February 2025 Special Days: List of National & International Important Days

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February 2025 Special Days: List of National & International Important Days

February, the second month of the year, is a month filled with important days that highlight various global issues and celebrations. From raising awareness about environmental conservation to promoting love and social justice, each day in February has its own significance. These observances remind us of the importance of unity, health and education. Let’s took a look at some of the key dates to remember in February 2025.

February Special Days 2025

February is a month filled with celebrations and important observances in India and globally. It marks the end of winter, and many festivals are celebrated throughout the country. February also highlights several national and international events that raise awareness about key issues like health, the environment and social causes. These days help educate people about their significance, encouraging reflection and action. For those preparing for competitive exams like Banking and SSC, knowing these important days can be useful for general awareness.

List of Special Days in February 2025

February 2025 is a month full of important days that highlight key issues, festivals and celebrations. These days focus on raising awareness about health, the environment and social causes, making it a meaningful month for reflection and action.

Here is the list of important days in February 2025:

Date	Special Days
1 February	Union Budget
2 February	World Wetlands Day
2 February to 8 February	International Development Week
3 February	Vasant Panchami
4 February	World Cancer Day
6 February	International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation
7 February	Surajkund Crafts Mela
10 February	International Day of the Arabian Leopard
	World Pulses Day
	International Epilepsy Day
11 February	Anti-Smuggling Day 2025
11 February	International Day of Women and Girls in Science
12 February	Magha Purnima 2025
	International Day for the Prevention of Violent Extremism as and When Conducive to Terrorism 2025
	Guru Ravidas Jayanti 2025
13 February	World Radio Day
	Sarojini Naidu Birth Anniversary
15 February	International Childhood Cancer Day
15 February	World Pangolin Day
17 February to 27 February	Taj Mahostsav
19 February to 9 March	ICC Champions Trophy
20 February	Arunachal Pradesh Foundation Day
	World Anthropology Day
	Mizoram Foundation Day
	World Day of Social Justice
21 February	International Mother Language Day
22 February	World Thinking Day
23 February	World Peace and Understanding Day
24 February	Central Excise Day
26 February	Mahashivratri
26 February	Veer Savarkar’s Death Anniversary
27 February	World NGO Day
28 February	National Science Day
	Rare Disease Day
	Ramadan

Important Days in February 2025 in Brief

February 2025 will be filled with important days that celebrate culture, history and awareness. These days highlight key events and causes, offering opportunities for reflection and action. Let’s explore some of the significant days in February 2025.

February 1, 2025 – Union Budget

Every year on February 1, the Finance Minister presents India’s Union Budget. This budget includes government plans for revenue and spending in the next year. It’s an important event that shapes economic policies and sets priorities for different sectors and development.

1 February, 2025 – India Coast Guard Day

Indian Coast Guard Day is celebrated on February 1 every year. It marks the foundation of the Indian Coast Guard. The Coast Guard plays a vital role in protecting India’s coasts, enforcing maritime rules and ensuring safety in Indian waters.

2 February 2025 – World Wetlands Day

World Wetlands Day is observed on February 2 to raise awareness about wetlands and their importance. It marks the adoption of the Ramsar Convention on February 2, 1971, which focuses on the conservation of wetlands around the world.

2 February 2025 – RA Awareness Day

RA Awareness Day is observed on February 2 to raise awareness about rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It helps understand the causes, symptoms and ways to manage this disease, which affects joints and causes pain and inflammation.

2 February to 8 February 2025 – International Development Week

International Development Week is celebrated from February 2 to 8. It aims to raise awareness about the importance of international development and the different career paths in this field. This year marks its 35th anniversary in Canada.

3 February 2025 – National Golden Retriever Day

National Golden Retriever Day is celebrated on February 3. It honors the Golden Retriever breed, known for its friendly, intelligent and playful nature. They make great pets and are loved for their loyal companionship.

3 February 2025- Vasant Panchami

Vasant Panchami, also known as Saraswati Puja, is celebrated on February 3. It marks the arrival of spring and honors Goddess Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, wisdom and arts The festival is celebrated differently across regions in India.

4 February 2025 – World Cancer Day

World Cancer Day is observed on February 4 to spread awareness about cancer prevention, treatment and research. It encourages people to take action against cancer and shows solidarity with those affected by it. The theme focuses on personal commitment to the fight.

