Fennel seeds are an important spice in Indian cuisine and medicine, known for their distinct flavor and health benefits. India is one of the largest producers of fennel seeds in the world, with several states contributing significantly to its production. In this article, we will explore the top-5 states in India that produce the most fennel seeds, helping to meet both local and global demand.

Fennel Seeds Production in India

In 2023, India’s fennel seed production was estimated at 137,000 metric tons, showing an increase from previous years. This growth highlights the rising demand for fennel seeds in both domestic and international markets, reflecting the strength of India’s fennel farming industry.

Top-5 Fennel Seeds Producing States of India

Fennel seeds are a widely used spice in India, known for their unique flavor and health benefits. Several states in India contribute significantly to its production, meeting both local and international demand. Let’s explore the top-5 five fennel seed-producing states based on their output.

• Gujarat
• Rajasthan
• Madhya Pradesh
• West Bengal
• Uttar Pradesh

Gujarat

Gujarat stands as the leading producer of fennel seeds in India, with an impressive production of 87,435,000 MMT. The state’s favorable climate and advanced agricultural practices make it the top contributor to India’s fennel supply.

Rajasthan

Rajasthan holds the second position with a production of 34,276,000 MMT. The state’s dry climate and fertile soil are ideal for fennel cultivation, helping it secure its place as a major producer.

Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh ranks third, producing 3,717,000 MMT of fennel seeds. The state has been steadily increasing its production through better farming techniques and government support for agriculture.

West Bengal

West Bengal is the fourth-largest producer of fennel seeds, with a production of 1,090,000 MMT. Although its output is smaller compared to the top states, it remains an important contributor to India’s overall fennel production.

Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh ranks fifth with a production of 791,000 MMT. The state is gradually improving its fennel farming through enhanced techniques and support, boosting its contribution to the nation’s supply.

Mall Roads are an important feature in almost every hill station. They are usually located in the heart of the town, attracting both tourists and locals. These roads offer a combination of shopping, dining and leisure, making them popular for strolls and socializing. The scenic beauty along these roads adds to their charm, offering visitors a chance to enjoy the surroundings while shopping or relaxing in the cool climate of the hill station.

Why Every Hill Station has Mall Road?

Every hill station in India has a Mall Road because the British created them during colonial times as social hubs. Originally designed for married officers, these roads offered a space for relaxation and entertainment. Over time, they became central to hill stations, with shops, restaurants, and important buildings like post offices and hospitals. The wide boulevards also encouraged leisurely walks, making Mall Roads a key part of the hill station experience.

Origin of Mall Roads

Mall Roads were originally developed during British rule in India. They were designed as military residential areas, specifically to separate married officers from bachelors. The name “Mall” is said to stand for “Married Accommodation and Living Line Road.” Over time, these roads became social hubs, serving as spaces for relaxation and social activities.

Entertainment Hub

The British  also built shops, restaurants and other entertainment venues along Mall Roads. These spots provided a place for the British officers to relax, enjoy meals and shop. Today, Mall Roads continue to be lively areas with various shops, cafes and other recreational spaces that attract both locals and tourists.

Mall Road, A Place for Social Activities

The Mall Road was designed as a place for social activities. During the colonial era, it was used for social calls, teas, strolls, picnics, dinners, balls, races and amateur theatricals. These social gatherings helped people meet and bond in a relaxed environment. The tradition continues today, with Mall Roads often being the center of social life in hill stations.

Wide Boulevards for Leisurely Walks

The British designed hill stations with wide roads and beautiful gardens to encourage leisurely walks. The Mall Road’s wide space allows people to stroll while enjoying the natural beauty of the area. The scenic views, combined with the well-planned road, make it a perfect spot for tourists to relax and enjoy the surroundings.

Popular Mall Roads in India

Many popular hill stations in India have their own Mall Roads. Some of the famous ones include:

• MG Road in Gangtok, Sikkim
• Mall Road in Shimla
• Mall Road in Manali
• Mall Road in Dehradun

These Mall Roads continue to be important in the daily life of hill stations and are often the first places tourists visit when they arrive.

