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Nupi Lal Numit 2024: Honoring the Legacy of Manipuri Women

Manipur recently commemorated Nupi Lal Numit 2024, a significant event honoring the courage and resilience of the women who fought for justice and freedom in the Nupi Lal uprisings of 1904 and 1939. The commemoration was led by Chief Minister N. Biren Singh at the Nupi Lal Memorial Complex. This day not only highlights the pivotal role of Manipuri women in history but also celebrates their continued progress in various sectors. The Chief Minister’s speech emphasized the importance of empowering women through various initiatives, while calls for peace and unity across the state resonated strongly.

Historical Significance of Nupi Lal Uprisings

  • The Nupi Lal uprisings in 1904 and 1939 were critical moments in Manipuri history.
  • Women led protests against British colonial injustices, showcasing tremendous courage.
  • These uprisings contributed to important political and social changes in the state.

Empowerment of Women

  • Ima Nongthangleima Yaipha Tengbang Scheme: Provides financial support to unemployed women above 40.
  • Ima Markets: Establishment of markets in every district to promote economic participation by women.
  • Support for Women Athletes: Financial assistance and creation of training centers to nurture talent in sports.
  • Educational Initiatives: Scholarships for civil service coaching, and schemes for NEET and JEE preparations, promoting academic excellence among women.

Ongoing Challenges and Government Efforts

  • The Chief Minister acknowledged ongoing crises and emphasized the importance of collaboration between the State and Central governments.
  • Efforts to address the crisis, including locating missing persons, were highlighted.

Call for Unity and Peace

  • Minister Th. Biswajit Singh stressed the significance of gender equality and the involvement of women in decision-making.
  • Citizens were encouraged to work together toward peace and development.

Cultural Celebrations

  • The event featured a Nupi Lal drama and performances by local artists, celebrating the rich cultural heritage of Manipur.
  • The commemoration brought together government officials, MLAs, students, and women from across the state, making it a culturally vibrant and unifying occasion.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Nupi Lal Numit 2024: Honoring the Legacy of Manipuri Women
Event Commemoration Nupi Lal Numit 2024, commemorating the women who fought for justice and freedom in the Nupi Lal uprisings of 1904 and 1939.
Location Nupi Lal Memorial Complex, Manipur
Historical Significance – Women led uprisings in 1904 and 1939 against British colonial rule.

– Major political and social changes followed.
Government Initiatives – Ima Nongthangleima Yaipha Tengbang Scheme: Financial aid for unemployed women over 40.

– Ima Markets: Promoting women’s economic participation.

– Support for Athletes: Financial assistance and sports training centers.

– Educational Initiatives: Scholarships for civil service coaching and NEET/JEE preparation for women.
Cultural Celebrations – Nupi Lal drama and performances by local artists.

– Celebration of Manipuri culture with the participation of local people and officials.
Challenges & Efforts – Addressing ongoing crises in Manipur with collaboration between State and Central governments.

– Efforts to locate missing individuals.

NCL Launches ‘CHARAK’ for Free Health Treatment in Singrauli

Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL), under the Ministry of Coal’s guidance, has launched the ‘CHARAK’ project – Community Health: A Responsive Action for Koylanchal, aimed at providing free treatment for economically weaker sections suffering from life-threatening diseases. The initiative will benefit residents of Singrauli and Sonbhadra districts with annual family incomes below Rs. 8 lakh, covering diseases like malignancy, TB, HIV, cardiovascular diseases, and others. This project aligns with NCL’s long-standing commitment to improving the socio-economic condition of the region.

Key Features of CHARAK

Targeted Beneficiaries: Residents of Singrauli and Sonbhadra with family incomes below Rs. 8 lakh.

Covered Diseases: Malignancy, TB, cardiovascular issues, HIV, organ transplant, burns, neurological disorders, and more.

Free Treatment: Provided at NCL’s dedicated hospital or specialized empanelled hospitals nationwide.

NCL’s Commitment to CSR

Past Investments: Over Rs 1,000 crore spent on CSR projects in the last 10 years, impacting nearly 10 lakh people.