4 February 2025 – National Day of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka celebrates its National Day on February 4, marking its independence from British rule in 1948. This day honors the country’s sovereignty and is a reminder of its history and independence.

5 February 2025 – Delhi Legislative Elections

Delhi Legislative Elections are held on February 5, determining the composition of the Delhi Legislative Assembly. The results of these elections play a key role in shaping the governance and policies of India’s capital.

6 February 2025 – International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation

On February 6, the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is observed. The day aims to raise awareness about the harmful effects of female genital mutilation and the need to prevent this practice worldwide.

7 February to 14 February 2025 – Valentine’s Week

Valentine’s Week is celebrated from 7 to 14, leading up to Valentine’s Day on February 14. Each day is dedicated to celebrating love, friendship and relationships through different gestures and acts of affection.

7 February 2025 – Surajkund Crafts Mela

Surajkund Crafts Mela, held from February 7 to 23 in Haryana, celebrates India’s rich cultural heritage. It features handicrafts, handlooms and local traditions from various parts of the country, attracting visitors from all over India and abroad.

8 February 2025 – National Opera Day

National Opera Day is celebrated on February 8 to honor opera, an art from combining music, singing, acting and dance. The day highlights the cultural significant of opera and its impact on the performing arts.

9 February 2025 – Baba Amte’s Death Anniversary

Baba Amte’s Death Anniversary is observed on February 9 to remember his contributions as a social worker. Known for his work with leprosy patients, he dedicated his life to the welfare of marginalized communities in India.

10 February 2025 – National Deworming Day

National Deworming Day is observed on February 10 in India to ensure that every child is free from worms. The government organizes mass deworming drives to protect children from health issues caused by intestinal worms.

February 10 – World Pulses Day

World Pulses Day, observed on February 10, raises awareness about the nutritional and environmental benefits of pulses. Pulses are important for sustainable food production and contribute to food security and better health.

10 February 2025 – International Epilepsy Day

International Epilepsy Day is observed on February 10. It aims to raise awareness about epilepsy, highlight its challenge, and emphasize the importance of improved care, treatment and research for better quality of life for those affected.

11 February 2025 – World Day of the Sick

World Day of the Sick is observed on February 11. It encourages people to pray and offer support for those suffering from illness. The day was introduced by Pope John Paul II to promote compassion and care for the sick.

11 February 2025 – International Day of Women and Girls in Science

International Day of Women and Girls in Science on February 11. It honors the contributions of women and girls in science and aims to achieve gender equality in the field of scientific research and education.

11 February 2025 – Safer Internet Day

Safer Internet Day, observed on February 11, encourages people to use the internet safely. The day promotes online security, particularly for children and young people, by raising awareness about online risks and how to avoid them.

12 February 2025 – Darwin Day

Darwin Day, celebrated on February 12, commemorates the birth of Charles Darwin, the father of evolutionary biology. The day honors his contributions to science, especially the theory of natural selection and the study of evolution.

12 February 2025 – Abraham Lincoln’s Birthday

Abraham Lincoln’s Birthday is observed on February 12 to honor the birth of the 16th president of the United States. Lincoln is known for his leadership during the Civil War and his role in abolishing slavery.

12 February 2025 – National Productivity Day

National Productivity Day is observed on February 12 in India. It aims to promote a culture of productivity and efficiency in all sectors by encouraging individuals and organizations to improve their performance and achieve higher output.

13 February 2025 – World Radio Day

World Radio Day, celebrated on February 13, raises awareness about the importance of radio. Radio is a powerful medium for information, education, and entertainment, especially in rural areas, and it plays a key role in global communication.

13 February 2025 – Sarojini Naidu Birth Anniversary

Sarojini Naidu’s birth anniversary is celebrated on February 13. She was a famous poet, freedom fighter, and the first woman president of the Indian National Congress. Naidu is remembered for her significant contributions to Indian literature and politics.

14 February 2025 – Saint Valentine’s Day

Valentine’s Day, celebrated on February 14, honors Saint Valentine and the idea of love. People express their feelings by sending gifts, cards, and flowers to their loved ones, making it a day of affection and celebration of relationships.

14 February 2025 – World Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Day

World Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Day, observed on February 14, raises awareness about congenital heart defects, which affect many newborns. The day aims to educate the public on the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

17 February to 27 February 2025 – Taj Mahotsav

Taj Mahotsav, celebrated from February 17 to 27, is an annual festival held in Agra to showcase India’s rich cultural heritage. It features music, dance, crafts, and delicious food, celebrating the cultural diversity and craftsmanship of India.

