Clam Day

National Fried Clam Day, observed on July 3rd, celebrates the culinary delight of fried clams, a popular seafood dish enjoyed for its crispy texture and savory taste.

July 03 – International Plastic Bag Free Day

International Plastic Bag Free Day, observed on July 3rd, promotes awareness and encourages the reduction of plastic bag usage to protect the environment and marine life.

July 04 – USA Independence Day

USA Independence Day, celebrated on July 4th, commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, marking America’s freedom from British rule with fireworks, parades, and festivities nationwide.

July 06 – World Zoonoses Day

World Zoonoses Day, observed on July 6th, raises awareness about diseases that can spread from animals to humans, emphasizing prevention and One Health approaches for public health.

July 06 – International Day of Cooperatives

The International Day of Cooperatives, celebrated on the first Saturday of July, promotes cooperative values and principles, highlighting their role in sustainable development and community empowerment worldwide.

July 07 – World Chocolate Day

World Chocolate Day, celebrated on July 7th, indulges chocolate lovers worldwide, honoring the delectable treat’s history and cultural significance across civilizations.

July 07 – World Kiswahili Language Day

World Kiswahili Language Day, observed on July 07th, celebrates the cultural and linguistic heritage of Kiswahili, promoting its importance and use in global communication and understanding.

July 09 – National Sugar Cookie Day

National Sugar Cookie Day, observed on July 9th, celebrates the classic sugar cookie’s simplicity and sweetness, enjoyed with various decorations and flavors.

July 11 – World Population Day

World Population Day, observed on July 11th, raises awareness about global population issues, advocating for reproductive health, gender equality, and sustainable development goals.

July 11 – International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica

International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica, observed on July 11th, honors the victims and promotes reconciliation and prevention of future atrocities.

July 12 – National Simplicity Day

National Simplicity Day, celebrated on July 12th, honors the philosophy of simplicity advocated by Henry David Thoreau, encouraging a minimalist and mindful approach to life.

July 12 – National Bag Day

National Bag Day, observed on July 12th, promotes awareness about the importance of reusable bags to reduce plastic waste and protect the environment.

July 12 – International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms

International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms, observed on June 12th, raises awareness about the impacts of these storms and promotes measures to mitigate their environmental and health effects globally.

July 12- Malala Day

Malala Day, observed on July 12th, celebrates Malala Yousafzai’s advocacy for girls’ education worldwide, promoting empowerment and equality through her courage and activism.

July 13 – National French Fry Day

National French Fry Day, celebrated on July 13th, honors the beloved crispy potato snack enjoyed worldwide in various styles and flavors.

July 14 – Bastille Day

Bastille Day, celebrated on July 14th, marks the French National Day, commemorating the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789 and the beginning of the French Revolution.

July 15 – World Youth Skills Day

World Youth Skills Day, observed on July 15th, promotes the importance of developing skills among young people to enhance employability and entrepreneurship opportunities globally.

July 15 – World Youth Skills Day

World Youth Skills Day, observed on July 15th, highlights the importance of equipping young people with skills for employment and entrepreneurship to foster sustainable development and economic growth.

July 15 – Social Media Giving Day

Social Media Giving Day, observed on the second Tuesday of July, encourages charitable donations and activism through social media platforms to support various causes worldwide.

July 17 – World Day for International Justice

World Day for International Justice, observed on July 17th, raises awareness about the importance of international criminal justice in promoting peace, security, and human rights globally.

July 17 – World Emoji Day

World Emoji Day, celebrated on July 17th, honors the small digital icons that have become integral to modern communication, expressing emotions and ideas across cultures and languages.

July 18 – International Nelson Mandela Day

International Nelson Mandela Day, observed on July 18th, commemorates Nelson Mandela’s legacy of promoting peace, reconciliation, and social justice through his leadership and activism.

July 20 – World Chess Day

World Chess Day, celebrated on July 20th, promotes chess as a game that fosters critical thinking, strategy, and global unity through tournaments and educational initiatives worldwide.