Ongoing Efforts: The CSR expenditure target for this financial year is Rs. 172.97 crore, with previous fiscal year spending at Rs. 157 crore.

Focus on Healthcare: CHARAK is a continuation of NCL’s broader social responsibility initiatives, prioritizing healthcare for vulnerable communities in the region.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
Launch of CHARAK by NCL Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL) launched ‘CHARAK’ (Community Health: A Responsive Action for Koylanchal) under the Ministry of Coal.
Objective of CHARAK Free treatment for life-threatening diseases to economically weaker sections of Singrauli and Sonbhadra districts.
Eligibility Criteria Annual family income below ₹8 lakh from all sources.
Diseases Covered Malignancy, TB, HIV, cardiovascular diseases, organ transplant, burns, neurological disorders, etc.
Treatment Facility Free treatment at NCL’s hospital (NSC) or empanelled specialized hospitals across India.
CSR Investments by NCL NCL has spent over ₹1,000 crore on CSR initiatives over the last 10 years.
Previous CSR Expenditure ₹157 crore spent in the previous fiscal year on CSR activities.
CSR Target for Current Year ₹172.97 crore for the ongoing financial year.
Impact of CSR Nearly 10 lakh people benefited from NCL’s CSR initiatives over the last decade.

Countries with the Highest Number of UNESCO World Heritage Site, Check the List

UNESCO World Heritage Sites are landmarks or areas recognized for their cultural, historical, scientific or natural significance. These sites are preserved for future generations and are considered to have universal value. As of 2024, several countries boast a large number of these precious sites. In this article, we will know about the countries with the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Total Number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites

As of now, there are 1,223 properties on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This includes:

  • 952 cultural properties (places with historical or cultural value)
  • 231 natural properties (areas with important natural features)
  • 40 mixed properties (sites with both cultural and natural value)

These sites are located in 168 countries around the world. The distribution by region is:

  • Asia and the Pacific: 296 properties (211 cultural)
  • Arab States: 96 properties (87 cultural)
  • Africa: 108 properties (61 cultural)

Italy, Country with Most UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Italy, with 60 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, leads the world in showcasing its rich history and culture. Iconic landmarks include the Colosseum, Renaissance cities like Florence and Venice, and ancient ruins like Pompeii and Herculaneum. The Amalfi Coast offers stunning beauty, while Ivrea highlights industrial heritage. The Royal House of Savoy’s palaces and Piedmont’s historic vineyards further reflect Italy’s timeless charm and traditions.

Countries with Most UNESCO World Heritage Sites

As of now, there are 1,223 UNESCO World Heritage Sites across the globe. These sites are celebrated for their exceptional cultural, historical and natural significance.

Here is the list of countries with most UNESCO World Heritage Sites:

Rank  Country  No. of UNESCO World Heritage Sites Notable Landmarks 
1. Italy 60 Colosseum, Florence, Venice, Pompeii, Herculaneum
2. China 59 Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Army
3. Germany 54 Cologne, Cathedral, Neuschwanstein  Castle
4. France 53 Notre Dame, Louvre, Mont Saint-Michel, Palace of Versailles
5. Spain 50 Alhambra, Toledo, Sagrada Familia, Park Guell
6. India 43 Taj Mahal ,Qutub Minar, Red Fort, Hampi Khajuraho
7. Mexico 35 Chichen Itza, Mexico City, Stonehenge, Tower of London
8. United Kingdom
9. Russia 32 Saint Petersburg, Kremlin, Red Square, Lake Baikal
10. Iran 28 Persepolis, Armenia Monastic Ensembles

 

UK Joins Indo-Pacific Bloc: A Post-Brexit Trade Milestone

On December 15, 2024, the United Kingdom officially became the first European nation to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). This significant move, a result of the UK’s post-Brexit strategy, aims to boost the country’s economy by providing new business opportunities and trade benefits across the Indo-Pacific region. The UK’s entry into the bloc was formalized after the ratification of the accession treaty by most CPTPP members, with several more expected to follow.

What is the CPTPP?

