February 2025 Special Days: List of National & International Important Days

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February 2025 Special Days: List of National & International Important Days

February, the second month of the year, is a month filled with important days that highlight various global issues and celebrations. From raising awareness about environmental conservation to promoting love and social justice, each day in February has its own significance. These observances remind us of the importance of unity, health and education. Let’s took a look at some of the key dates to remember in February 2025.

February Special Days 2025

February is a month filled with celebrations and important observances in India and globally. It marks the end of winter, and many festivals are celebrated throughout the country. February also highlights several national and international events that raise awareness about key issues like health, the environment and social causes. These days help educate people about their significance, encouraging reflection and action. For those preparing for competitive exams like Banking and SSC, knowing these important days can be useful for general awareness.

List of Special Days in February 2025

February 2025 is a month full of important days that highlight key issues, festivals and celebrations. These days focus on raising awareness about health, the environment and social causes, making it a meaningful month for reflection and action.

Here is the list of important days in February 2025:

Date	Special Days
1 February	Union Budget
2 February	World Wetlands Day
2 February to 8 February	International Development Week
3 February	Vasant Panchami
4 February	World Cancer Day
6 February	International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation
7 February	Surajkund Crafts Mela
10 February	International Day of the Arabian Leopard
	World Pulses Day
	International Epilepsy Day
11 February	Anti-Smuggling Day 2025
11 February	International Day of Women and Girls in Science
12 February	Magha Purnima 2025
	International Day for the Prevention of Violent Extremism as and When Conducive to Terrorism 2025
	Guru Ravidas Jayanti 2025
13 February	World Radio Day
	Sarojini Naidu Birth Anniversary
15 February	International Childhood Cancer Day
15 February	World Pangolin Day
17 February to 27 February	Taj Mahostsav
19 February to 9 March	ICC Champions Trophy
20 February	Arunachal Pradesh Foundation Day
	World Anthropology Day
	Mizoram Foundation Day
	World Day of Social Justice
21 February	International Mother Language Day
22 February	World Thinking Day
23 February	World Peace and Understanding Day
24 February	Central Excise Day
26 February	Mahashivratri
26 February	Veer Savarkar’s Death Anniversary
27 February	World NGO Day
28 February	National Science Day
	Rare Disease Day
	Ramadan

Important Days in February 2025 in Brief

February 2025 will be filled with important days that celebrate culture, history and awareness. These days highlight key events and causes, offering opportunities for reflection and action. Let’s explore some of the significant days in February 2025.

February 1, 2025 – Union Budget

Every year on February 1, the Finance Minister presents India’s Union Budget. This budget includes government plans for revenue and spending in the next year. It’s an important event that shapes economic policies and sets priorities for different sectors and development.

1 February, 2025 – India Coast Guard Day

Indian Coast Guard Day is celebrated on February 1 every year. It marks the foundation of the Indian Coast Guard. The Coast Guard plays a vital role in protecting India’s coasts, enforcing maritime rules and ensuring safety in Indian waters.

2 February 2025 – World Wetlands Day

World Wetlands Day is observed on February 2 to raise awareness about wetlands and their importance. It marks the adoption of the Ramsar Convention on February 2, 1971, which focuses on the conservation of wetlands around the world.

2 February 2025 – RA Awareness Day

RA Awareness Day is observed on February 2 to raise awareness about rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It helps understand the causes, symptoms and ways to manage this disease, which affects joints and causes pain and inflammation.

2 February to 8 February 2025 – International Development Week

International Development Week is celebrated from February 2 to 8. It aims to raise awareness about the importance of international development and the different career paths in this field. This year marks its 35th anniversary in Canada.

3 February 2025 – National Golden Retriever Day

National Golden Retriever Day is celebrated on February 3. It honors the Golden Retriever breed, known for its friendly, intelligent and playful nature. They make great pets and are loved for their loyal companionship.

3 February 2025- Vasant Panchami

Vasant Panchami, also known as Saraswati Puja, is celebrated on February 3. It marks the arrival of spring and honors Goddess Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, wisdom and arts The festival is celebrated differently across regions in India.

4 February 2025 – World Cancer Day

World Cancer Day is observed on February 4 to spread awareness about cancer prevention, treatment and research. It encourages people to take action against cancer and shows solidarity with those affected by it. The theme focuses on personal commitment to the fight.

4 February 2025 – National Day of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka celebrates its National Day on February 4, marking its independence from British rule in 1948. This day honors the country’s sovereignty and is a reminder of its history and independence.

5 February 2025 – Delhi Legislative Elections

Delhi Legislative Elections are held on February 5, determining the composition of the Delhi Legislative Assembly. The results of these elections play a key role in shaping the governance and policies of India’s capital.

6 February 2025 – International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation

On February 6, the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is observed. The day aims to raise awareness about the harmful effects of female genital mutilation and the need to prevent this practice worldwide.

7 February to 14 February 2025 – Valentine’s Week

Valentine’s Week is celebrated from 7 to 14, leading up to Valentine’s Day on February 14. Each day is dedicated to celebrating love, friendship and relationships through different gestures and acts of affection.