July 20 – Moon Day

Moon Day, observed on July 20th, commemorates the first human landing on the Moon by Apollo 11 astronauts in 1969, symbolizing human achievement in space exploration.

July 22 – National Mango Day

National Mango Day, celebrated on July 22nd, honors the delicious and versatile tropical fruit, recognized for its sweet flavor and nutritional benefits enjoyed globally.

July 23 – National Broadcasting Day

National Broadcasting Day, observed on July 23rd, celebrates the advent of radio broadcasting in India, marking its pivotal role in disseminating information and entertainment to the masses.

July 24 – National Thermal Engineer Day

National Thermal Engineer Day, celebrated on July 24th, recognizes the expertise of thermal engineers in designing systems for heat transfer, energy efficiency, and climate control in various industries.

July 25 – World Embryologist Day

World Embryologist Day, observed on July 25th, recognizes the contributions of embryologists in advancing reproductive science and supporting individuals on their journey to parenthood.

July 25 – World Drowning Prevention Day

World Drowning Prevention Day, observed on July 25th, raises awareness about drowning risks and promotes lifesaving measures to prevent drowning deaths globally.

July 26 – Kargil Vijay Diwas

Kargil Vijay Diwas, observed on July 26th, commemorates India’s victory in the Kargil War of 1999, honoring the bravery and sacrifice of Indian armed forces.

July 28 – National Parent’s Day

National Parents’ Day, celebrated on the fourth Sunday of July, honors the role of parents in nurturing families and society, promoting their importance in children’s lives and communities.

July 28 – World Hepatitis Day

World Hepatitis Day, observed on July 28th, raises awareness about viral hepatitis, promotes prevention measures, and advocates for access to testing and treatment worldwide.

July 29 – International Tiger Day

International Tiger Day, observed on July 29th, raises awareness about tiger conservation efforts to protect these majestic big cats and their habitats worldwide.

July 30 – International Day of Friendship

International Day of Friendship, celebrated on July 30th, promotes friendship as a way to foster peace and bridge cultural gaps, emphasizing solidarity and mutual understanding among peoples.

July 30 – World Day against Trafficking in Persons

World Day against Trafficking in Persons, observed on July 30th, aims to raise awareness about human trafficking and promote measures to combat and prevent this global crime.

July 31 – World Ranger Day

World Ranger Day, observed on July 31st, honors the dedication and sacrifice of park rangers worldwide in protecting natural and cultural heritage and wildlife conservation efforts.

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_14.1

Important Days in June 2024, List of National and International

As the month of June unfolds, it brings with it a tapestry of events, both historical and contemporary, that hold significance for people around the world. From celebrations of culture and heritage to observances aimed at raising awareness about pressing issues, June serves as a platform for reflection, commemoration, and action. Let’s delve into the important days that punctuate the month of June 2024.

Important National and International Days in June 2024

June, the sixth month named after the Roman goddess Juno, spans 30 days. It is also associated with the Latin word “iuniores,” meaning “younger ones.” In June 2024, pivotal dates include World Milk Day celebrated on June 1st, emphasizing the importance of milk. World Environment Day follows on June 5th, urging global action for environmental preservation. These days serve as poignant reminders of our responsibilities towards future generations and the planet.

Significance of Important Days in June 2024

The important days in June 2024 hold profound significance, addressing crucial global issues and promoting collective action. From International Children’s Day advocating for the welfare of the youngest members of society to World Environment Day raising awareness about environmental conservation, these observances underscore our responsibility towards future generations and the planet. Each day serves as a call to action, inspiring individuals and communities to work together for a better, more sustainable world.