19 February to 9 March 2025 – ICC Champions Trophy

The ICC Champions Trophy, scheduled from February 19 to March 9, brings together top cricketing nations for a competitive tournament. It features exciting limited-overs cricket with world-class teams battling for the championship.

20 February 2025 – Arunachal Pradesh Foundation Day

Arunachal Pradesh Foundation Day, observed on February 20, celebrates the state’s status as a Union Territory in 1972. It marks its journey toward becoming a full-fledged state and recognizes its cultural and historical significance.

20 February 2025 – World Anthropology Day

World Anthropology Day is observed on February 20 to celebrate the field of anthropology, which studies human societies and cultures. It highlights the importance of understanding human diversity and promotes education in anthropology.

20 February 2025 – Mizoram Foundation Day

Mizoram Foundation Day, celebrated on February 20, marks the day Mizoram became the 23rd state of India in 1987. The day celebrates the state’s culture, history, and achievements since it became part of India.

20 February 2025 – World Day of Social Justice

World Day of Social Justice, observed on February 20, promotes social justice by addressing issues like poverty, exclusion, and unemployment. It encourages people to support efforts for full employment, equality, and social integration worldwide.

21 February 2025 – International Mother Language Day

International Mother Language Day, observed on February 21, celebrates linguistic and cultural diversity. It raises awareness about the importance of preserving and promoting mother languages to protect cultural heritage and ensure communication.

22 February 2025 – World Thinking Day

World Thinking Day is observed on February 22 by Girls Scouts and Guides worldwide. It is a day of reflection and global solidarity, where they focus on issues related to the world and the global community, encouraging mutual understanding.

23 February 2025 – World Peace and Understanding Day

World Peace and Understanding Day, celebrated on February 23, commemorates Rotary International’s founding. It promotes global peace and understanding by encouraging people from different backgrounds to collaborate and built peaceful communities.

24 February 2025 – Central Excise Day

Central Excise Day, observed on February 24, honors the excise department’s role in collecting taxes on manufactured goods. The day encourages excise employees to carry out their duties with integrity and improve the nation’s economic system.

26 February 2025 – Mahashivratri

Mahashivratri, celebrated on February 26, honors Lord Shiva. It’s a major Hindu festival marked by fasting, prayers, and rituals. Devotees seek blessings from Lord Shiva and celebrate his significance in the Hindu religion.

27 February 2025 – World NGO Day

World NGO Day, celebrated on February 27, honors non-governmental and non-profit organizations and the people who work behind them. It recognizes their contributions to society and the positive impact they create in various fields like education, health, and environment.

28 February 2025 – National Science Day

National Science Day is celebrated on February 28 in India to honor the discovery of the Raman Effect by physicist Sir C.V. Raman in 1928. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this groundbreaking discovery that advanced the field of light scattering.

28 February 2025 – Rare Disease Day

Rare Disease Day, observed on February 28, raises awareness about rare diseases. It highlights the challenges faced by those living with rare conditions, their families, and caregivers, aiming to bring attention to their needs and encourage medical advancements.

28 February 2025 – Ramadan

Ramadan, starting on February 28 this year, is a month-long period of fasting observed by Muslims worldwide. It promotes spiritual growth, self-discipline, and compassion by encouraging people to fast from dawn to sunset, focusing on empathy, reflection, and devotion.

Which Country is Known as the Land of Tulips?

There is a country in Europe that is world-famous for its beautiful and colorful flowers. Every spring, millions of these flowers bloom, covering the fields in bright colors. This country has a long history of growing and selling these flowers, attracting tourists from all over the world. It even has special festivals to celebrate them, making it a top destinations for flower lovers.

Which Country is Known as the Land of Tulips?

The Netherlands is known as the Land of Tulips because it is one of the biggest producers and exporters of tulip flowers and bulbs. Tulips were introduced in the 16th century and became very popular, leading to the famous Tulip Mania in the 17th century. The country’s cool climate and fertile soil make it perfect for growing tulips and places like Keukenhof attract millions of visitors every year.

Why is Netherlands Known as the Land of Tulips?