7 February 2025 – Surajkund Crafts Mela

Surajkund Crafts Mela, held from February 7 to 23 in Haryana, celebrates India’s rich cultural heritage. It features handicrafts, handlooms and local traditions from various parts of the country, attracting visitors from all over India and abroad.

8 February 2025 – National Opera Day

National Opera Day is celebrated on February 8 to honor opera, an art from combining music, singing, acting and dance. The day highlights the cultural significant of opera and its impact on the performing arts.

9 February 2025 – Baba Amte’s Death Anniversary

Baba Amte’s Death Anniversary is observed on February 9 to remember his contributions as a social worker. Known for his work with leprosy patients, he dedicated his life to the welfare of marginalized communities in India.

10 February 2025 – National Deworming Day

National Deworming Day is observed on February 10 in India to ensure that every child is free from worms. The government organizes mass deworming drives to protect children from health issues caused by intestinal worms.

February 10 – World Pulses Day

World Pulses Day, observed on February 10, raises awareness about the nutritional and environmental benefits of pulses. Pulses are important for sustainable food production and contribute to food security and better health.

10 February 2025 – International Epilepsy Day

International Epilepsy Day is observed on February 10. It aims to raise awareness about epilepsy, highlight its challenge, and emphasize the importance of improved care, treatment and research for better quality of life for those affected.

11 February 2025 – World Day of the Sick

World Day of the Sick is observed on February 11. It encourages people to pray and offer support for those suffering from illness. The day was introduced by Pope John Paul II to promote compassion and care for the sick.

11 February 2025 – International Day of Women and Girls in Science

International Day of Women and Girls in Science on February 11. It honors the contributions of women and girls in science and aims to achieve gender equality in the field of scientific research and education.

11 February 2025 – Safer Internet Day

Safer Internet Day, observed on February 11, encourages people to use the internet safely. The day promotes online security, particularly for children and young people, by raising awareness about online risks and how to avoid them.

12 February 2025 – Darwin Day

Darwin Day, celebrated on February 12, commemorates the birth of Charles Darwin, the father of evolutionary biology. The day honors his contributions to science, especially the theory of natural selection and the study of evolution.

12 February 2025 – Abraham Lincoln’s Birthday

Abraham Lincoln’s Birthday is observed on February 12 to honor the birth of the 16th president of the United States. Lincoln is known for his leadership during the Civil War and his role in abolishing slavery.

12 February 2025 – National Productivity Day

National Productivity Day is observed on February 12 in India. It aims to promote a culture of productivity and efficiency in all sectors by encouraging individuals and organizations to improve their performance and achieve higher output.

13 February 2025 – World Radio Day

World Radio Day, celebrated on February 13, raises awareness about the importance of radio. Radio is a powerful medium for information, education, and entertainment, especially in rural areas, and it plays a key role in global communication.

13 February 2025 – Sarojini Naidu Birth Anniversary

Sarojini Naidu’s birth anniversary is celebrated on February 13. She was a famous poet, freedom fighter, and the first woman president of the Indian National Congress. Naidu is remembered for her significant contributions to Indian literature and politics.

14 February 2025 – Saint Valentine’s Day

Valentine’s Day, celebrated on February 14, honors Saint Valentine and the idea of love. People express their feelings by sending gifts, cards, and flowers to their loved ones, making it a day of affection and celebration of relationships.

14 February 2025 – World Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Day

World Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Day, observed on February 14, raises awareness about congenital heart defects, which affect many newborns. The day aims to educate the public on the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

17 February to 27 February 2025 – Taj Mahotsav

Taj Mahotsav, celebrated from February 17 to 27, is an annual festival held in Agra to showcase India’s rich cultural heritage. It features music, dance, crafts, and delicious food, celebrating the cultural diversity and craftsmanship of India.

19 February to 9 March 2025 – ICC Champions Trophy

The ICC Champions Trophy, scheduled from February 19 to March 9, brings together top cricketing nations for a competitive tournament. It features exciting limited-overs cricket with world-class teams battling for the championship.

20 February 2025 – Arunachal Pradesh Foundation Day

Arunachal Pradesh Foundation Day, observed on February 20, celebrates the state’s status as a Union Territory in 1972. It marks its journey toward becoming a full-fledged state and recognizes its cultural and historical significance.

20 February 2025 – World Anthropology Day

World Anthropology Day is observed on February 20 to celebrate the field of anthropology, which studies human societies and cultures. It highlights the importance of understanding human diversity and promotes education in anthropology.

20 February 2025 – Mizoram Foundation Day

Mizoram Foundation Day, celebrated on February 20, marks the day Mizoram became the 23rd state of India in 1987. The day celebrates the state’s culture, history, and achievements since it became part of India.

20 February 2025 – World Day of Social Justice

World Day of Social Justice, observed on February 20, promotes social justice by addressing issues like poverty, exclusion, and unemployment. It encourages people to support efforts for full employment, equality, and social integration worldwide.

21 February 2025 – International Mother Language Day

International Mother Language Day, observed on February 21, celebrates linguistic and cultural diversity. It raises awareness about the importance of preserving and promoting mother languages to protect cultural heritage and ensure communication.