The CPTPP is an economic partnership that originally started with 11 members: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. After the US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) in 2016, the remaining countries established the CPTPP, reducing trade barriers on a wide range of goods and services. The bloc accounts for around 15% of global GDP and includes some of the fastest-growing markets globally.

Economic Opportunities and Projections

UK officials anticipate that joining the CPTPP could add up to £2 billion to the UK economy annually, benefiting sectors like financial services, manufacturing, and food and drink. With reduced tariffs and barriers, UK businesses are expected to see enhanced market access across three continents, particularly in emerging markets of the Indo-Pacific.

Trade Benefits and Future Expansion

The CPTPP’s updated “rules of origin” provisions are expected to benefit industries like the UK’s car manufacturing and food production. In addition to large firms, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are set to benefit from the easier export processes. The deal will also help UK firms tap into the burgeoning growth corridors in Asia and the Pacific.

A Step Towards Global Trade Leadership

The UK’s membership in the CPTPP is seen as a pivotal step in strengthening its post-Brexit global trade strategy. Conservative leaders, including former Trade Secretary Kemi Badenoch, emphasize that this trade agreement unlocks substantial benefits for various sectors. As more countries, including Costa Rica, express interest in joining the CPTPP, the UK’s role within this growing trade bloc is expected to become increasingly central to its long-term economic success.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
UK Joins CPTPP UK became the first European country to join the CPTPP on Dec 15, 2024. This move is part of the UK’s post-Brexit trade strategy.
CPTPP Members The CPTPP includes Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, and now the UK.
Projected Economic Benefit UK’s membership expected to add up to £2 billion annually to its economy.
CPTPP Overview The CPTPP accounts for 15% of global GDP and includes fast-growing Indo-Pacific economies.
Trade Sectors Impacted Financial services, manufacturing, food and drink, and SMEs will benefit from reduced tariffs and easier market access.
Entry Process UK’s entry ratified by 8 CPTPP members: Japan, Singapore, Chile, New Zealand, Vietnam, Peru, Malaysia, and Brunei. Entry with Australia on Christmas Eve.
Post-Brexit Strategy CPTPP membership helps the UK diversify trade, lessening reliance on EU countries for exports and imports.
UK’s Post-Brexit Trade Deals The UK is seeking new trade agreements globally after leaving the EU following the 2016 Brexit referendum.
Static Points CPTPP Formation: Originated from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), following the US withdrawal in 2016.
Global GDP Share CPTPP members now represent around 15% of global GDP, with a population of 500 million.

Dark Eagle Hypersonic Missile Tested by US Armed Forces

The U.S. military has successfully tested its Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW), also known as “Dark Eagle,” bringing it closer to being fielded as a crucial asset in modern warfare. The test, conducted at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida, demonstrated the missile’s ability to travel at speeds exceeding 3,800 miles per hour (Mach 5), and its capability to strike distant and well-defended targets. This achievement marks a major milestone in hypersonic technology development for the U.S. military, with future operational deployment planned by 2025.

Test Location and Details

  • Conducted at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida.
  • The missile reached speeds of over 3,800 miles per hour, more than five times the speed of sound.

Significance of the Test

  • Demonstrated the missile’s ability to strike distant targets with precision.
  • The test marked the first live-fire trial of the complete Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) system, including the ground-based launcher and operations center.
  • Previous tests only focused on individual components or simulated scenarios.

Strategic Deployment Plans

  • The U.S. Navy plans to deploy the system on Zumwalt-class destroyers and submarines.
  • The Army aims to prepare for operational deployment by 2025.

Design and Capability

  • Designed to counter emerging threats by being able to outpace and outmaneuver traditional missile defense systems.
  • Hypersonic weapons combine speed, range, and maneuverability to target well-defended or time-sensitive objectives on modern battlefields.

Strategic Importance and Criticism

  • Hypersonic weapons are considered essential for maintaining deterrence and precision targeting capabilities.
  • However, critics raise concerns over high production costs and the potential to escalate global tensions, especially with adversaries like China and Russia, who are also advancing their own hypersonic missile programs.