The Netherlands is known as the “Land of Tulips” because of its deep connection with these beautiful flowers, making it a famous symbol of the country worldwide. Here are some reasons why Netherlands earned the title of the “Land of Tulips”:

Global Leader in Tulips

The Netherlands is the world’s largest producer and exporter of tulip bulbs. The country grows around 3 billion tulip bulbs each year. Many of these bulbs are sent to different countries, making the Netherlands the top player in the tulip industry.

History of Tulips in the Netherlands

Tulips were first brought to the Netherlands in the 16th century. People quickly fell in love with these beautiful flowers and by the 17th century, “Tulip Mania” had begun. During this time, tulip bulbs became so valuable that they were sold for very high prices.

Perfect Conditions for Tulip Farming

The Netherlands has the perfect weather and soil for growing tulips. The cool climate and well-drained soil help the flowers grow strong and healthy. Farmers use modern techniques to produce high-quality tulips every year.

Famous Tulip Gardens and Farms

The Netherlands is home to many tulip farms and gardens. One of the most famous places is Keukenhof, also known as the “Garden of Europe.” This park is filled with millions of tulips in spring, attracting thousands of visitors.

Tulips and the Dutch Economy

The tulip industry is an important part of the Dutch economy. It provides jobs for thousands of people and generates billions of dollars. The Netherlands also holds flower auctions where tulips and other flowers are sold in large quantities.

An Overview of Netherlands

The Netherlands, also called Holland, is a small country in Western Europe, sharing borders with Belgium and Germany. It is famous for windmills, canals, tulips and cheese. Much of its land is below sea level, so dikes and polders help prevent flooding. The country lies at the mouths of three major rivers: Rhine, Meuse, and Schelde. The Netherlands also has territories in the Caribbean and is known for its rich culture and high quality of life.

Which District of Uttar Pradesh is Known as the Suhag Nagari?

Uttar Pradesh is a state known for its rich culture, traditions and unique cities. Many places in the state have special names based on their history, industries or famous products. One such district is called “Suhag Nagari,” a name that reflects its deep connection with Indian traditions. This city is known for something very special that plays an important role in the lives of married women. Let’s find out more about it.

An Overview of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is a state in northern India and the most populated state in the country, with over 241 million people. It has more people than most countries in the world. The state shares borders with Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. It is the fourth-largest state by area. Lucknow is the capital and Prayagraj is the judicial capital.

Number of Districts of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh has 75 districts, the highest in India. These districts are grouped into 18 administrative divisions for better administration. The state capital is Lucknow, while Prayagraj serves as the judicial capital. Uttar Pradesh is also India’s most populous state.

Suhag Nagari in Uttar Pradesh

Firozabad, a district in Uttar Pradesh, is known as “Suhag City” (Suhag Nagari) because of its famous glass bangle industry. Bangles are an important symbol of marriage in Indian culture. Firozabad is the largest producer of glass bangles in India. Located 40 km from Agra, it is also a center for glassware production.

Why is Firozabad Known as Suhag Nagari?

Firozabad is famous for its glass bangles and glassware industry. Bangles are an important part of Indian traditions, especially for married women. Since Firozabad is the biggest producer of glass bangles in India, it is known as “Suhag Nagari.”

Firozabad’s Importance in Glassmaking

Firozabad is the center of India’s glass industry. It produces not only bangles but also glass lamps, chandeliers, and decorative items. The city has been making glass products for over 200 years, and its bangles are famous all over India.

Where is Firozabad Located?

Firozabad is in western Uttar Pradesh, near Agra. It is about 40 km from Agra, making it easy to visit from various tourist spots like the Taj Mahal.

Veteran BJP Leader and Former Union Minister Dr. Debendra Pradhan Passes Away at 84

Veteran BJP leader and former Union Minister Dr. Debendra Pradhan passed away on Monday in New Delhi after a brief illness. He was 84 years old and is survived by his wife and two sons. Dr. Pradhan breathed his last at the official residence of his son, Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan.

Early Life and Education

Dr. Debendra Pradhan was born on July 16, 1941. He pursued medicine and earned his MBBS degree from SCB Medical College, Cuttack, in 1966. After completing his studies, he began his career as a medical officer in Talcher. However, his passion for social service and agriculture led him to leave government service and dedicate his life to public welfare.

Political Journey and Contributions

Early Political Career

Dr. Pradhan was one of the key architects of the BJP’s growth in Odisha. He joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 1983 and was appointed as the president of the party’s Talcher Mandal the same year, a position he held until 1985.