22 February 2025 – World Thinking Day

World Thinking Day is observed on February 22 by Girls Scouts and Guides worldwide. It is a day of reflection and global solidarity, where they focus on issues related to the world and the global community, encouraging mutual understanding.

23 February 2025 – World Peace and Understanding Day

World Peace and Understanding Day, celebrated on February 23, commemorates Rotary International’s founding. It promotes global peace and understanding by encouraging people from different backgrounds to collaborate and built peaceful communities.

24 February 2025 – Central Excise Day

Central Excise Day, observed on February 24, honors the excise department’s role in collecting taxes on manufactured goods. The day encourages excise employees to carry out their duties with integrity and improve the nation’s economic system.

26 February 2025 – Mahashivratri

Mahashivratri, celebrated on February 26, honors Lord Shiva. It’s a major Hindu festival marked by fasting, prayers, and rituals. Devotees seek blessings from Lord Shiva and celebrate his significance in the Hindu religion.

27 February 2025 – World NGO Day

World NGO Day, celebrated on February 27, honors non-governmental and non-profit organizations and the people who work behind them. It recognizes their contributions to society and the positive impact they create in various fields like education, health, and environment.

28 February 2025 – National Science Day

National Science Day is celebrated on February 28 in India to honor the discovery of the Raman Effect by physicist Sir C.V. Raman in 1928. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this groundbreaking discovery that advanced the field of light scattering.

28 February 2025 – Rare Disease Day

Rare Disease Day, observed on February 28, raises awareness about rare diseases. It highlights the challenges faced by those living with rare conditions, their families, and caregivers, aiming to bring attention to their needs and encourage medical advancements.

28 February 2025 – Ramadan

Ramadan, starting on February 28 this year, is a month-long period of fasting observed by Muslims worldwide. It promotes spiritual growth, self-discipline, and compassion by encouraging people to fast from dawn to sunset, focusing on empathy, reflection, and devotion.

From Which Glacier is Alaknanda River Originate?

The Alaknanda River is a major tributary of the Ganga River, flowing through Uttarakhand. It passes through several scenic and religious locations, including Badrinath. The river forms confluences with other rivers at places like Vishnuprayag, Karnaprayag and Devprayag. Known for its natural beauty and spiritual importance, the Alaknanda eventually merges with the Bhagirathi River to form the the holy Ganga River.

Origin of Alaknanda River

The Alaknanda River originates from the Satopanth Glacier and Bhagirath Kharak Glacier in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India. These glaciers are located in the Himalayas region and their melting ice forms the source of the Alaknanda River.

Course of the Alaknanda River

The river begins at the confluence of the Satopanth and Bhagirath Kharak glaciers. It flows towards the village of Mana, where it meets the Saraswati River, a right-bank tributary. The river continues its journey through narrow valleys and reaches Badrinath, a famous pilgrimage site.

The Alaknanda flows through several important towns and confluences, including:

Hanumanchatti: It meets the Ghrit Ganga River.
Vishnuprayag: It merges with the Dhauliganga River.
Nandprayag: It meets the Nandakini River.
Karnaprayag: It joins the Pindar River.
Rudraprayag: It merges with the Mandakini River.
Devprayag: It converges with the Bhagirathi River and officially becomes the Ganges River.

The Alaknanda plays a major role in the formation of the Ganges, contributing a larger water flow compared to the Bhagirathi River.

Religious Significance of Alaknanda River

The Alaknanda River holds a sacred place in Hinduism. It is often considered synonymous with the Ganges River in ancient texts. According to the Vishnu Purana, the Ganges divides into four rivers, one of which is the Alaknanda, flowing south into India.

Five important confluences along the Alaknanda, called Prayags, are holy pilgrimage sites. These are:

Vishnuprayag
Nandprayag
Karnaprayag
Rudraprayag
Devprayag

The river also flows through famous religious sites such as Badrinath and Joshimath, making it spiritually significant.

Recreation and Adventure

The Alaknanda River is popular for river rafting due to its strong currents and challenging rapids. Rafting enthusiasts from all over the country visit this region for adventure sports.

Dams and Hydroelectric Projects

The Alaknanda River and its tributaries are used for hydroelectric power generation. There are 37 dams, either operational, under construction or planned, along the river. Some major projects include:

Vishnuprayag Dam
Srinagar Dam
Tapovan Vishnugad Dam
Koti Bhel II Dam

Additionally, there are 23 proposed hydroelectric projects in the Alaknanda basin, including:

Bagoli Dam
Devsari Dam
Utyasu Dam
Vishnugad Pipalkoti Dam

SBI PO GA Capsule 2025 – Free PDF Download for Mains Exam Preparation

The SBI PO Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation. To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI PO Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI PO Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI PO Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI PO Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI PO Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI PO General Awareness PDF: Click Here

Share Your Feedback: Click Here

Topics Covered in the SBI PO Mains GA Capsule 2025

UNION BUDGET 2025-26
Economic Survey 2024-25
Padma Awards
Republic Day Parade 2025
RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
Golden Globe Awards
8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI PO is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.

Centre Notifies 24% Hike in Salaries and Pensions for MPs

The Central Government on March 24, 2025, officially notified a 24% increase in the salaries of Members of Parliament (MPs), with the revised pay structure coming into effect from April 1, 2023. This marks the first revision since April 2018 and has been implemented under the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act in accordance with the Cost Inflation Index outlined in the Income Tax Act of 1961.

