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India Set to Surpass Japan as World’s Fourth-Largest Economy by 2026

India is projected to overtake Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy by 2026, according to the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI). This optimistic outlook is underpinned by robust GDP growth forecasts and strategic policy recommendations aimed at enhancing economic resilience and fostering sustainable development.

Projected GDP Growth

PHDCCI anticipates India’s GDP to grow by 6.8% in the current fiscal year (FY2024-25) and accelerate to 7.7% in FY2025-26. This growth trajectory is expected to elevate India’s economic standing globally, enabling it to surpass Japan by 2026.

Tax Reforms to Boost Consumption

To stimulate domestic consumption, PHDCCI recommends increasing the income tax exemption limit to ₹10 lakh and applying the peak tax rate of 30% only to individuals earning above ₹40 lakh, a significant adjustment from the current threshold of ₹15 lakh. Additionally, the chamber suggests reducing the tax rate for entities under proprietorships, partnerships, and LLPs from 33% to 25%, aiming to enhance business efficiency and disposable income.

Monetary Policy Outlook

With Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation expected to decline to between 2.5% and 4% in the coming quarters, PHDCCI anticipates that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) may reduce the benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points in its forthcoming policy review. This monetary easing is projected to support economic growth by lowering borrowing costs.

Strategic Growth Sectors

PHDCCI identifies several promising sectors poised to drive India’s future growth, including agriculture and food processing, fintech, semiconductors, renewable energy, health, and insurance. The chamber emphasizes a commitment to sustainable development to attract global investments and ensure long-term economic progress.

Comprehensive Growth Strategy

To sustain and accelerate economic growth, PHDCCI proposes a five-pronged strategy:

Increased Capital Expenditure: Enhancing infrastructure and public investments to stimulate economic activity.

Enhanced Ease of Doing Business: Simplifying regulatory frameworks to attract domestic and foreign investments.

Reduction in the Cost of Doing Business: Implementing measures to lower operational costs for businesses.

Focus on Labour-Intensive Manufacturing: Promoting sectors that generate substantial employment opportunities.

Greater Integration into Global Value Chains: Strengthening participation in international trade networks to boost exports.

Summary of the news

Key Points Details
Why in news? India is projected to surpass Japan and become the 4th largest economy by 2026, with an anticipated GDP growth rate of 7.7% in FY2025-26, per PHDCCI.
GDP Growth Projections 6.8% in FY2024-25; 7.7% in FY2025-26.
Current Global Rank of India’s Economy 5th largest economy (2023).
Global Rank in 2026 (Projected) 4th largest economy, surpassing Japan.
Proposed Tax Reforms – Income tax exemption limit: ₹10 lakh.
– Peak tax rate (30%) for incomes above ₹40 lakh.
– Tax for partnerships, LLPs: Reduced from 33% to 25%.
Inflation Projection CPI inflation expected to decline to 2.5%–4% in upcoming quarters.
RBI Monetary Policy Outlook Anticipated 25 basis points rate cut in the next review to support growth.
Prominent Growth Sectors Agriculture, fintech, semiconductors, renewable energy, health, and insurance.
Five-Pronged Strategy – Increase capital expenditure.
– Enhance ease of doing business.
– Reduce business costs.
– Focus on labor-intensive manufacturing.
– Boost global trade integration.
Static International Fact: Japan – Capital: Tokyo.
– Prime Minister: Shigeru Ishiba.
– Currency: Japanese Yen (JPY).

Cabinet Nod for 8th Pay Commission Implementation

On January 16, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi with his cabinet approved the formation of the 8th Central Pay Commission (CPC) for central government employees. This decision, announced by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, aims to revise the salaries and allowances of central government employees, along with pensioners. The 8th Pay Commission will work to address the financial needs of the workforce and ensure a timely revision of compensation structures. This step comes ahead of the 7th Pay Commission’s term, which will conclude in 2026, allowing sufficient time to implement the changes before the term ends.

Key Highlights

Objective

  • To revise the salaries, allowances, and pensions of central government employees.

Approval

  • Approved by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and its cabinet on January 16, 2025.
  • Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw made the announcement.

Establishment of the 8th Pay Commission

  • Will address the revision of pay scales and allowances for central government employees and pensioners.