His entry into electoral politics began in 1984, when he contested for the Deogarh Lok Sabha seat. Though he faced a defeat, he continued his political journey with dedication. In 1985, he was appointed as the president of the undivided Dhenkanal district BJP unit.

Leadership in Odisha BJP

Dr. Pradhan played a pivotal role in strengthening the BJP in Odisha. He served as the state BJP president for three consecutive terms, from 1988 to 1993 and again from 1995 to 1997. During his tenure, he worked extensively to expand the party’s base in the state.

Electoral Success and Ministerial Positions

Despite facing electoral defeats in 1991 and 1996, Dr. Pradhan achieved victory in the 1998 general elections from Deogarh parliamentary constituency. His win secured him a place in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee-led government, where he was appointed as the Union Minister for Surface Transport.

He continued his political success by winning the 1999 Lok Sabha elections from Deogarh and subsequently took on additional responsibilities as the Union Minister for Surface Transport and Agriculture in the Vajpayee cabinet. His leadership was instrumental in shaping policies aimed at modernizing infrastructure and boosting the agricultural sector.

Later Political Life and Guidance Role

In 2001-02, Dr. Pradhan served as the national vice president of BJP, further strengthening his influence within the party. However, after losing the 2004 Assembly election from Pallahara, his electoral career came to an end.

Despite stepping away from active politics, he continued to be an important mentor for BJP leaders in Odisha. He played a guiding role as a Marg Darshak (mentor) and remained involved in shaping the party’s strategies.

Which City of United States is Known as the Magic City?

There is a city in the United States that is known for its fast growth, beautiful scenery and rich culture. This city changed from a small town to a large, exciting place in a very short time, which seemed almost magical. It is famous for its warm weather, stunning beaches and diverse population. Many people visit this city every year to enjoy its unique charm and vibrate lifestyle.

Magic City of United States

Miami, a famous city in Florida, is called “The Magic City.” This name comes from its quick and surprising growth. In just a short time, Miami changed from a small town into a large and busy city. People found this transformation almost magical, which is why it got this special nickname.

Why is Miami Known as the Magic City?

Miami is called “The Magic City” because of its incredible transformation. Here are the reasons why it got this unique nickname:

Rapid Growth

Miami grew very fast in the early 1900s. The Florida East Coast Railway helped bring more people and land development projects turned swampy areas into land for homes and businesses.

“Land of the Gallon” Era

During this time, people bought and sold land quickly. Sometimes, real estate deals happened so fast that people said Miami was selling “land of the gallon.”

A Magical Transformation

The speed of Miami’s growth amazed everyone. In just a few years, it became a busy city, making it look like magic.

Miami’s Ever-Changing Charm

Even today, Miami keeps changing and growing. It attracts people from all over the world because of its exciting culture, business opportunities and beautiful beaches.

An Overview of Miami

Miami is a famous city in southeastern Florida, near the Atlantic Ocean. It is located on Biscayne Bay, with the Everglades to the west. It is the southernmost large city in the US. Miami is well known for its warm beaches, diverse cultures, and role as a major center for trade and tourism. It also has one of the busiest ship ports in the world. With its beauty, energy and rapid growth, Miami truly shines as “The Magic City.”

Delhi to Sign MoU with Centre for PM-ABHIM Implementation on March 18, 2025

Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM).

In a significant step towards strengthening healthcare infrastructure, the Delhi government will sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on March 18, 2025, to implement the Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM). Under this scheme, 1,139 Urban Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (U-AAMs) will be set up in Delhi to enhance primary healthcare services and respond to future pandemics and outbreaks. The scheme also includes upgrading 553 existing mohalla clinics and establishing 413 new U-AAMs. This move comes after a prolonged legal battle and a change in Delhi’s political scenario.

Key Highlights of the Deal

About PM-ABHIM Scheme

Central government scheme launched to strengthen public health infrastructure.
Aims to respond effectively to future pandemics and health emergencies.
Focuses on upgrading primary healthcare facilities across urban and rural areas.

Implementation Plan for Delhi

1,139 Urban Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (U-AAMs) to be established.
553 existing mohalla clinics to be upgraded to U-AAMs.
413 new U-AAMs to be opened.
Scheme previously implemented only for diagnostic labs at Indira Gandhi Hospital on a pilot basis.