List of Important Days in June 2024, National and International

In June 2024, a diverse array of national and international important days are observed, each marking significant milestones, raising awareness about pressing issues, and promoting global cooperation. Here is the list of important days in June 2024:

Date Important Days
June 1, 2024 World Milk Day
June 1, 2024 Global Day of Parents
June 2, 2024 International Sex Worker’s Day
June 2, 2024 Telangana Formation Day
June 3, 2024 World Bicycle Day
June 4, 2024 International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5, 2024 World Environment Day
June 5, 2024 International Day for the Fight against Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing
June 6, 2024 UN Russian Language Day 2024 
June 7, 2024 World Food Safety Day
June 7, 2024 World Oceans Day
June 8, 2024 World Brain Tumour Day
June 9, 2024 World Accreditation Day
June 9, 2024 International Archives Day
June 11, 2024 International Day of Play 2024
Jun 12, 2024 World Day Against Child Labor
June 13, 2024 International Albinism Awareness Day
June 14, 2024 World Blood Donor Day
June 15, 2024 World Elder Abuse Awareness Day
June 15, 2024 World Father’s Day
June 16, 2024 International Day of Family Remittances 
June 17, 2024 World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
June 18, 2024 International Day for Countering Hate Speech 2024
June 18, 2024 Sustainable Gastronomy Day 2024 
June 19, 2024 International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict 2024
June 19, 2024 World Sickle Cell Day
June 20, 2024 World Refugee Day
June 21, 2024 World Music Day
June 21, 2024 World Hydrography Day
June 21, 2024 International Yoga Day
June 21, 2024 Summer Solstice
June 22, 2024 World Rainforest Day
June 23, 2024 International Olympic Day
June 23, 2024 United Nations Public Service Day
June 23, 2024 International Widow’s Day
June 24, 2024 International Day of Women in Diplomacy 2024 
June 25, 2024 International Day of the Seafarer 2024 
June 26, 2024 International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
June 26, 2024 International Day in Support of Victims of Torture
June 27, 2024 Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day 2024
June 29, 2024 National Statistics Day
June 29, 2024 International Day of Tropics
June 30, 2024 World Asteroid Day

June 01 – World Milk Day

World Milk Day, observed on June 1st, celebrates the nutritional value and importance of milk in diets worldwide. It raises awareness about dairy farming’s contributions to sustainability, nutrition, and livelihoods, promoting dairy’s role in healthy diets.

June 01 – Global Day of Parents

Global Day of Parents, observed on June 1st, honors parental figures worldwide, recognizing their vital role in nurturing and guiding children. It celebrates the commitment of parents to their children’s well-being and highlights the importance of family bonds.

June 02 – Italy Republic Day

Italy Republic Day, celebrated on June 2nd, commemorates the founding of the Italian Republic in 1946. It marks a significant moment in Italian history, symbolizing the nation’s transition to democracy and independence from monarchy.

June 02 – International Sex Worker’s Day

International Sex Worker’s Day, observed on June 2nd, advocates for the rights, dignity, and safety of sex workers worldwide. It aims to challenge stigma, discrimination, and violence, promoting empowerment and recognition of sex workers’ human rights.

June 02 – Telangana Formation Day

Telangana Formation Day, celebrated on June 2nd, commemorates the creation of the Indian state of Telangana on June 2, 2014. It marks a significant milestone in the region’s history and is observed with cultural events and festivities.

June 03 – World Bicycle Day

World Bicycle Day, observed on June 3rd, highlights the benefits of cycling for health, transportation, and the environment. It promotes sustainable mobility and underscores the importance of cycling-friendly infrastructure for promoting well-being and reducing carbon emissions.

June 04 – International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression

The International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression, observed on June 4th, honors children affected by conflict and violence worldwide. It raises awareness about their plight and advocates for their protection and well-being.

June 05 – World Environment Day

World Environment Day, celebrated on June 5th, is a global platform for raising awareness about environmental issues and promoting action for nature conservation. It encourages individuals and communities to take positive steps towards a sustainable future.

June 07 – World Food Safety Day

World Food Safety Day, observed on June 7th, emphasizes the importance of safe food practices to prevent foodborne illnesses. It promotes awareness about food safety standards and encourages actions to ensure the availability of safe and nutritious food for all.