Timeline

  • The 7th Pay Commission was established in 2016, and its term ends in 2026.
  • The 8th Pay Commission is set up well in advance to ensure adequate time for reviewing and finalizing its recommendations.

Government Commitment

  • The establishment of the 8th Pay Commission reflects the government’s commitment to addressing the financial needs of government employees in a timely manner.

Chairman and Members

  • The Chairman and two members for the 8th Pay Commission will be appointed soon.

Importance of Pay Commission

  • The Pay Commission plays a significant role in determining salary structures, pension payments, and allowances for central government employees.

7th Pay Commission (2016-2026)

  • Fitment factor of 2.57 was decided upon, leading to an increase in minimum pay from ₹7,000 to ₹18,000.
  • Pension increases from ₹3,500 to ₹9,000.
  • Maximum salary revised to ₹2,50,000 and maximum pension to ₹1,25,000.

Coverage

  • The pay commission applies to all central government employees in civil services and those paid from the consolidated fund of India.
  • Excludes public sector undertakings (PSUs), autonomous bodies, and Gramin Dak Sevaks.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Cabinet Nod for 8th Pay Commission Implementation
Purpose of the 8th Pay Commission Revision of salaries, allowances, and pensions for central government employees and pensioners
Last Pay Commission 7th Pay Commission (2016-2026)
Chairman and Members To be appointed soon
7th Pay Commission Highlights Fitment factor of 2.57, Minimum salary: ₹18,000, Minimum pension: ₹9,000, Maximum salary: ₹2,50,000, Maximum pension: ₹1,25,000
Coverage Central government employees; excludes PSU and autonomous body employees
Key Focus Areas Salary and allowance revisions, pension decisions
Commitment to Timeliness Proactive establishment of 8th Pay Commission before the end of 7th Pay Commission’s term in 2026
Government’s Approach Regular review and revision of compensation structures

Arjun Erigaisi Stuns Chess World with Wins Against Carlsen, Caruana

Indian grandmaster Arjun Erigaisi achieved a remarkable feat in the online chess community by defeating World No. 1 Magnus Carlsen and World No. 2 Fabiano Caruana in the Titled Tuesday weekly blitz competition conducted by Chess.com. This competition, held in the early hours of Tuesday, was fiercely contested, and Erigaisi’s performance stood out as he finished with 10 points out of 11 rounds, marking his dominance in the event.

Key Highlights

  • Titled Tuesday Competition: A prestigious online chess event for titled players, where participants compete in blitz matches.
  • Defeats in Titled Tuesday: Arjun defeated Magnus Carlsen in round 10 and Fabiano Caruana in round 11 to secure his spot at the top.
  • Loss to Nakamura: His only loss came against American grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura in round 7.
  • Final Points: Arjun finished with 10 points, tied with Nakamura, but had better tiebreaks to secure the top spot.
  • Competition Participation: Over 900 players participated, with Nakamura calling it “the world’s strongest tournament.”

Achievements of Arjun Erigaisi in 2024

  • Chess Olympiad Victory: Arjun contributed to India’s victory at the Chess Olympiad.
  • WR Chess Masters Cup Win: He clinched the prestigious WR Chess Masters Cup in London.
  • Elo Rating Achievement: Arjun became the second Indian, after Viswanathan Anand, to break the 2800 Elo rating barrier.
  • FIDE Rapid Championship Performance: Although Arjun had a strong year, he missed out on qualifying for the 2026 Candidates tournament after finishing fifth in the 2024 FIDE Rapid Championship.
  • Despite his incredible victories, Arjun’s hopes of competing in the 2026 Candidates tournament were dashed as he fell behind in the FIDE Circuit standings.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Arjun Erigaisi Stuns Chess World with Wins Against Carlsen, Caruana
Titled Tuesday Performance Arjun finished with 10 points from 11 rounds, defeating Carlsen and Caruana.
Loss to Nakamura Arjun’s only defeat came against Hikaru Nakamura in round 7.
Tiebreak Position Arjun had better tiebreaks than Nakamura despite both having 10 points.
FIDE Rapid Championship (2024) Arjun finished 5th, 6 points behind Caruana, affecting his chances for the 2026 Candidates.
Elo Rating Achievement Became the second Indian to break the 2800 Elo rating.
Chess Olympiad and WR Chess Masters Cup Contributed to India’s Chess Olympiad win and won the WR Chess Masters Cup.
Future Aspiration Missed out on the 2026 Candidates due to FIDE Rapid Championship performance.