Key Highlights of the Salary Hike

Revised Salaries for Sitting MPs

The monthly salary of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha MPs has been increased from ₹1 lakh to ₹1.24 lakh, a 24% hike.
The daily allowance has been raised from ₹2,000 to ₹2,500.

Pension Hike for Former MPs

The pension for former MPs has been increased from ₹25,000 to ₹31,000 per month.
The additional pension for each year of service beyond five years has been raised from ₹2,000 to ₹2,500 per month.

Government Justification for the Salary Hike

The Parliamentary Affairs Ministry emphasized that the increase aligns with the Cost Inflation Index (CII), ensuring that MPs’ earnings reflect rising inflation rates. The revision aims to offset increased living costs and provide financial stability to MPs and former legislators.

Previous Salary Revisions

The last salary revision occurred in April 2018, when the base pay was set at ₹1 lakh per month. Since then, no significant changes had been made, prompting the government to revise salaries and pensions after six years.

Other Benefits Provided to MPs

Housing & Accommodation: MPs receive rent-free housing in New Delhi during their tenure. The allocation is based on seniority and can include hostel rooms, apartments, or bungalows.
Housing Allowance: MPs who choose not to avail official accommodation are entitled to a monthly housing allowance.
Travel & Constituency Allowance: Apart from the salary, MPs receive additional allowances for official travel and constituency-related expenses.

Summary of the News

Category	Previous Amount (₹)	Revised Amount (₹)	Increase (%)
MPs’ Monthly Salary	1,00,000	1,24,000	24%
Daily Allowance	2,000	2,500	25%
Former MPs’ Pension	25,000	31,000	24%
Additional Pension per Year Beyond Five Years	2,000	2,500	25%
Last Salary Revision	April 2018	–	–

This 24% salary hike aims to compensate for inflation and ensure that MPs can effectively perform their duties with financial security. The revision also provides better financial support for former MPs, acknowledging their contribution to the Indian legislative system.

Who Painted the Starry Nights? Know the Name

The Starry Nigh is one of the most famous paintings in the world, known for its beautiful night sky filled with swirling stars. Created in the late 19th century, this artwork reflects deep emotions and imagination. Painted by a talented artist, it has become a symbol of creativity and passion. Today, it is admired by millions and displayed in a major art museum.

Who Painted the Starry Nights?

The Starry Night is a famous painting created by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh in 1889. It is an oil painting on canvas and is known for its swirling night sky, bright stars and a peaceful village below. Today, this masterpiece is one of the most famous paintings in the world and is displayed at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City.

Appearance of The Starry Nights Painting

The painting shows a night sky filled with swirling blue patterns, bright yellow stars and a glowing crescent moon. In the foreground, tall cypress trees stand like flames, reaching towards the sky. Below the sky, there is a small village with houses, and a church with a tall steeple. The warm yellow lights in the houses give a feeling of calmness, contrasting with the moving sky.

When and Where It was Painted?

Van Gogh painted The Starry Nights in 1889 while staying at the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole asylum near Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France. He had been admitted to the asylum after a mental breakdown during which he cut off part of his own ear.

Why Did Van Gogh Paint The Starry Nights?

At the asylum, Van Gogh was unable to go outside freely, so he painted what he could see from his bedroom window. He often painted the surrounding countryside during the day, but he was also fascinated by the night sky. Since he was not allowed to paint in his room at night, he painted The Starry Night from memory and imagination.

Legacy of Painting of Van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh died in 1980, just a year after completing The Starry Night. He only painted for about 10 years but left behind over 800 paintings and hundreds of drawings. When The Starry Night was bought by the Museum of Modern Art in 1941, it was not very well known. However, over time, it became one of the most admired and recognized paintings in the world.

ASI’s Discoveries: Megaliths in Kerala & Buddhist Finds in Odisha

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has made significant discoveries at two different locations in India, shedding light on ancient burial practices and Buddhist heritage. In a recent exploration near Malampuzha Dam in Palakkad, Kerala, ASI stumbled upon over 110 megalithic burial sites, marking an important find for understanding the region’s early Iron Age society. Simultaneously, excavations in Ratnagiri, Odisha, have unveiled a treasure trove of Buddhist antiquities, offering crucial insights into the spread of Vajrayana Buddhism and its connections with Southeast Asia.

Discovery of Over 100 Megaliths Near Malampuzha Dam

The Exploration and Findings

A team from ASI, while surveying the Malampuzha region in Palakkad, Kerala, discovered a cluster of over 110 megalithic structures spread across approximately 45 hectares of land. The site, consisting of island-like mounds, is considered one of the largest megalithic burial grounds ever found in Kerala.

Understanding Megalithic Structures

Megaliths are large stone structures that were built primarily for burial purposes, usually using rough stones without any binding material like cement or mortar. These burial sites were commonly seen during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages and are significant in understanding early human settlements and their belief systems.