June 07 – World Donut Day

World Donut Day, celebrated on the first Friday of June, honors the delectable sweet treat and its cultural significance. It’s a day for indulging in and appreciating the beloved donut in all its delicious forms.

June 08 – World Brain Tumour Day

World Brain Tumor Day, observed on June 8th, raises awareness about brain tumors and supports patients and families affected by this condition. It advocates for early detection, treatment, and research to improve outcomes and quality of life.

June 08 – World Oceans Day

World Oceans Day, celebrated on June 8th, highlights the importance of oceans in sustaining life on Earth. It raises awareness about ocean conservation and encourages actions to protect marine ecosystems and promote sustainable use of ocean resources.

June 08 – National Best Friend Day

National Best Friend Day, observed on June 8th, celebrates the special bond of friendship and the invaluable role best friends play in our lives. It’s a time to cherish and appreciate the companionship and support of our closest confidants.

June 12 – World Day Against Child Labor

World Day Against Child Labor, observed on June 12th, raises awareness about the exploitation of children in labor and advocates for their rights to education, play, and a safe environment. It calls for collective action to eradicate child labor globally.

June 14 – World Blood Donor Day

World Blood Donor Day, observed on June 14th, recognizes the life-saving contribution of blood donors worldwide. It raises awareness about the need for regular blood donations to ensure an adequate and safe blood supply for patients in need.

June 14 – Flag Day

Flag Day, celebrated on June 14th, honors the national flag and the values it represents. It’s a day to commemorate the flag’s symbolism, history, and significance, fostering patriotism and pride in one’s country.

June 15 – World Wind Day

World Wind Day, observed on June 15th, celebrates wind energy and its role in sustainable development. It raises awareness about the benefits of wind power for reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy solutions globally.

June 15 – World Elder Abuse Awareness Day

World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, observed on June 15th, aims to raise awareness about the abuse and neglect experienced by older adults. It calls for action to prevent elder abuse and protect the rights and dignity of older individuals.

June 15 – World Father’s Day

World Father’s Day, celebrated on the third Sunday of June, honors fathers and paternal bonds. It’s a day to recognize the contributions and sacrifices of fathers, expressing gratitude and love for their guidance and support.

June 17 – World Day to Combat Destination and Drought

World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought, observed on June 17th, raises awareness about land degradation and its impact on ecosystems and communities. It promotes efforts to combat desertification, restore degraded land, and ensure sustainable land management practices worldwide.

June 18 – Autistic Pride Day

Autistic Pride Day, observed on June 18th, celebrates the neurodiversity of individuals on the autism spectrum. It promotes acceptance, understanding, and appreciation of autistic traits and contributions to society, fostering pride in one’s unique identity.

June 18 – International Picnic Day

International Picnic Day, celebrated on June 18th, encourages people to enjoy outdoor dining and leisurely picnics with family and friends. It’s a day to savor delicious food, nature’s beauty, and quality time spent in the great outdoors.

June 19 – World Sickle Cell Awareness Day

World Sickle Cell Awareness Day, observed on June 19th, raises awareness about sickle cell disease and its impact on individuals and families. It advocates for improved access to care, treatment, and support for those affected by the condition.

June 19 – World Sauntering Day

World Sauntering Day, celebrated on June 19th, encourages people to slow down, relax, and enjoy a leisurely stroll. It’s a reminder to embrace a relaxed pace of life, savoring the simple pleasures of walking and observing the world around us.

June 20 – World Refugee Day

World Refugee Day, observed on June 20th, honors the courage and resilience of refugees worldwide. It raises awareness about their plight, advocates for their rights and well-being, and promotes global solidarity and support for refugees.

June 21 – World Music Day

World Music Day, celebrated on June 21st, honors the universal language of music and its power to connect people across cultures. It’s a day for music lovers to enjoy concerts, performances, and festivities worldwide.