Which District of Jharkhand is Known as the Coal Capital of India?

Jharkhand, located in eastern India, is a state known for its rich natural resources, dense forests and vibrant culture. It is famous for its minerals like coal, iron and mica, making it an individual hub. The state is also home to beautiful waterfalls, wildlife sanctuaries, and tribal heritage, showcasing a perfect mix of nature and tradition. In this article, we will know about the district of Jharkhand which is known as the “Coal Capital of India.”

An Overview of Jharkhand

Jharkhand, meaning “The Land of Forests,” is a state in eastern India. It shares borders with West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha. Ranchi is the capital and Dumka is the sub-capital. Known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places like Baidyanath Dham and Parasnath, it is the 15th largest state by area. Most of its people live in villages, with only 24% in cities.

Coal Capital of India

Dhanbad, a major district in Jharkhand, is known as the Coal Capital of India. It is famous for its 112 coal mines, including the Jharia coalfield, which is one of the largest in India. Producing around 27.5 million metric tonnes of coal annually. Dhanbad plays a key role in India’s coal industry and economy.

Why is Dhanbad Called the Coal Capital of India?

Dhanbad holds this title because it is the largest coal-producing district in India. The city is surrounded by 112 coal mines that produce around 27.5 million metric tonnes of coal annually. The coal mines were initially under British control, but Gujarati railway contractors from Kutch later contributed to starting mining in the Jharia coalfields.

Major Coal Mines in Dhanbad

Dhanbad is home to several important coal mines, including the Jharia coalfield, Barora area, Bastocolla and others. These mines are key contributors to India’s coal production and industrial growth. Here are the names of major coal mines in Dhanbad:

  • Jharia Coalfield
  • Barora Area
  • Bastacolla
  • PB Area

Other Contributions of Dhanbad

Dhanbad is not just about coal mining. It is also an emerging IT hub and a center for manufacturing industries. The district is known for its cultural heritage and has several tourist attractions, making it a well-rounded destination.

Odisha Government Announces ₹20,000 Pension for Emergency Detainees

The Odisha state government has announced a significant welfare measure for individuals who were jailed during the Emergency period from 1975 to 1977. As of January 1, 2025, all surviving detainees from Odisha will receive a monthly pension of ₹20,000, along with medical coverage and other benefits. This move is part of the government’s effort to honor and support those who were imprisoned under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) during the Emergency declared by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Key Points

Pension Announcement

  • The Odisha government will provide ₹20,000 per month as a pension to all surviving individuals jailed during the Emergency (1975-1977).

Medical Benefits

  • Beneficiaries will also receive free medical treatment in accordance with the state’s health welfare provisions.

Eligibility

  • Only individuals who are alive as of January 1, 2025, and were jailed under MISA or related acts will be eligible for the benefits.

Application Process

  • Beneficiaries must apply to the Collector and District Magistrate with required documentation, including an affidavit and details of co-detainees.

Government Committee

  • State and district-level committees have been formed to select eligible individuals for the benefits.

Background of Emergency

  • The Emergency, declared on June 25, 1975, led to widespread arrests of political opponents, with many imprisoned without trial, under the MISA.

Timeline Details

  • Pension Start Date: January 1, 2025
  • Announced on: January 13, 2025, by Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi.

Significance

  • This pension scheme acknowledges the sacrifices made by those who opposed the Emergency and were subjected to imprisonment.
  • The Odisha government’s initiative offers financial assistance and medical support to these individuals, ensuring that their contributions to the democratic fabric of the country are recognized.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Odisha Government Announces ₹20,000 Pension for Emergency Detainees
Pension Amount ₹20,000 per month
Medical Benefits Free medical treatment as per state health welfare provisions
Eligibility Individuals jailed during Emergency (1975-1977) who are alive as of January 1, 2025
Application Process Submit application to Collector and District Magistrate with affidavit, co-detainee details
Announcement Date January 13, 2025
Implementation Date January 1, 2025
Background of Emergency Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi (June 25, 1975) leading to mass arrests of political opponents
Significance Acknowledges the sacrifices of those imprisoned during the Emergency and offers financial and medical aid

When was the First Metro Introduced in India?