Future Development

  • The U.S. military emphasized the importance of continued testing and evaluation to ensure the system’s safety and effectiveness in an evolving global threat environment.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Dark Eagle Hypersonic Missile Tested by US Armed Forces
Test Location Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida
Missile Name Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) / “Dark Eagle”
Speed Achieved Over 3,800 miles per hour (Mach 5), more than five times the speed of sound
Test Significance First live-fire trial of complete LRHW system, including ground-based launcher and operations center
Deployment Plans Navy: Zumwalt-class destroyers and submarines. 

Army: Operational debut by 2025
System Capabilities Outpaces and outmaneuvers traditional missile defenses; combines speed, range, and maneuverability
Strategic Importance Enhances deterrence and precision targeting in modern warfare
Criticism High production costs, potential to escalate global tensions with adversaries like China and Russia
Next Steps Continued testing and evaluation to ensure safety and effectiveness

Pioneering Green Steel: India’s New Framework

India reached a significant milestone in its commitment to decarbonizing the steel sector and transitioning toward a low-carbon economy. Shri H.D. Kumaraswamy, Union Minister of Steel & Heavy Industries, officially released India’s first-ever Taxonomy of Green Steel during an event at Vigyan Bhavan in New Delhi. The release of this framework positions India as a global leader in defining and advancing green steel production, a sector crucial to achieving the nation’s environmental and sustainability targets.

Key Highlights of the Green Steel Taxonomy Release

Historical Significance

  • India becomes the first nation to unveil a formal taxonomy for green steel.
  • The taxonomy aligns with India’s commitment to achieving net-zero emission intensity by 2070, as part of the larger transition to a low-carbon economy.

Objectives of the Green Steel Taxonomy:

  • To define “green steel” and promote innovation in steel production.
  • To create a market for low-carbon steel products, facilitating the industry’s growth while reducing emissions.
  • To guide the steel sector towards achieving a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions intensity.

Salient Features of the Green Steel Taxonomy

Definition of Green Steel

  • Green Steel is characterized by the emission intensity of less than 2.2 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of finished steel (tfs).
  • The “greenness” of steel is expressed as a percentage, based on how much lower the emission intensity is compared to the 2.2 t-CO2e/tfs threshold.

Green Steel Star Rating System

  • Five-Star Rating: Steel with emission intensity lower than 1.6 t-CO2e/tfs.
  • Four-Star Rating: Steel with emission intensity between 1.6 and 2.0 t-CO2e/tfs.
  • Three-Star Rating: Steel with emission intensity between 2.0 and 2.2 t-CO2e/tfs.
  • Non-Green Steel: Steel with emission intensity above 2.2 t-CO2e/tfs is ineligible for green rating.

Emission Scope and Monitoring

  • The scope of emissions includes Scope 1, Scope 2, and limited Scope 3 emissions (such as agglomeration and beneficiation processes), but excludes upstream mining, downstream emissions, and transportation emissions.
  • The National Institute of Secondary Steel Technology (NISST) will serve as the nodal agency for measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV), and issuing the green certification and star ratings.

Frequency of Certification

  • The green certification for steel plants will be issued on an annual basis, with the possibility of more frequent updates depending on the plant’s reporting and verification processes.

Review and Adaptation

  • The star rating thresholds will be reviewed every three years to ensure they remain aligned with technological advancements and emission reduction goals.

Additional Stakeholder Consultation

  • During the event, consultations were also held on the draft National Mission on Green Steel (NMGS) and Green Steel Public Procurement Policy (GSPPP). 
  • The Ministry of Steel assured that inputs from stakeholders would be incorporated to finalize these documents, ensuring broad-based support and inclusivity.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? India becomes the first country to release a formal Green Steel Taxonomy.
Main Announcement Unveiling of India’s first-ever Green Steel Taxonomy
Significance India becomes the first country to release a formal Green Steel Taxonomy, aiming to decarbonize the steel sector and achieve a low-carbon economy transition.
Purpose of Taxonomy To define green steel, reduce CO2 emissions, foster innovation, and create a market for low-carbon steel products in India.
Green Steel Definition Steel produced with CO2 emissions lower than 2.2 tCO2e per tonne of finished steel (tfs).
Star Rating System – Five-Star: Emission intensity < 1.6 tCO2e/tfs