Types of Megalithic Burials Found

ASI officials confirmed that the discovered burials belong to different categories, including:

Cist Graves – Small coffin-like stone boxes used for burial.
Stone Circles – Circular arrangements of large stones marking the burial sites.
Urns – Large pots used to contain cremated remains.
Dolmens – Table-like stone structures with massive slabs.
Dolmenoid Cists – A variation of dolmens with enclosed chambers.

The burial sites primarily consist of granite slabs and boulders, with some structures incorporating laterite stones as well.

Significance of the Discovery

The massive concentration of megalithic burials in this region is expected to provide new insights into the Iron Age societies of Kerala, their burial customs, and their religious beliefs. The discovery aligns with other notable megalithic sites in South India, such as Brahmagiri in Karnataka and Adichanallur in Tamil Nadu.

Ratnagiri Excavations: A Glimpse into Ancient Buddhist Heritage

Unveiling of Buddhist Antiquities

Alongside the discoveries in Kerala, ASI is conducting ongoing excavations at Ratnagiri in Odisha, approximately 100 km from Bhubaneswar. This site is known for its historical significance in Buddhist art and architecture.

Key Discoveries at Ratnagiri

The excavation has unearthed a variety of architectural and artistic relics, including:

Ancient Shrines – Evidence of early Buddhist worship centers.
Series of Votive Stupas – Small stupas built as devotional offerings.
A Brick Stupa with a Unique Crisscross Design – A significant addition to Buddhist architectural findings.
A Rectangular Chaitya Complex – An elaborate structure built with intricate brick and stone masonry.
Three Colossal Buddha Heads – Large statues representing Buddhist ideals.
Monolithic Votive Stupas – Stone-carved stupas featuring Buddhist deities such as Tara, Chunda, Manjusri, and Dhyani Buddha.
Sanskrit Inscriptions – Engraved on sealings and sculptures, offering valuable historical evidence.
Rich Pottery Assemblage – Dominated by greyware, which adds further depth to the site’s cultural and artistic traditions.

Significance of the Ratnagiri Excavation

The Buddhist structures found at Ratnagiri highlight a crucial period of transition from Mahayana to Vajrayana Buddhism, providing insights into the spread of Vajrayana traditions from Eastern India to Southeast Asia. The presence of hundreds of votive stupas suggests that Ratnagiri was a major center of Buddhist learning and pilgrimage during the early medieval period.

Summary of ASI Discoveries in Kerala and Odisha

Category	Details
Why in News?	The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has made significant discoveries at two locations—over 110 megalithic burial sites in Kerala and Buddhist antiquities in Odisha, shedding light on ancient burial practices and Buddhist heritage.
Location 1	Malampuzha, Palakkad, Kerala
Discovery	Over 110 megalithic burial sites spread across 45 hectares.
Types of Burials Found	– Cist Graves (stone box burials) – Stone Circles (circular arrangements of stones) – Urns (used for cremated remains) – Dolmens (table-like stone structures) – Dolmenoid Cists (chambered dolmens)
Significance	Provides insights into the Iron Age society of Kerala, their burial customs, and religious beliefs. Aligns with other South Indian megalithic sites like Brahmagiri (Karnataka) and Adichanallur (Tamil Nadu).
Location 2	Ratnagiri, Odisha
Discovery	Excavation of Buddhist antiquities, showcasing Vajrayana Buddhism’s influence.
Key Findings	– Ancient Shrines – Votive Stupas (devotional stupas) – Brick Stupa with unique crisscross design – Rectangular Chaitya Complex – Three Colossal Buddha Heads – Monolithic Votive Stupas (with Buddhist deities) – Sanskrit Inscriptions (on sealings & sculptures) – Rich Pottery Assemblage (dominantly greyware)
Significance	Highlights the transition from Mahayana to Vajrayana Buddhism, indicating Ratnagiri’s role as a major Buddhist learning and pilgrimage center during the early medieval period. Links to Vajrayana Buddhism’s spread to Southeast Asia.

Delhi Budget 2025-26: Rekha Gupta Unveils Rs 1 Lakh Crore Budget with Focus on Infrastructure, Welfare & Economic Growth

Delhi Chief Minister and Finance Minister Rekha Gupta presented the Delhi Budget 2025-26, with a record allocation of Rs 1 lakh crore. The budget emphasizes infrastructure development, social welfare, healthcare, education, and economic growth. It marks a 31.5% increase from the previous year’s budget and aims to bring transparency, efficiency, and rapid development to the capital.

Introduction: A Historic Budget for Delhi

Rekha Gupta described this as a “historic Budget”, aiming to accelerate Delhi’s transformation through increased capital expenditure and public welfare schemes. She criticized the past administration for corruption and mismanagement and vowed to implement projects with efficiency.

The budget sees a major boost in capital expenditure, with an allocation of Rs 28,000 crore, double the previous year’s spending, focusing on roads, water supply, and sewer systems.

Key Focus Areas of Delhi Budget 2025-26

1. Infrastructure Development & Urban Planning

Rs 28,000 crore for infrastructure projects, doubling last year’s investment.
Roads, sewer systems, and clean water supply to be prioritized.
Rs 500 crore for the repair and upgradation of sewage treatment plants (STPs).
Rs 250 crore for replacing old sewer lines.
Rs 100 crore for a pilot project to remove overhead electrical lines and shift high-tension power lines underground.