Metro trains in India revolutionized urban travel by offering a fast, safe and modern transportation system. It was introduced to reduce traffic problems and make daily commuting easier for people living in busy cities. This marked the beginning of a new era in public transport in the country.

Launch of First Metro in India

The launch of the Kolkata Metro in 1984 marked an important chapter in India’s urban transportation history. It introduced a modern and efficient mode of commuting, transforming the way people traveled in cities.

Historic Beginning of Kolkata Metro

India’s first metro train was launched in Kolkata on October 24, 1984. The initial stretch was a short 3.4 km route between Esplanade and Bhowanipur (now Netaji Bhawan). It was the country’s first operational rapid transit system, offering a solution to the growing traffic problems in urban areas.

The Idea of a Metro in Kolkata

The idea of a metro system in Kolkata was first discussed in the 1920s. However, serious efforts began only in the 1970s, when the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi laid the foundation stone on December 29, 1972. Construction faced many challenges, including funding shortages and logistical difficulties, but the dream finally became a reality in 1984.

First Operations of the Kolkata Metro

When it began, the Kolkata Metro covered a small stretch with just five stations. Despite being a small start, it provided a much-needed alternative for daily commuters. The public response was very positive, and the service quickly became popular for its reliability and speed.

Expanding the Network

Over time, the Kolkata Metro expanded rapidly. From the original 3.4 km, the metro system now covers nearly 60 km, connecting many parts of the city. One of its remarkable achievements is the underwater metro line beneath the Hooghly River, connecting Howrah and Kolkata.

Importance of the Kolkata Metro

The Kolkata Metro has become an essential part of the city’s daily life, helping millions of people commute everyday. It also inspired other cities in India to build their own metro systems, such as the Delhi Metro and Bengaluru Metro.

Pixxel and Digantara Launch Satellites for Earth and Space Monitoring

In a significant achievement for India’s private space sector, two Indian start-ups, Pixxel and Digantara, launched their satellites aboard a SpaceX rocket.  These pioneering missions are aimed at addressing pressing global challenges such as agriculture, defence, and space sustainability. Pixxel’s launch introduces a constellation of satellites for advanced Earth observation, while Digantara’s SCOT satellite focuses on real-time tracking of space objects.

Key Highlights

Pixxel’s Hyperspectral Imaging Satellites

  • Pixxel became the first Indian private company to deploy a constellation of hyperspectral imaging satellites.
  • The “Firefly” satellites provide high-resolution imagery in over 150 spectral bands, offering six times the resolution of standard systems.
  • These satellites monitor vegetation health, water quality, atmospheric conditions, and chemical compositions with a 5-meter hyperspectral capability.
  • Pixxel plans to expand its constellation with three additional satellites, followed by 18 more.
  • The company has clients such as the US National Reconnaissance Organisation, Rio Tinto, and India’s Ministry of Agriculture.
  • Pixxel’s hyperspectral imaging has transformative potential for agriculture, defence, and climate action.

Digantara’s SCOT Satellite

  • Digantara launched SCOT (Space Camera for Object Tracking), the world’s first commercial satellite for tracking space objects as small as 5 cm in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
  • SCOT’s persistent monitoring capabilities address space congestion and satellite debris, which traditional sensors often struggle with due to weather and geography limitations.
  • SCOT is key for safer, more sustainable space operations and is part of Digantara’s vision for a hybrid surveillance network.

Significance of These Launches

  • These launches showcase India’s growing space capabilities and enhance the country’s role in the global space ecosystem.
  • The advancements have wide-ranging applications in climate action, agriculture, defence, and space sustainability.
  • Both companies are setting the stage for innovative solutions to Earth and space monitoring challenges.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Pixxel and Digantara Launch Satellites for Earth and Space Monitoring
Company/Satellite Name Pixxel/Firefly Satellites
Key Features
  • Hyperspectral imaging with 150+ spectral bands.
  • 6x resolution improvement.
  • 5-meter hyperspectral capability.
Target Applications Agriculture, Defence, Climate Action
Future Plans Expand with 3 additional satellites, followed by 18 more.
Digantara SCOT (Space Camera for Object Tracking)
Key Features
  • Tracks objects as small as 5 cm in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
  • Real-time object tracking.
  • Overcomes limitations of traditional sensors.
Target Applications Space Sustainability, Space Security
Future Plans Develop hybrid surveillance network for space object tracking.