June 21 – World Hydrography Day

World Hydrography Day, observed on June 21st, highlights the importance of hydrographic surveying and charting for safe navigation, maritime security, and marine resource management. It promotes awareness about the significance of hydrography in ensuring sustainable ocean development.

June 21 – International Yoga Day

International Yoga Day, celebrated on June 21st, promotes the physical, mental, and spiritual benefits of yoga practice. It encourages people worldwide to embrace yoga’s holistic approach to health and well-being through meditation, breathing exercises, and physical postures.

June 21 – Summer Solstice

Summer Solstice, occurring around June 21st, marks the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and the shortest in the Southern Hemisphere. It symbolizes the peak of summer and is celebrated in various cultures with festivals and rituals.

June 22 – World Rainforest Day

World Rainforest Day, observed on June 22nd, raises awareness about the importance of rainforests in sustaining biodiversity and combating climate change. It advocates for conservation efforts to protect these vital ecosystems for future generations.

June 23 – International Olympic Day

International Olympic Day, celebrated on June 23rd, commemorates the founding of the modern Olympic Games. It promotes participation in sports and physical activity, fostering the Olympic values of excellence, friendship, and respect across nations and cultures.

June 23 – United Nations Public Service Day

United Nations Public Service Day, observed on June 23rd, recognizes the crucial role of public servants in promoting sustainable development and delivering essential services to communities worldwide. It highlights the importance of effective public administration in achieving global goals.

June 23 – International Widow’s Day

International Widows’ Day, observed on June 23rd, raises awareness about the challenges faced by widows worldwide. It advocates for their rights, empowerment, and social support, highlighting the need for gender equality and social justice for all women, especially those who have lost their spouses.

June 26 – International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking

International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, observed on June 26th, raises awareness about the global drug problem and promotes efforts to prevent drug abuse and combat illicit drug trafficking. It advocates for effective strategies to address this complex issue.

June 29 – National Statistics Day

National Statistics Day, observed on June 29th, commemorates the birth anniversary of renowned statistician Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis. It highlights the importance of statistics in decision-making, policy formulation, and development planning.

June 29 – International Day of the Tropics

International Day of the Tropics, observed on June 29th, celebrates the diverse cultures, ecosystems, and opportunities within the tropics. It raises awareness about the unique challenges and potential of tropical regions, promoting sustainable development and cooperation.

June 30 – World Asteroid Day

World Asteroid Day, observed on June 30th, raises awareness about the potential threat of asteroid impacts and promotes efforts to detect, track, and mitigate the risk of asteroid collisions with Earth. It emphasizes global cooperation in planetary defense.

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_16.1

Sanjana Thakur Wins 2024 Commonwealth Short Story Prize

Sanjana Thakur 26 years old, writer from Mumbai, beat competition from over 7,359 entrants worldwide to be named the winner of the GBP 5,000 Commonwealth Short Story Prize 2024 in London on June 27. Sanjana’s story entitled Aishwarya Rai takes its name from the famed Bollywood actress to reimagine and reverse the traditional adoption story.

Sanjana’s story entitled Aishwarya Rai

Her story revolves around a young woman, Avni, who chooses between possible mothers housed in a local shelter. The first mother is too clean; the second, who looks like the real-life Aishwarya Rai, is too pretty. In her small Mumbai apartment with too-thin walls and a too-small balcony, Avni watches laundry turn round in her machine, dreams of stepping into white limousines, and tries out different mothers from the shelter. One of them must be just right, she thinks. The short story form favours the brave and the bold writer. In ‘Aishwarya Rai’, Sanjana Thakur employs brutal irony, sarcasm, cynicism and wry humour packaged in tight prose and stanza-like paragraphs to confront us with the fracturing of family and the self as a result of modern urban existence,” said Ugandan British novelist Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi, Chair of the judging panel.