Political and Legal Background

Delhi’s AAP government had earlier refused to implement the scheme.
The Delhi High Court ordered the government to sign the MoU by January 5, 2025, despite the Model Code of Conduct.
On January 17, 2025, the Supreme Court stayed the High Court order.
The new BJP-led government in Delhi decided to implement the scheme in February 2025.
On March 18, 2025, the Delhi government will officially sign the MoU with the Centre.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Delhi to Sign MoU with Centre for PM-ABHIM Implementation on March 18, 2025
Scheme Name	Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM)
Objective	Strengthen public health infrastructure and respond to future pandemics
Implementing Authorities	Delhi Government & Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Number of U-AAMs	1,139
Existing Clinics to be Upgraded	553
New U-AAMs to be Opened	413
MoU Signing Date	March 18, 2025
Legal Status	Initially opposed by AAP, later accepted by BJP-led government
Pilot Implementation	Diagnostic labs at Indira Gandhi Hospital

BEL Signs ₹2,906 Crore Deal with MoD for Indigenous LLTR (Ashwini) Radar

In a significant step toward strengthening India’s air defence capabilities, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) has signed a ₹2,906 crore contract with the Ministry of Defence (MoD) for the procurement of the Low-Level Transportable Radar (LLTR) Ashwini. The radar, developed indigenously by DRDO’s Electronics & Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), is based on solid-state technology and is capable of tracking aerial targets, including drones, helicopters, and fighter jets. This deal aligns with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative, boosting indigenous defence production.

Key Highlights of the Deal

About the Ashwini LLTR Radar

Active electronically scanned phased array radar, developed by DRDO and BEL.
Based on solid-state technology for advanced tracking.
Tracks high-speed fighter jets as well as slow-moving drones and helicopters.
Equipped with Integrated Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system for 4D surveillance (range, azimuth, elevation, and velocity).
Comes with Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM) capabilities to resist enemy jamming.
Designed for mobility and can operate in diverse terrains.
Fully indigenous radar, supporting India’s self-reliance in defence manufacturing.

Details of the BEL-MoD Deal

₹2,906 crore contract signed on March 14, 2025.
The deal was signed in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh.

This is BEL’s second major defence order in a week, following a ₹577 crore deal for,

Airborne electronic warfare systems
Underwater communication systems
Doppler weather radars
Train communication systems
Radar upgrades and related services

Strategic Importance

Enhances India’s air surveillance and defence capabilities.
Strengthens the Indian Air Force’s ability to detect and track aerial threats.
Reduces dependence on imported radar systems.
Aligns with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative to promote indigenous defence manufacturing.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	BEL Signs ₹2,906 Crore Deal with MoD for Indigenous LLTR (Ashwini) Radar
Radar Name	LLTR (Ashwini)
Contract Value	₹2,906 crore
Signed Between	BEL and Ministry of Defence (MoD)
Developed By	DRDO’s Electronics & Radar Development Establishment (LRDE) and BEL
Technology Type	Solid-state technology
Capabilities	Tracking high-speed fighter jets, slow-moving drones, and helicopters
Special Features	Integrated IFF system, 4D surveillance, ECCM capabilities
Strategic Importance	Enhances air defence, supports Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative

Armenia and Azerbaijan Finalize Peace Treaty to End 40-Year Conflict

In a historic breakthrough, Armenia and Azerbaijan have agreed on the text of a peace treaty, ending almost four decades of conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The peace agreement was finalized on March 13, 2025, marking a significant step toward establishing stability in the South Caucasus region. However, Azerbaijan demands a change in Armenia’s constitution before signing the treaty, which has created uncertainty regarding the timeline for its official signing.

Key Highlights of the Agreement

Background of the Conflict

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict began in the late 1980s, when the region, with a majority ethnic Armenian population, attempted to separate from Azerbaijan with Armenia’s support.
The conflict led to two wars and mass expulsions of ethnic communities from both sides.
Azerbaijan retook the Nagorno-Karabakh region by force in September 2023, causing 100,000 ethnic Armenians to flee to Armenia.

The Peace Agreement

Both Armenia and Azerbaijan finalized the text of the peace treaty on March 13, 2025.
Armenia’s Foreign Ministry confirmed that the treaty is ready for signing and proposed consultations on the date and location for the signing ceremony.
Azerbaijan’s Foreign Ministry also expressed satisfaction with the draft treaty.