US Removes Indian Entities, Adds Chinese Firms to Entity List

The United States Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has updated its Entity List, removing three Indian organizations and adding eleven Chinese firms due to national security concerns.

Indian Entities Removed

The entities removed are:

  • Indian Rare Earths
  • Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Center (IGCAR)
  • Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC)

This decision follows an interagency review aimed at reducing barriers to advanced energy cooperation, including joint research and development, to achieve shared energy security goals.

Implications for US-India Relations

The removal of these Indian entities is expected to:

  • Facilitate US-India energy collaboration
  • Enhance joint research and development efforts
  • Strengthen science and technology cooperation

This move signifies a deepening partnership between the two nations, particularly in the fields of nuclear energy and rare earth materials.

Chinese Entities Added

Conversely, the BIS has added eleven Chinese entities to the Entity List, citing their involvement in activities contrary to US national security and foreign policy interests.

Strategic Significance

These actions send a clear message regarding the consequences of supporting military modernization efforts that oppose US interests, while also highlighting incentives for countries that collaborate with the United States to further shared foreign policy goals and strengthen bilateral relationships.

Background

The Entity List identifies foreign persons, including businesses and research institutions, subject to specific license requirements for the export, reexport, and transfer of specified items.

Summary of the news

Key Point Details
Why in News The US removed three Indian entities (IGCAR, BARC, and Indian Rare Earths) from its Entity List while adding 11 Chinese firms citing national security concerns.
Removed Indian Entities – Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Centre (IGCAR)
– Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
– Indian Rare Earths
Added Chinese Firms 11 Chinese firms added for involvement in activities against US national security.
US Entity List A list that imposes specific license requirements for the export/reexport of certain items to listed foreign persons or entities.
Significance for India Facilitates US-India collaboration in energy, nuclear technology, and advanced research.
Capital of the US Washington, D.C.
US President (2025) Donald Trump
US Bureau Involved Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)

Republic Day 2025: Is It the 76th or 77th Celebration of India’s Republic?

India is gearing up for its grand Republic Day celebrations on January 26, 2025, marking a historic occasion filled with pride, patriotism, and cultural richness. This annual event not only celebrates India’s democratic foundation but also showcases the diversity, unity, and strength of the nation. Here’s everything you need to know about Republic Day 2025, from its historical significance to the parade highlights and ticket information.

Republic Day 2025- Is It The 76th Or 77th Celebration?

If you’re wondering whether 2025 marks the 76th or 77th Republic Day, here’s the clarification: the first Republic Day was celebrated in 1950. Counting from that year, India will be celebrating its 76th Republic Day on January 26, 2025. Notably, this also marks 75 years since the adoption of the Constitution, making this year’s celebration even more special.

The Significance of Republic Day: A Historic Milestone

Republic Day commemorates the day the Indian Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, officially establishing India as a sovereign democratic republic. This monumental event marked the transition of India from a dominion under British rule to a republic with its own governing framework.

Republic Day Parade 2025: A Spectacle to Behold

The Republic Day Parade remains the highlight of the celebrations, taking place along Kartavya Path near India Gate in New Delhi. The parade begins at Rashtrapati Bhavan, proceeding toward India Gate, and features:

  • Marching Contingents: Representing the Indian Armed Forces and paramilitary forces, showcasing their discipline, strength, and commitment to national security.
  • Cultural Tableaux: Colorful and elaborate displays from 15 states and union territories, including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh, highlighting the cultural diversity of India.
  • Central Government Contingents: 11 contingents from central ministries and departments showcasing the progress and achievements of the nation.

Chief Guest for Republic Day 2025: Prabowo Subianto

While an official confirmation is awaited, reports suggest that Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto is expected to grace the occasion as the chief guest.

  • Prabowo Subianto, a former defence minister and special forces commander, recently became Indonesia’s president, succeeding Joko Widodo.
  • His presence underscores the strong diplomatic and cultural ties between India and Indonesia, further enhancing the significance of this year’s Republic Day celebrations.