About Commonwealth Short Story Prize

The Commonwealth Short Story Prize is an annual award for unpublished short fiction administered and funded by the Commonwealth Foundation. The prize covers the Commonwealth regions of Africa, Asia Canada and Europe, Caribbean and Pacific. The international judging panel comprises one judge from each of the five regions. Please note that while the entries will be judged regionally, all judges will read and deliberate on entries from all regions. There will be five winners, one from each region. One regional winner will be selected as the overall winner. The overall winner of the Commonwealth Short Story Prize will receive £5,000 and the remaining four regional winners £2,500. If the winning short story is a translation into English, the translator will receive additional prize money. The final selection will be judged by an international judging panel; experienced readers will assist the named judges in selecting the longlist.

 

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_4.1

T20 World Cup Winners List from 2007 to 2024, Ind Vs SA in the Final

Here, we are discussing about the winners of the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup from 2007 to 2024. The last tournament was in 2022 in Australia. England won against Pakistan in the final match on November 13th at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. They became the 2022 champions. Below is a list of all the past winners of the T20 World Cup.

ICC Men’s T20 World Cup 2024 Final and Semi-final Schedule

The table provides a comprehensive schedule for the semi-finals and finals of the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup 2024. It includes details such as the event, date, venue, local time, UTC time, and Indian time for each match, making it easy to follow the tournament’s crucial knockout stages. India and South Africa face each other in the final of ICC Men’s T20 World Cup 2024.

Event Date Matches Results Venue Time (India)
1st semi-final Wednesday, June 26 South Africa v Afghanistan South Africa Brian Lara Cricket Academy, Tarouba, Trinidad and Tobago  6:00 AM
2nd semi-final Thursday, June 27 India v England India Guyana National Stadium, Guyana 8:00 PM
Final Saturday, June 29 South Africa vs India Yet to be decided Kensington Oval, Bridgetown, Barbados 8:00 PM

T20 World Cup Winners List from 2007 to 2024

ICC T20 Cricket World Cup is a global tournament organized by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It debuted in South Africa in 2007, with the most recent Men’s ICC T20 Cricket World Cup taking place in Australia from October 16th to November 13th, 2022. In this article, we are providing the T20 World Cup Winners List from 2007 to 2024.  Let’s have a look at the T20 World Cup Winners List from 2007 to 2024:

T20 World Cup Winners List from 2007 to 2024
Year Host Country Winner
2007 South Africa India
2009 England Pakistan
2010 West Indies England
2012 Sri Lanka West Indies
2014 Bangladesh Sri Lanka
2016 India West Indies
2021 UAE/Oman Australia
2022 Australia England
2024 Update soon Update Soon

T20 World Cup Winners List

The T20 World Cup winners list will help you to increase your sports general knowledge. Below, you’ll find a comprehensive breakdown of the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup champions, runners-up, Players of the Series, leading run-scorers, top wicket-takers, and host locations.

Year Winner Runner-Up Player of the Series Top Run Scorer Highest Wicket Taker Venue
2007 India Pakistan Shahid Afridi Matthew Hayden Umar Gul South Africa
2009 Pakistan Sri Lanka Tillakaratne Dilshan Tillakaratne Dilshan Umar Gul England
2010 England Australia Kevin Pietersen Mahela Jayawardene Dirk Nannes West Indies
2012 West Indies Sri Lanka Shane Watson Shane Watson Ajantha Mendis Sri Lanka
2014 Sri Lanka India Virat Kohli Virat Kohli Ajantha Mendis Bangladesh
2016 West Indies England Virat Kohli Tamim Iqbal Mustafizur Rahman India
2021 Australia New Zealand Mitchell Marsh Babar Azam Adam Zampa UAE/Oman
2022 England Pakistan Sam Curran Virat Kohli Wanindu Hasaranga Australia
2024 Update soon Update soon Update soon Update soon Update soon Update soon

T20 World Cup Winners List- Country-wise

When it comes to the top-performing cricket team in the T20 World Cup, West Indies stands out as the most successful. West Indies is the sole nation to have secured the ICC T20 World Cup championship twice, in 2012 and 2016, while India, Pakistan, England, and Sri Lanka have each claimed victory once.  Let’s have a look at the country-wise T20 World Cup winners list from 2007 to 2022.