The world is filled with amazing countries, but some are lesser-known and often overlooked by travelers. These hidden gems offer stunning landscapes, rich cultures and unique experiences. Whether you are looking for remote islands, peaceful villages or untouched nature, these hidden countries provide a chance to explore something truly different. Here are top-10 countries you may not have heard of, but should definitely add to your travel list.

List of Hidden Countries in the World

There are many hidden countries around the world that are not well-known but offer incredible beauty and culture. These lesser-known destinations provide unique experiences, from remote islands to peaceful landscapes, waiting to be explored.

Nauru

Nauru, the third-smallest country in the world, is an island in the Pacific Ocean. It covers just 21 square kilometers and has a population of around 10,800 people. Historically, it was settled by Micronesians and later colonized by Germany, then Australia, New Zealand and the UK. Nauru’s economy relied heavily on phosphate mining, which is now mostly exhausted. The country faces challenges due to environmental damage and dependence on Australia for aid and support.

Tuvalu

Tuvalu is a small island country in the Pacific Ocean, made up of nine islands. It has a population of around 10,600 people, making it one of the least populous nations. Tuvalu was settled by Polynesians over 3,000 years ago and became a British colony in the 19th century. It gained independence in 1978. The economy mainly relies on fishing, international aid and remittances, while Tuvalu faces serious threats from rising sea levels due to climate change.

Kiribati

Kiribati is a small island country in the Pacific Ocean, made up of 32 atolls and one island. It has a population of over 119,000, with most living on Tarawa atoll. Kiribati became independent in 1979 and relies on fisheries and copra for its economy. It is one of the least developed countries and faces serious threats from climate change and rising sea levels. Kiribati is active in global climate discussions as a member of the Alliance of Small Island States.

Palau

Palau is a small island country in the Pacific Ocean, made up of around 340 islands. It has a population of about 18,000, with the most populous island being Koror. Palau gained independence in 1994 and has a close relationship with the United States, which provides defense and aid. The economy relies on tourism, fishing and agriculture. Palau’s culture blends Micronesian, Melanesian, Asian and Western influences, with Palauan and English as official languages.

Futuna

Futuna is a remote island in Polynesia, part of Wallis and Futuna, a French overseas territory. Its isolation and rugged terrain make it difficult to access, keeping it largely unknown to most people. The island maintains traditional Polynesian culture and relies on subsistence agriculture and remittances for its economy. With limited tourism and infrastructure, Futuna remains an undiscovered gem, offering a unique look into authentic Polynesian life.

Mayotte

Mayotte is a French overseas department located in the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and Mozambique. It consists of two main islands and several islets. The population of around 320,000 is predominately Muslim, and the official language is French. While it is France’s poorest department, it has developed infrastructure and a welfare system. Mayotte faces challenges like poverty, overcrowding and illegal immigration, mainly from neighboring Comoros.

Andorra

Andorra is a small, landlocked country in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France and Spain. It was established in 1278 and is governed by two co-princess: the Bishop of Urgell and the President of France. The capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital in Europe. With a population of around 79,000, Andorra is known for its tourism, attracting about 8 million visitors yearly. The official language is Catalan.

Monaco

Monaco is a tiny, wealthy city-state on the French Riviera, bordered by France and close to Italy. With a population of about 38,000, it is the second-smallest country in the world. Monaco is famous for its luxurious lifestyle, casinos and mild climate. It has no personal income tax (except for France citizens), attracting millionaires. Monaco is also known for its Grand Prix, banking sector and marine research efforts. Its defense is the responsibility of France.

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein is a small, wealthy country in the Alps, bordered by Switzerland and Austria. It has a population of about 40,000 and is known for its strong financial sector and high standard of living. The country is a constitutional monarch with a prince holding significance powers. Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc and participates in the Schengen Area and European Economic Area. It is famous for winter sports and has no national debt.

Albania

Albania is a country in Southeast Europe, located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. It shares borders with Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Greece. The capital is Tirana, and the country has diverse landscapes, from mountains to plains. Albania has a rich history, including ancient Greek and Roman influences. After gaining independence in 1912, it went through various political changes, becoming a republic. It has a growing economy, with a focus on services, manufacturing and tourism.