Conditions for Signing

Azerbaijan insists that Armenia must amend its constitution, claiming it makes implicit territorial claims on Azerbaijan.
Armenia denies the allegations but Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has acknowledged the need to replace the constitution through a referendum, though no date has been set.

Geopolitical Impact

The agreement prevents third-party forces from being deployed along the Armenia-Azerbaijan border, which affects,

European Union’s monitoring mission, which Baku opposes.
Russian border guards stationed at parts of Armenia’s frontier.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Despite the agreement, tensions remain high, with Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev accusing Armenia of posing a “fascist threat” in January 2025.
Both nations aim to normalize relations and demilitarize their 1000 km shared border.

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Armenia and Azerbaijan Finalize Peace Treaty to End 40-Year Conflict
Conflict Duration	Nearly 40 years (since late 1980s)
Agreement Finalized	March 13, 2025
Disputed Region	Nagorno-Karabakh
Key Condition	Armenia to amend its constitution
Armenian Prime Minister	Nikol Pashinyan
Azerbaijani President	Ilham Aliyev
Role of Russia and EU	Restricted from border monitoring
Current Status	Treaty text finalized, but signing delayed

Union Minister Lays Foundation Stone for NECTAR’s Permanent Campus in Shillong

Union Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Jitendra Singh, laid the foundation stone for the North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR) permanent campus at Mawdiangdiang, Shillong, on March 13, 2025. NECTAR, an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, focuses on leveraging technology for the socio-economic development of the Northeast region. The Minister highlighted NECTAR’s achievements in saffron cultivation, drone technology, and STEM education, and emphasized its potential to make the Northeast the next saffron hub of India.

Key Highlights of the Event

About NECTAR

Established in 2014 under the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
Works towards technology-driven socio-economic development in the Northeast region.
Permanent campus foundation stone laid at Mawdiangdiang, Shillong.

Union Minister’s Announcements

NECTAR’s Mission Saffron launched in 2021 to introduce saffron cultivation in the Northeast.
STEM Education Lab in collaboration with IISER Pune and Smart Village Movement, empowering 100 schools with robotics, 3D printing, and electronics technology.
Drone technology applications for flood vulnerability assessments in Morigaon, Dhubri, and Majuli districts.
Beekeeping and Honey Mission for enhancing rural livelihoods.
NECTAR to play a key role in “Atmanirbhar Northeast” and “Viksit Bharat”, aligning with PM Modi’s vision for equitable regional growth.

NECTAR’s Key Focus Areas

Saffron Cultivation
Drone Technology
STEM Education
Flood Risk Mitigation
Beekeeping and Honey Mission
Bamboo Innovation

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	Union Minister Lays Foundation Stone for NECTAR’s Permanent Campus in Shillong
Location	Mawdiangdiang, Shillong
Union Minister	Dr. Jitendra Singh
Institute	North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR)
Department	Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India
Key Mission	Mission Saffron (2021)
STEM Education Collaboration	IISER Pune and Smart Village Movement
Focus Sectors	Saffron, Drone Technology, STEM Education, Flood Assessment, Beekeeping

Which is the Largest Railway Station of Nagaland? Know About It

Nagaland, a beautiful state in northeastern India, has a developing railway network that connects it to other parts of the country. Rail transport is important for people travelling long distances and for businesses goods. The state has a railway station that is the largest and busiest, playing a key role in transportation. This station serves as a major link between Nagaland and the rest of India.

An Overview of Nagaland

Nagaland is a state in northeastern India. Its shares borders with Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur and Myanmar. The capital city is Kohima, while the largest city is Chumoukedima-Dimapur. The state covers 16,779 square kilometers and has a population (2011 census). It is one of the least populated states in India and is known for its rich culture and beautiful landscapes.

Largest Railway Station in Nagaland

The largest railway station in Nagaland is Dimapur Railway Station. It is the busiest and most important railway station in the state, located in Dimapur District. This station connects Nagaland to major cities like Guwahati, Kolkata and New Delhi. It is part of the Lumding-Dibrugarh railway section and plays a key role in transportation and trade.

Location and Significance of Dimapur Railway Station

Dimapur Railway Station is situated in Dimapur, the largest city in Nagaland. It is part of the Lumding-Dibrugarh railway section and serves people from Dimapur and nearby areas. Since it is the only major railway section in Nagaland, it is essential for passengers and goods transport.