– Four-Star: Emission intensity between 1.6 and 2.0 tCO2e/tfs

– Three-Star: Emission intensity between 2.0 and 2.2 tCO2e/tfs

– Non-Green: Emission intensity > 2.2 tCO2e/tfs
Review Frequency for Rating Every three years
Scope of Emissions Includes Scope 1, Scope 2, and limited Scope 3 (agglomeration, beneficiation, and embodied emissions in raw materials).
Nodal Agency National Institute of Secondary Steel Technology (NISST)
Certification Frequency Annually, with possibility for more frequent updates based on plant reporting.

Mount Semeru Eruption in East Java

Mount Semeru, located in East Java, Indonesia, erupted on 15th December, spewing a thick column of white-to-grey ash rising up to 1,000 meters into the sky. This eruption prompted an aviation warning from Indonesia’s Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, which issued an orange Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation. Flight restrictions were placed within a 5-kilometer radius of the volcano.

The surrounding areas within 3 to 8 kilometers from the crater are also under a danger zone, with authorities advising against activities near rivers due to potential lava flows and hot clouds. Mount Semeru, standing at 3,676 meters, is one of Indonesia’s most active volcanoes, with a history of frequent eruptions. This eruption follows a series of volcanic activities in Indonesia, including the eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki in November and the Ibu volcano earlier this year. The country is home to over 127 active volcanoes due to its location on the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire.’

Current Situation and Safety Measures

Aviation Warning: An orange level warning restricting flights within a 5-kilometer radius.

Evacuation Plans: A 3-km danger zone declared, with additional threats extending up to 13 km for lava flows.

Local Restrictions: Residents are prohibited from approaching rivers near the volcano’s slopes to avoid danger from pyroclastic flows.

Historical Context and Geology

Semeru’s Eruptive History: With over 55 recorded eruptions since 1818, Semeru has been in near-constant eruption since 1967.

Geological Features: Semeru is a stratovolcano formed in a subduction zone, rising steeply above the plains. It is known for its frequent eruptions involving lava and pyroclastic flows.

Impact on Local Communities and Environment

Past Eruptions: The 2021 eruption killed over 50 people, and the 2022 eruption triggered evacuations and significant damage.

Environmental Concerns: Invasive plant species and agricultural activities are affecting the local ecosystem, especially the shrinking of Ranu Pani Lake due to mud erosion.

Summary of the news

Category Key Points
Why in News Mount Semeru erupted in East Java, Indonesia, prompting an aviation warning. A thick column of ash rose 1,000 meters into the sky.
Aviation Warning An orange Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation was issued, restricting flights within 5 km of the volcano. A 3-km danger zone was declared.
Danger Zone The southeastern area of the volcano has a danger radius extending up to 8 km, and lava flows may extend up to 13 km.
Mount Semeru Located in East Java, Semeru is 3,676 meters tall, one of Indonesia’s 127 active volcanoes.
Past Eruptions Semeru has been in a near-constant eruption since 1967. Recent eruptions occurred in 2021, 2022, and 2024.
Geological Location Mount Semeru is in a subduction zone between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate.
Legends Named after Sumeru, the central mountain in Hinduism, it is believed to be the abode of Shiva in Java.
Flora Issues 25 non-native plants threaten local flora in Mount Semeru National Park, introduced during the Dutch colonial era.
Ranu Pani Lake Shrinking due to silt from vegetable plantations; research predicts it may disappear by 2025 unless sustainable farming replaces current methods.

Govt Unveils ‘Jalvahak’ Scheme to Boost Inland Waterways Cargo Movement

The Indian government has launched the Jalvahak incentive scheme to encourage long-haul cargo transportation via national waterways. Aimed at decongesting road and rail networks and promoting sustainable transport, the scheme offers direct incentives for transporting goods over 300 km on waterways.