2. Transport Connectivity & Public Services

Rs 12,952 crore allocated for transport development.
Rs 1,000 crore to enhance Delhi-NCR transport connectivity.
Replacement of pink tickets for free bus rides for women with smart cards to prevent misuse.

3. Social Welfare Initiatives

Rs 5,100 crore allocated for monthly financial aid of Rs 2,500 to eligible women.
Free laptops for 1,200 Class X students, with an allocation of Rs 750 crore.
Establishment of modern cow shelters in Ghummanhera at a cost of Rs 40 crore.

4. Healthcare & Sanitation

Rs 2,144 crore for Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) to improve medical services.
Rs 9,000 crore for clean drinking water and sanitation services.

5. Education & Skill Development

Launch of new CM Shri Schools with Rs 100 crore allocated.
Free laptops for meritorious students passing Class X.

6. Economic Growth & Business Support

Formation of a “Traders’ Welfare Board” to support businesses and traders.
‘Global Investment Summit’ to be held every two years to attract investors.

7. Environmental & Pollution Control Measures

Rs 300 crore to tackle pollution control.
Rs 506 crore for the environment and forest department.

8. Municipal Corporation Support

Rs 6,897 crore allocated to the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) for urban development.

9. Cultural & Tourism Promotion

Hosting of ‘International Film Festival’ with Rs 30 crore allocated.

Summary of Delhi Budget 2025-26

Category	Allocation (in Crores)	Key Focus
Total Budget	Rs 1 lakh crore	Historic budget with a 31.5% increase
Capital Expenditure	Rs 28,000	Infrastructure, roads, sewer systems, clean water
Transport Development	Rs 12,952	Metro, bus services, NCR connectivity
Women Welfare	Rs 5,100	Rs 2,500 monthly aid to eligible women
Healthcare (PMJAY)	Rs 2,144	Improving medical services in Delhi
Education	Rs 100	New CM Shri Schools, free laptops to students
Sanitation & Clean Water	Rs 9,000	Improving drinking water supply and sewer systems
Traders’ Welfare	–	Formation of Traders’ Welfare Board
Sewage Treatment	Rs 500	Upgradation of STPs
Pollution Control	Rs 300	Reducing air and water pollution
Environment & Forest	Rs 506	Tree plantation, conservation projects
Smart Electricity Lines	Rs 100	Removing overhead electric cables
Municipal Corporation	Rs 6,897	Urban development initiatives
Film Festival	Rs 30	Promoting culture and tourism
Cow Shelters	Rs 40	Establishing modern shelters in Ghummanhera

Which City of France is Known as the Fashion Capital of the World?

Fashion is an important part of culture and lifestyle. Many cities around the world are known for their unique styles, but one city stands out as the global leader in fashion. This city is famous for its luxury brands, top designers and stylish trends. It hosts major fashion events and influences the way people dress worldwide. Let’s explore which city holds the title of the Fashion Capital of the World.

An Overview of France

France is a country mainly in Western Europe, with overseas regions in South America, the Caribbean Sea and the Indian and Pacific Ocean. It shares borders with countries like Belgium, Germany, Italy and Spain. France has a diverse landscape, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. It covers 632,702 square kilometers and has a population of about 68.6 million people. Paris, its capital, is the cultural and economic center.

Fashion Capital of the World

Paris is known as the fashion capital of France and the world. It has a rich history in fashion, famous brands like Chanel and Dior, and hosts Paris Fashion Week. With luxury boutiques and elegant styles, Paris remains the top city for fashion lovers worldwide.

Why is Paris Known as the Fashion Capital of the World?

Paris is known as fashion capital of the world because of its rich history, famous designers and luxury brands and global influence through events like Paris Fashion Week. Here are the reasons why Paris earned the title of “Fashion Capital of the World”:

Historical Significance

Paris has been a center for fashion since the 17th and 18th centuries. During the time of King Louis XIV, the city becomes famous for elegant clothing and trends.

Birthplace of Haute Couture

Paris is the birthplace of haute couture (high fashion), Famous designers like Dior, Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent and Givenchy started their brands here.

Paris Fashion Weeks

The city hosts the world-famous Paris Fashion Week, where top designers showcase their latest trends. It attracts models, celebrities and fashion lovers from all over the world.

Luxury and Style

Paris is home to luxury boutiques and high-end shopping streets like Champs-Elysees. The city’s stylish culture makes it a dream destination for fashion enthusiasts.

Cultural Influence

The city’s beautiful architectural art, and elegance inspire fashion trends. Paris continues to lead the world in style and creativity.

An Overview of Paris

Paris, the capital and largest city of France, is known for its art, culture, fashion and food. Located on the Seine River in northern France, it is famous for landmarks like the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame. Often called the “City of Light,” Paris attracts millions of visitors with its charming streets, museums and romantic atmosphere.

India’s GDP Doubles in a Decade: A Remarkable Economic Milestone

India has achieved a historic economic milestone by doubling its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from $2.1 trillion in 2015 to $4.3 trillion in 2025, marking a 105% increase. This extraordinary growth rate is the fastest among major global economies. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has reported that India’s inflation-adjusted GDP growth over the decade stands at 77%, making it one of the world’s most rapidly expanding economies. With this achievement, India is set to surpass Japan in 2025 and may overtake Germany by 2027, further strengthening its global economic standing.