Republic Day 2025 Theme: ‘Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas’

The theme for Republic Day 2025 is ‘Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas’, which translates to “Golden India: Heritage and Progress.” This theme reflects India’s rich cultural legacy (Virasat) and its strides in development and innovation (Vikas).

The parade at Kartavya Path will embody this theme through:

  • State Tableaux: Displaying cultural heritage and unique traditions of Indian states and union territories.
  • Performances and Decor: Representing India’s journey toward growth while staying rooted in its historical values.

Ticket Information: How to Attend Republic Day 2025

Due to the high demand for tickets, the Ministry of Defence has introduced an accessible process for securing passes to the event and its rehearsals. Here’s how you can participate:

Republic Day Parade Tickets

  • Republic Day Passes: These can be purchased for the parade on January 26, 2025.
  • Full Dress Rehearsal Passes: If you miss out on the parade tickets, you can attend the rehearsal on January 23, 2025, at Kartavya Path, New Delhi.

Registration Platforms

Tickets and passes can be obtained through:

  • Aamantran Portal: Visit aamantran.mod.gov.in for online registration.
  • Aamantran Mobile App: Downloadable from the Mobile Seva App Store, this app provides a user-friendly way to register and secure tickets.

A Parade of Unity and Strength

The Republic Day Parade showcases not only India’s military might but also its cultural unity and diversity. The following highlights are anticipated for 2025:

  • Military Strength: A grand display of India’s latest weapons, tanks, aircraft, and technologies.
  • Cultural Diversity: Elaborate tableaux from various states celebrating traditional arts, crafts, music, and dance forms.
  • Air Show: A breathtaking display by the Indian Air Force, including flyovers by fighter jets and helicopters.

Republic Day Celebrations Beyond Delhi

While the main event takes place in New Delhi, celebrations are held across the country, with flag hoisting ceremonies, cultural programs, and patriotic events organized in schools, colleges, and public spaces.

Sakat Chauth 2025, Know Date, Time, Rituals and Significance

Sakat Chauth Vrat is a sacred day in Hinduism dedicated to Lord Ganesha, the remover of obstacles and the bringer of prosperity. This auspicious day holds immense significance, especially for mothers praying for their children’s well-being. In 2025, Sakat Chauth falls on Friday, January 17. Devotees observe this day with fasting, prayers and rituals to seek blessings for health, happiness and peace.

When is Sakat Chauth Vrat in 2025?

According to the Hindu calendar (Panchang), Sakat Chauth is observed on the Chaturthi Tithi of Krishna Paksha in the month of Megha.

  • Start of Chaturthi Tithi: 4:18 AM on January 17, 2025
  • End of Chaturthi Tithi: 5:46 AM on January 18, 2025

The vrat will be observed on January 17, following the sunrise (Udaya Tithi), Moonrise is expected at 7:32 PM on this day.

Rituals of Sakat Chauth 2025

  • Fasting for Devotion and Blessings: Devotees fast throughout the day, consuming food only after offering prayers to the moon. This fast symbolizes faith and devotion to Lord Ganesha and Sakat Mata.
  • Offering Arghya to the Moon: In the evening, devotees offer Arghya ( a mixture of milk and rice) to the moon. This ritual is done with great care, ensuring the water does not splash on one’s feet, as this is considered disrespectful.
  • Worshiping Lord Ganesha with Durva Grass: During the puja, devotees offer Durva grass to Lord Ganesha, as it is believed to please him. Tulsi (holy basil) leaves should not be offered, as they are considered inappropriate for Ganesha worship.
  • Wearing Auspicious Colors: Black attire is avoided during the puja, as it is considered inauspicious. Instead, devotees wear red or yellow clothes, which symbolizes positivity and blessings.

Significance of Sakat Chauth Vrat

Sakat Chauth is more than a day of fasting. It is a time for devotion, family bonding and seeking divine blessings:

  • For Mothers and Children: Mothers observe this vrat with the hope of ensuring their children’s good health, long life and prosperity.
  • Strengthening Family Bonds: The rituals symbolize care and love within families, particularly between mothers and children.
  • Worship of Sakat Mata and Lord Ganesha: Devotees worship Sakat Mata alongside Lord Ganesha, seeking blessings for protection, peace and happiness in their homes.

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