History of the Station

The railway in this region was originally metre-gauge, built by the Assam Bengal Railway in the early 1900s. In 1903, the line was extended from Chittagong (now in Bangladesh) to Lumding and then to Tinsukia. Later, the metre-gauge track was upgraded to broad gauge (1,676 mm), and this conversion was completed by 1997.

India’s Wholesale Inflation Remains Steady at 2.38% in February

India’s wholesale inflation rate witnessed a slight increase in February 2024, settling at 2.38%, as per data released by the Ministry of Commerce on Monday. This figure is marginally higher than January’s wholesale inflation rate of 2.31%. The rise in manufactured food products, textiles, and non-food articles contributed to the inflationary pressure. However, a decline in the Food Index brought some relief.

Understanding Wholesale Inflation and WPI

Wholesale inflation is measured using the Wholesale Price Index (WPI), which tracks the price movement of goods at the wholesale level before they reach consumers. Unlike Consumer Price Index (CPI)-based inflation, which reflects retail prices, WPI captures inflation trends in the manufacturing and wholesale sector.

The WPI is crucial for policymakers, businesses, and analysts as it provides insights into cost pressures within industries and serves as a leading indicator for future retail inflation.

February Inflation Data: Key Highlights

Inflation Rate: Wholesale inflation stood at 2.38% in February, up from 2.31% in January.
Major Contributors: The inflation increase was driven by manufactured food products, food articles, textiles, non-food articles, and other manufacturing categories.
Food Index Decline: The Food Index, which includes primary food articles and manufactured food products, declined from 7.47% in January to 5.94% in February, providing relief in food price pressures.
Positive Inflation Trend: WPI-based inflation has remained in positive territory for over a year, indicating steady demand and supply trends in the economy.
Historical Trends: WPI inflation was in double digits for 18 consecutive months until September 2022, after which it declined. It briefly turned negative in April 2023 and had also gone negative in July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors Influencing Wholesale Inflation in February

1. Rising Prices in Key Sectors

The inflation rate was influenced by an increase in the prices of:

Manufactured Food Products: Processed food items saw a price rise due to higher raw material costs and supply chain disruptions.
Primary Food Articles: While the overall Food Index declined, certain commodities, such as cereals and pulses, still experienced price increases.
Textiles: The textile industry saw a rise in input costs, contributing to inflation.
Non-Food Articles: Raw materials for industries, such as cotton, oilseeds, and rubber, witnessed price fluctuations.

2. Decline in Food Inflation

Despite inflationary pressures in certain categories, food price inflation eased in February. Vegetables, fruits, edible oils, and fats saw some price correction, bringing down the overall Food Index from 7.47% to 5.94%.

3. Impact of Monetary Policy

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) plays a crucial role in controlling inflation through monetary policy tools.

The repo rate (the interest rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks) had been held at 6.5% for nearly five years to curb inflation.
Recently, RBI reduced the repo rate by 25 basis points, aiming to boost economic growth and support consumption.
This policy adjustment could influence future inflation trends, affecting wholesale and retail price levels.

Impact on the Economy

1. Manufacturing and Business Sector

A moderate increase in WPI inflation is generally considered beneficial, as it signals demand growth and encourages manufacturers to increase production.
However, higher input costs for businesses may reduce profit margins, leading to potential price hikes for consumers.

2. Consumer Prices and Retail Inflation

A decline in wholesale food inflation may eventually translate into lower retail food prices, benefiting consumers.
However, persistent inflation in manufacturing sectors could keep consumer goods prices elevated.

3. Government Policies and Economic Stability

The government publishes WPI inflation data monthly, typically on the 14th or the next working day, based on data from institutional sources and selected manufacturing units.
Policymakers closely monitor wholesale inflation trends to take appropriate measures for economic stability.

Summary Table: India’s Wholesale Inflation in February 2024

Category	Details
Why in News?	India’s WPI inflation rose slightly to 2.38% in February 2024, up from 2.31% in January.
Key Contributors	Higher prices of manufactured food products, textiles, and non-food articles.
Food Index Trend	Declined from 7.47% in January to 5.94% in February, easing food price pressures.
WPI Historical Trend	Double-digit inflation for 18 months until September 2022; turned negative in April 2023.
RBI’s Monetary Policy	Repo rate reduced by 25 basis points to support growth and consumption.
Impact on Economy	Encourages manufacturing production but may increase consumer prices.
Government Measures	Monthly publication of WPI inflation data to guide economic policies.