India’s Economic Surge: A Decade of Unprecedented Growth

India’s GDP Growth: A Statistical Overview

India’s economic transformation over the last decade has been phenomenal. From a GDP of $2.1 trillion in 2015, the nation has now doubled its economy to $4.3 trillion in 2025, marking an absolute increase of $2.2 trillion. According to the IMF, the inflation-adjusted growth rate stands at 77%, reflecting the strength of India’s economic policies and structural reforms.

This accelerated growth has propelled India into the top five global economies, and it is on track to overtake Japan by 2025 and Germany by 2027, potentially positioning itself as the world’s third-largest economy.

Key Factors Behind India’s Rapid Economic Expansion

1. Leadership and Policy Reforms

BJP leader Amit Malviya has credited Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s decisive leadership for India’s economic progress. The Modi government has introduced proactive economic policies, bold structural reforms, and a sustained focus on the ease of doing business, significantly enhancing India’s investment climate.

2. Major Economic Reforms Driving Growth

Several key economic reforms have played a crucial role in India’s GDP expansion:

Goods and Services Tax (GST) Implementation: Unified the taxation system, boosting trade efficiency.
Make in India Initiative: Strengthened manufacturing and foreign investments.
Infrastructure Development: Massive investments in roads, highways, railways, and digital connectivity.
Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes: Encouraged domestic manufacturing and exports.
Startup and Digital Economy Growth: A surge in fintech, IT, and startup sectors contributed significantly to GDP growth.

India’s Position Among Global Economies

Comparison with Other Major Economies

While India has recorded an impressive 105% nominal GDP growth, other major global economies have witnessed slower growth rates.

China: Registered 74% growth, increasing from $11.2 trillion in 2015 to $19.5 trillion in 2025. However, China’s growth has been impacted by the property sector crisis and post-pandemic economic slowdown.
United States: Maintained its status as the world’s largest economy, expanding from $23.7 trillion in 2015 to $30.3 trillion in 2025, a 28% increase.
Germany, UK, France, Japan: Recorded moderate GDP growth between 6% and 14% over the decade.
Brazil: Posted the lowest GDP growth among the top 10 economies, increasing only 8% from $2.1 trillion to $2.3 trillion due to economic challenges and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Economic Implications of India’s Growth

1. India’s Growing Influence in Global Trade

With its economy expanding at an unprecedented pace, India is set to become a dominant player in global trade and commerce. Increased industrial output, enhanced exports, and a strong digital economy contribute to India’s rising global economic influence.

2. Investment and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows

India’s economic policies have made it one of the most attractive destinations for foreign investment. The country has witnessed record-high FDI inflows, particularly in technology, manufacturing, and renewable energy sectors.

3. Job Creation and Income Growth

India’s rapid economic growth has resulted in significant job creation, particularly in the technology, service, and industrial sectors. Higher incomes and increased consumption are driving the domestic economy.

4. Challenges Ahead

Despite the impressive growth, India faces challenges such as income disparity, inflation control, and maintaining fiscal discipline. Addressing these issues will be crucial to sustaining long-term economic expansion.

Summary of India’s Economic Milestone

Aspect	Details
Why in News?	India’s GDP doubled from $2.1 trillion in 2015 to $4.3 trillion in 2025 (105% growth).
Inflation-Adjusted Growth	77% as per IMF estimates.
India’s Global Ranking	Set to surpass Japan in 2025 and Germany by 2027.
Major Economic Reforms	GST, PLI Schemes, Make in India, Infrastructure Boost, Digital Growth.
China’s GDP Growth	74% (from $11.2T in 2015 to $19.5T in 2025).
US GDP Growth	28% (from $23.7T in 2015 to $30.3T in 2025).
Other Major Economies	Germany, UK, France, and Japan saw 6%-14% growth.
Brazil’s GDP Growth	8% (from $2.1T to $2.3T).
Key Growth Drivers	Economic reforms, infrastructure, manufacturing, digital economy.
Challenges Ahead	Income disparity, inflation, fiscal discipline.

What is the State Bird of Andhra Pradesh?

Andhra Pradesh is a beautiful state in southern India, known for its rich culture, history and diverse wildlife. Like every Indian state, it has an official state bird that represents its natural beauty. This bird is famous for its bright colors and graceful flight. It is often seen in forests, open fields and farmlands. Let’s learn more about this special bird and why is it important.

An Overview of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh is a large state in southeastern India, known for its culture, landscapes and industries. It is the 7th largest state, with Amravati as its capital and Visakhapatnam as the biggest city. It lies along the Bay of Bengal and shares borders with Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The state has a rich history, fertile lands and a strong economy.

State Bird of Andhra Pradesh

The state bird of Andhra Pradesh is the rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula Krameri). This beautiful parrot is also called the ring-necked parakeet or the Indian ringneck parrot. It is medium-sized bird known for its green feathers, red beak and long tail. The male bird has a black and pink ring around its neck, while females and young birds do not have a clear ring.