Background and Key Features

The Jalvahak scheme, unveiled by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, covers National Waterways 1 (Ganga), 2 (Brahmaputra), and 16 (Barak). It incentivizes cargo owners by providing up to 35% reimbursement on operating costs, making waterway transportation an economical and eco-friendly alternative. This initiative is part of India’s broader effort to unlock the potential of its 20,236 km inland waterways network, which has been underutilized compared to global leaders like the US and China.

Incentives for Cargo Owners and Operators

Targeted Incentives: Cargo owners are encouraged to transport goods over 300 km via these waterways.

Reimbursement Scheme: Offers up to 35% of total operating expenditure.

Economic and Ecological Benefits: Supports cost-effective, environmentally responsible transportation.

Commencement of Fixed Scheduled Services

The scheme was launched with the flagging off of cargo ships from Kolkata, marking the beginning of fixed-schedule services. The services will operate between Kolkata, Patna, Varanasi, and Guwahati, with set transit times aimed at ensuring timely delivery.

Future Goals and Investment Plans

India plans to move 200 million tonnes of cargo by 2030 and 500 million tonnes by 2047. An investment of ₹95.4 crore by 2027 is expected to significantly boost cargo movement on national waterways.

Past and Present Developments

In 2014, India’s inland waterways faced underutilization, but recent investments have led to a 700% increase in cargo transported, from 18.07 million tonnes in 2013-14 to 132.89 million tonnes in 2023-24. The Jalvahak scheme is a step forward in realizing the vision of transforming India’s waterways into a key logistical hub.

Summary of the news

Why in News Key Points
Jalvahak Scheme Launch by Government of India – Jalvahak scheme launched for long-haul cargo movement via inland waterways (Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak rivers).
– 35% operating cost reimbursement for transporting goods over 300 km.
– Target to increase inland waterway cargo transportation to 200 million tonnes by 2030 and 500 million tonnes by 2047.
– Part of the National Waterways (NW) project and broader logistics strategy.
Scheme Details – Focuses on reducing logistics costs and promoting eco-friendly transportation.
– Promotes cargo movement by waterways, easing road and rail congestion.
Static Information – Inland waterways include Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Barak rivers.
– India aims to reduce logistics costs from 13% to 9% of GDP by 2030.
– Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is overseeing the scheme.
Key Fact – Cargo owners can claim reimbursement up to ₹10 lakh under the scheme.

Which District of Maharashtra is Known as the District of Lakes?

Maharashtra, a state in western India, is known for its natural beauty and diverse landscapes. Among its districts, Bhandara is famously known as the District of Lakes because of the numerous lakes spread across the region. These lakes not only enhance the district’s beauty but also plays a vital role in the lives of its people.

An Overview of Maharashtra

Maharashtra, in western India, lies on the Deccan Plateau and is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west. It shares boundaries with states like Karnataka, Goa, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Known for its diverse culture, it is India’s second-most populous state and a globally significant regions.

Number of Districts of Maharashtra

Maharashtra has 6 divisions and 36 districts. Its capital, Mumbai, is a major trading port and India’s financial hub, known for its historical importance and vibrant economy.

District of Lakes in Maharashtra

The Bhandara district in Maharashtra is known as the “District of Lakes.” It is home to over 3,500 small lakes, many of which are centuries old. The district is famous for its beautiful water bodies and rich natural heritage.

Why is Bhandara Known as District of Lakes?

Bhandara district in Maharashtra is known as the “District of Lakes” because it has over 3,500 small lakes. Many of these lakes are centuries old, some dating back 300 years. The district’s natural beauty, with its numerous water bodies, plays a vital role in local life, supporting agriculture, fishing and wildlife, making it a unique and significant regions.

Number of Lakes in Bhandara

Bhandara is famous for having more than 3,500 small lakes spread across the district. These lakes are vital sources of water for the local communities and are essential for agriculture, fishing and daily life.

Location of Bhandara

The Bhandara district is situated on the eastern border of Maharashtra, making it an important region for connecting different parts of the state.

Ancient Lakes and Tanks

Many of the lakes in Bhandara are very old, with some being nearly 300 years old. These ancient lakes and traditional water tanks are a reminder of how people in the past managed water wisely.