Country Name No. of times Winner Year
West Indies 2 2012, 2016
India 1 2007
Pakistan 1 2009
England 2 2010, 2022
Sri Lanka 1 2014
Australia 1 2021

T20 World Cup Winners List

The T20 World Cup 2022 has concluded, and England emerged as the new champions of the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup. In the first semifinal, Pakistan competed against New Zealand, and Pakistan emerged victorious, becoming the first team to secure a spot in the final of the ICC T20 Men’s World Cup 2022. The second semifinal featured a match between India and England, with England winning by 10 wickets and becoming the second team to qualify for the finals.

T20 World Cup Winners List

Here, we are sharing the T20 world cup winners list in detail from 2007 to 2022.

T20 World Cup 2022 Winner- England

In the recently concluded T20 World Cup 2022, England emerged as the new champions. Pakistan secured their spot in the final by winning the first semifinal against New Zealand. England followed suit by defeating India with an impressive 10-wicket victory in the second semifinal. The final showdown saw England clinch the title, marking a significant achievement in the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup.

T20 World Cup 2021 Winner- Australia

Australia secured victory in the T20 World Cup 2021 by defeating New Zealand in the final. Dominating the match, Australia triumphed by 8 wickets, claiming their first ICC Men’s T20 World Cup title. Mitchell Marsh of Australia was named the player of the match in the final, adding to the team’s historic win.

T20 World Cup 2016 Winner- West Indies

In the T20 World Cup 2016, West Indies achieved a remarkable feat by winning the tournament for the second time. They outplayed England in the final, securing victory and becoming the first team to clinch the T20 World Cup trophy twice. Virat Kohli received the Player of the Series award, while Tamim Iqbal emerged as the highest run-scorer.

T20 World Cup 2014 Winner- Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka emerged victorious in the T20 World Cup 2014, defeating India in the final by 6 wickets. This marked Sri Lanka’s first T20 World Cup win, with Virat Kohli of India earning both the top run-scorer and Player of the Series accolades.

T20 World Cup 2012 Winner- West Indies

In the T20 World Cup 2012, West Indies secured their first title by defeating host nation Sri Lanka in the final. Shane Watson of Australia excelled as both the Player of the Series and the top run-scorer, while Ajantha Mendis of Sri Lanka claimed the highest wicket-taker title.

T20 World Cup 2010 Winner- England

England made history in the T20 World Cup 2010 by becoming the first non-Asian team to claim the title. They defeated Australia in the final, with Kevin Pietersen named the Player of the Series for his outstanding contributions.

T20 World Cup 2009 Winner- Pakistan

After being runners-up in the inaugural T20 World Cup, Pakistan redeemed themselves by winning the 2009 edition. Hosted by England, Pakistan emerged victorious by defeating Sri Lanka in the final. Tillakaratne Dilshan of Sri Lanka was the Player of the Series and top run-scorer.

T20 World Cup 2007 Winner- India

In 2007, India won the first T20 World Cup, with MS Dhoni as the captain. They defeated Pakistan in an exciting final match. Throughout the tournament, India lost only once, to New Zealand in the Super 8 stage. India’s path to the championship was highlighted by their strong team performance, defeating teams like England and South Africa along the way.

In the semi-final against Australia, Yuvraj Singh was spectacular, scoring 70 runs from just 30 balls. He also famously hit six sixes in one over in an earlier match against England. Other key players included Rohit Sharma and MS Dhoni, who played well, especially against South Africa. The bowlers, including RP Singh, Irfan Pathan, and Sreesanth, were consistent throughout the tournament.

The final match against Pakistan was very close. Gautam Gambhir scored 75 runs, and a quick score from Rohit Sharma helped India set a target of 158 runs. Irfan Pathan was excellent in breaking through Pakistan’s batting, and RP Singh bowled well at crucial times. The match reached a tense moment when Joginder Sharma bowled to Misbah-ul-Haq, who tried an unusual shot but ended up being caught by Sreesanth, clinching the win for India.