Where is the Rose-Ringed Parakeet Found?

The Rose-Ringed parakeet is found in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. It has also spread to many other countries due to the pet trade. It can survive in different climates, including cold places like Northern Europe. In India, it is commonly seen in cities, forests and even farmlands.

Why is it the State Bird of Andhra Pradesh?

The rose-ringed parakeet is chosen as the state bird of Andhra Pradesh because:

It is common in the state.
It adapts well to different environments.
It has cultural importance in India and is often seen in art and religious sites.

Threats to the Rose-Ringed Parakeet

Although the bird is not endangered, some threats include:

Loss of trees due to urbanization.
Captured for the pet trade.
Considered a pest by farmers because it eats crops.

Uttarakhand Government Plans Ganga and Sharda River Corridors to Boost Religious Tourism

Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami has announced the development of corridors along the sacred Ganga and Sharda rivers to enhance religious tourism in the state. The initiative aims to improve infrastructure and facilities for pilgrims while preserving the state’s cultural and spiritual heritage. Additionally, CM Dhami emphasized the relevance of ancient Indian scriptures in shaping both scientific and spiritual thought at the 62nd All India Shastraotsav in Haridwar.

Ganga and Sharda River Corridors: A Vision for Religious Tourism

Significance of Ganga and Sharda Rivers

The rivers Ganga and Sharda hold immense religious, cultural, and spiritual importance for millions of devotees across India. These rivers are not only crucial for daily life but also symbolize the faith and devotion of crores of people. Uttarakhand, often referred to as ‘Devbhoomi’ (Land of the Gods), is home to several sacred sites, making the development of river corridors a crucial step in promoting spiritual tourism.

Government’s Commitment to Infrastructure Development

Speaking about the project, CM Dhami stated:

“Our double-engine government is committed to developing corridors along these rivers, making religious tourism more accessible and convenient for devotees from across the country and abroad.”

The proposed river corridors aim to:

Enhance Infrastructure: Improve roads, pilgrimage sites, and amenities along the Ganga and Sharda rivers.
Promote Religious Tourism: Make travel easier for pilgrims visiting Haridwar, Rishikesh, Badrinath, Kedarnath, and other sacred destinations.
Preserve Cultural and Spiritual Heritage: Ensure the conservation of ancient temples, ghats, and religious sites.
Boost Economic Development: Create new opportunities for local businesses, hospitality, and transport services.

Uttarakhand as a Leading Spiritual Destination

With this initiative, the government aims to reinforce Uttarakhand’s status as a top spiritual tourism hub. These corridors will facilitate seamless access to various temples and holy sites along the rivers, attracting more devotees and tourists from India and abroad.

Vedic Knowledge and Scientific Advancements: CM Dhami’s Address at Shastraotsav

Reviving India’s Ancient Wisdom

At the 62nd All India Shastraotsav held at Patanjali Vishwavidyalaya in Haridwar, CM Dhami highlighted the importance of Vedic knowledge in shaping modern scientific advancements. He emphasized that ancient Indian scriptures are not only spiritual guides but also scientific marvels that continue to inspire researchers worldwide.

Influence of Ancient Indian Mathematics and Science

CM Dhami pointed out that Indian mathematicians and scholars had introduced several groundbreaking concepts, including:

Zero and Decimal System: The foundation of modern mathematics and computing.
Arithmetic, Algebra, and Geometry: Contributions that influenced global mathematical developments.
Astronomy and Medical Science: Ancient texts like Sushruta Samhita and Aryabhatiya laid the groundwork for modern astronomy and medicine.

Yoga and Holistic Well-Being

He further emphasized the role of yoga, pranayama, and meditation in ensuring both physical and mental well-being. These traditional practices, rooted in Vedic scriptures, continue to be a guiding force for global health and wellness.

Honoring India’s Knowledge and Cultural Heritage

CM Dhami credited Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership for reviving India’s ancient knowledge traditions on a global scale. He assured that the Uttarakhand government is actively working towards the preservation and promotion of India’s spiritual, cultural, and scientific heritage.

Summary of the News

Category	Details
Why in News?	CM Pushkar Singh Dhami announced the Ganga and Sharda river corridors to boost religious tourism in Uttarakhand. He also highlighted the importance of Vedic knowledge in modern science at Shastraotsav.
Significance of Rivers	Ganga and Sharda are sacred rivers in Uttarakhand, holding religious and cultural significance for millions.
Project Goals	Enhancing infrastructure, promoting pilgrimage tourism, preserving spiritual heritage, and boosting local economy.
Benefits of the Corridors	Improved roads, temples, pilgrimage sites, better travel accessibility, economic growth, and global recognition as a spiritual tourism hub.
CM Dhami at Shastraotsav	Stressed on ancient Indian scriptures influencing science, mathematics, astronomy, and medical sciences.
Key Contributions of Vedic Knowledge	Zero, decimal system, algebra, geometry, astronomy, and medical sciences.
Yoga and Spirituality	Importance of yoga, pranayama, and meditation in ensuring mental and physical health.
Government’s Vision	Inspired by PM Narendra Modi, Uttarakhand aims to preserve ancient Indian wisdom while promoting modern scientific advancements.