Desert Knight: A Strategic Trilateral Air Combat Exercise

India, France, and the UAE have initiated the trilateral air combat exercise “Desert Knight” over the Arabian Sea. This operation aims to strengthen defence cooperation, enhance interoperability among their air forces, and prepare for complex combat scenarios. Conducted in a strategically important region, the exercise underscores growing trilateral ties amid evolving global security challenges and geopolitical tensions.

Key Highlights of the “Desert Knight” Exercise

Objective and Purpose

  • Enhance trilateral defence cooperation and build synergy among India, France, and the UAE.
  • Improve air forces’ interoperability during complex combat scenarios.
  • Foster collaborative skills through realistic and challenging operations.

Participants and Assets

India

  • Aircraft: Sukhoi-30MKI, Jaguars, IL-78 mid-air refuellers, and AEW&C (Airborne Early Warning and Control) systems.
  • Base: Operating from Jamnagar on India’s west coast.

France

  • Deployed Rafale jets from the Al Dhafra airbase in the UAE.

UAE

  • Participated with F-16 fighter jets from the Al Dhafra airbase.

Exercise Details

  • Described as a “large force engagement” featuring intensive combat manoeuvres.
  • Conducted approximately 350-400 km southwest of Karachi over the Arabian Sea.

Duration

  • Three days.
  • Builds on earlier trilateral defence initiatives, with a focus on multiple aircraft types operating in realistic combat scenarios.

Strategic Importance

  • Strengthens defence ties in the Indo-Pacific and Persian Gulf regions.
  • Demonstrates a unified response to challenges such as China’s assertive posturing and expanding influence.
  • Builds on the 2022 trilateral framework for defence, technology, energy, and environment cooperation.

Broader Context and Historical Background

Bilateral Partnerships

India-France Defence Cooperation

  • Longstanding strategic partnership spanning maritime security, counterterrorism, and defence-industrial collaboration.
  • Regular bilateral exercises include,
  • Shakti (army)
  • Varuna (navy)
  • Garuda (air force)

India-UAE Defence Collaboration

  • Includes professional exchanges, training programmes, and multi-nation exercises.
  • IAF regularly participates in “Desert Flag”, hosted by the UAE at the Al Dhafra airbase.

Previous Trilateral Exercises

Maritime Partnership Exercise (2023)

  • Focused on addressing traditional and non-traditional security threats.
  • Demonstrated the potential for collaborative defence frameworks in critical regions.

Geopolitical Implications

  • Reinforces the importance of like-minded nations collaborating for regional stability.
  • Highlights India’s proactive approach to adapting its defence strategies to emerging challenges.
  • Establishes deeper operational readiness and resilience against security threats.

Significance of “Desert Knight”

  • Strengthens India’s defence diplomacy with two key allies—France and the UAE.
  • Advances the trilateral defence roadmap for cooperation across sectors.
  • Reinforces the role of joint exercises in preparing for evolving global security dynamics and safeguarding critical regions like the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Desert Knight: A Strategic Trilateral Air Combat Exercise
Participating Countries India, France, UAE
Objective Enhance trilateral defence cooperation, improve interoperability, and prepare for complex combat scenarios.
Location Arabian Sea, approx. 350-400 km southwest of Karachi.
Duration 3 days
Indian Assets Sukhoi-30MKI, Jaguars, IL-78 mid-air refuellers, AEW&C systems
French Assets Rafale jets
UAE Assets F-16 fighter jets
Base of Operations (India) Jamnagar, West Coast of India
Base of Operations (UAE) Al Dhafra Airbase
Type of Exercise Large force engagement, intensive combat manoeuvres
Strategic Importance Strengthens defence ties in Indo-Pacific and Persian Gulf, focuses on interoperability, addresses geopolitical concerns (China’s influence).
Previous Trilateral Cooperation 2022 trilateral defence framework, 2023 maritime partnership exercise addressing security threats.
Bilateral Partnerships India-France: Long-standing strategic partnership; 

India-UAE: Growing defence cooperation with regular exercises like “Desert Flag.”
Geopolitical Context Response to regional security challenges, including China’s assertive actions and influence.
Significance Reinforces collaborative frameworks for regional stability and evolving global security.

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