History of the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup

The ICC Men’s T20 World Cup is an international cricket tournament that happens every two years. However, if there is a Cricket World Cup scheduled in the same year, the T20 World Cup happens the year before.

  • The first T20 World Cup was held in 2007 in South Africa. India won the final by defeating Pakistan. Kenya and Scotland had to qualify for the tournament through a 50-over competition called the 2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One.
  • Later, it was decided to have a qualifying tournament with a 20-over format to better prepare the teams for the T20 World Cup. The top two teams from this qualifier would receive $250,000 each.
  • Pakistan won the second T20 World Cup in 2009 by defeating Sri Lanka in England.
  • In 2010, the tournament was held in the West Indies, and England defeated Australia in the final.
  • The 2012 T20 World Cup was won by the West Indies, who defeated Sri Lanka in the final. This was the first time a host nation played in the T20 World Cup final. There were 12 teams participating, including Ireland and Afghanistan, who qualified through the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier. It was also the first time the T20 World Cup was held in an Asian country.

T20 World Cup 2024 Trophy

  • The trophy given to the winning team of the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup final was made by Links of London.
  • It is made of silver and rhodium metals. The trophy weighs about 7.5 kilograms (17 pounds) and is 51 centimeters (20 inches) tall. At the top, it is 19 centimeters (7.5 inches) wide, and at the bottom, it is 14 centimeters (5.5 inches) wide.

 

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_4.1

Mindspace Becomes First Indian REIT to Issue Sustainability-Linked Bonds

Mindspace Business Parks REIT, the owner and developer of quality Grade A office portfolio, has announced its ₹650 crore Sustainability Linked Bond issuance placed with the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The coupon of the bond is linked to Mindspace’s commitment to achieve certain ESG targets towards building a greener eco-system.

Sponsored by the K Raheja Group

Mindspace REIT is sponsored by the K Raheja Group. It has a portfolio of 33.2 million square feet comprising 26.3 million square feet of completed area. Mindspace REIT has undertaken certain ESG targets critical to its operations. These include reduction in GHG emissions (Scope 1, 2 and 3), increasing the share of green certified area for existing buildings (under operations and maintenance), and reduction in energy intensity. We are thrilled to announce another significant milestone in our sustainability journey as we become the first Indian REIT to issue sustainability linked bonds. International Finance Corporation fully subscribed to this issuance. This follows our maiden green bond issue in March 2023,” said Ramesh Nair, CEO, Mindspace Business Parks REIT.

Purpose to ‘build sustainable ecosystems’

Ramesh Nair said, “Our purpose to ‘build sustainable ecosystems‘ helps us create long-term value for stakeholders, blending financial success with the environmental and social benefits.” The coupon of the bond is linked to Mindspace’s commitment to achieve certain ESG targets towards building a greener eco-system, the company said in a statement. The coupon of these bonds is fixed in nature, and shall be stepped down, in a staggered manner, based on achievement of the set targets. These bonds are issued for a tenure of 7 years.

India’s net-zero ambitions

Commenting on the partnership with Mindspace REIT, Wendy Werner, IFC Country Head for India said, “We are pleased to partner with Mindspace REIT for its maiden sustainability-linked bond. IFC’s investment will help Mindspace enhance the sustainability of its portfolio of business parks and reduce greenhouse gas emissions year-on-year.” This partnership aligns with India’s net-zero ambitions and demonstrates the viability of climate finance in the real estate sector. Our support aims to attract more diverse and long-term funding at a time when private capital is critical to build a greener, more resilient future.

Collaboration with IIT Bombay

Mindspace Business Parks REIT in January 2024 had announced its collaboration with IIT Bombay for a research project centered on Climate Risk Assessment. As a pilot project, it had set up on-site weather stations at Mindspace Airoli West in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.

PM Gati Shakti Scheme is Transforming India's Infrastructure: Morgan Stanley_4.1