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SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF

The SBI Clerk Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation.

To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI Clerk Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI Clerk Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI Clerk Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI Clerk Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Download SBI Clerk General Awareness PDF (Part-1 and 2): Click Here

Share Your Feedback: Click Here

Topics Covered in the SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI Clerk is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.
Featured

States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

India’s Coal Sector Records Growth in April 2025

India’s coal sector has begun FY 2025–26 on a strong note, with both production and dispatch registering positive growth in April 2025. The consistent increase in coal output highlights the strategic role coal continues to play in India’s energy security and industrial development. With a focus on reducing import dependency and enhancing domestic availability, this performance is significant for India’s energy ecosystem and self-reliance goals.

Why in the news?

India’s coal production rose by 3.63% in April 2025, reaching 81.57 million tonnes (MT), as per data released by the Ministry of Coal on May 1, 2025. This growth reflects the robust performance of both public and captive coal mining entities.

Coal Production Performance (April 2025)

  • Total production: 81.57 MT (Provisional) – 3.63% increase over April 2024 (78.71 MT).
  • Captive/Other Mines: 14.51 MT, compared to 11.46 MT in April 2024 – showing a 26.6% jump.

Coal Dispatch (April 2025)

  • Total coal dispatch reached 86.64 MT, up from 85.11 MT in April 2024.

Coal Stock Status (as on 30 April 2025)

  • Total stock with coal companies: 125.76 MT, up from 102.41 MT last year.
  • Coal India Limited (CIL) stock: 105 MT, showing a 22.10% annual growth over 86.60 MT in April 2024.

Significance

  • Ensures fuel availability for power generation and industrial use.
  • Reduces coal import dependency, saving valuable foreign exchange.
  • Supports Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat missions.

Background

  • India is the world’s second-largest producer of coal.
  • Coal continues to be a dominant source of energy, powering over 70% of electricity generation.
  • Captive coal mines were allowed post-2015 reforms to ensure supply to key industries like power, steel, and cement.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? India’s Coal Sector Records Growth in April 2025
Ministry Ministry of Coal
Minister (as of 2025) Pralhad Joshi
Largest Coal Producer Coal India Limited (CIL)
Key Coal States Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh
Coal production (Apr 2025) 81.57 MT (up 3.63%)
Captive mines contribution 14.51 MT (up 26.6%)
Coal dispatch 86.64 MT (up from 85.11 MT)

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_6.1

SBI PO Mains GA Capsule 2025: Download (Part-1, Part-2 and Part-3)

The SBI PO Mains Exam 2025 is expected to be conducted in April 2025, and the General Awareness (GA) section plays a crucial role in determining candidates’ overall performance. This section covers current affairs, banking awareness, and static GK, making it an essential part of the exam preparation. To help candidates maximize their scores, we have compiled a comprehensive GA Capsule PDF covering all major topics required for the SBI PO Mains 2025.

Why is the GA Capsule Important for SBI PO Mains 2025?

The General Awareness section is one of the most scoring parts of the SBI PO Mains Exam. Unlike quantitative aptitude or reasoning, this section does not require calculations, allowing aspirants to answer questions quickly and accurately. A well-prepared candidate can boost their overall score significantly with proper GA preparation.

SBI PO Mains GA Capsule 2025 – Download PDF

To assist candidates in their SBI PO Mains 2025 preparation, we are providing a free downloadable PDF covering all the important General Awareness topics.

Share Your Feedback: Click Here

Topics Covered in the SBI PO Mains GA Capsule 2025

  • UNION BUDGET 2025-26
  • Economic Survey 2024-25
  • Padma Awards
  • Republic Day Parade 2025
  • RBI Monetary Policy- February 2025
  • Golden Globe Awards
  • 8th Pay Commission

How to Use the GA Capsule Effectively?

  • Revise Regularly: Read the PDF daily to stay updated with important events.
  • Make Notes: Write down key points for quick revision before the exam.
  • Attempt Quizzes: Solve daily quizzes on current affairs to strengthen your knowledge.
  • Focus on Banking & Economy: Since SBI PO is a banking exam, prioritize banking and financial awareness.

RBI Launches 3 Key Surveys for Monetary Policy Input

To fine-tune India’s monetary policy based on real-time household sentiments, the RBI has initiated three surveys: the Inflation Expectations Survey of Households (IESH), the Urban Consumer Confidence Survey (UCCS), and the Rural Consumer Confidence Survey (RCCS). These tools are vital for assessing inflation trends, consumer confidence, and economic sentiment in both urban and rural India, helping the central bank make informed decisions.

Why in the News?

On April 29, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launched three important consumer surveys aimed at gathering public perception on inflation, employment, income, and overall economic confidence. The data from these surveys will serve as crucial inputs for the RBI’s upcoming Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting scheduled from June 4–6, 2025.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_9.1

1. Inflation Expectations Survey of Households (IESH)

  • Purpose: Gathers subjective views on future inflation trends based on household consumption.
  • Coverage: Conducted across 19 major Indian cities.
  • Focus: 3-month and 1-year ahead inflation outlooks.

2. Urban Consumer Confidence Survey (UCCS)

Respondents: Urban households across the same 19 cities.

Focus Areas

  • General economic situation
  • Employment
  • Price levels
  • Income and spending patterns
  • Nature: Qualitative survey based on consumer sentiments.

3. Rural Consumer Confidence Survey (RCCS)

  • Coverage: 31 states/UTs in rural and semi-urban areas.
  • Purpose: Measures current sentiment and expectations for the next year regarding,
  • Employment
  • Economic conditions
  • Income levels
  • Expenditure plans

Common Goals

  • Help Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) gauge economic conditions.
  • Provide data-driven inputs for interest rate decisions and inflation control.

Periodicity

  • Part of regular bi-monthly surveys conducted before MPC meetings (6 per financial year).
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? RBI Launches 3 Key Surveys for Monetary Policy Input
Surveys IESH, UCCS, RCCS
Purpose Support monetary policy with household sentiment data
Coverage IESH & UCCS: 19 cities; RCCS: 31 states/UTs (rural & semi-urban areas)
Key Themes Inflation, employment, income, spending, economic sentiment
Next MPC Meeting June 4–6, 2025
Conducted By Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_10.1

Ex-RAW Chief Alok Joshi Appointed Head of Revamped National Security Board

Amid rising tensions with Pakistan following the Pahalgam terror attack, India has overhauled its National Security Advisory Board (NSAB). The former chief of Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Alok Joshi, has been appointed as the new Chairman of the NSAB. This restructuring, driven by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, aims to enhance the nation’s security framework, with a focus on addressing the recent wave of terror attacks and bolstering India’s security response.

Why in the news?

This development comes in the aftermath of the Pahalgam terror attack and heightened tensions with Pakistan. The Indian government has restructured the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB) to strengthen national security and implement a broader recalibration of security strategies.

Purpose

  • The primary purpose of revamping the NSAB is to strengthen India’s security response amidst growing threats, particularly from Pakistan, and to oversee critical decisions regarding national security strategy in the wake of the Pahalgam terror attack.

Aim

  • The board is tasked with advising the government on enhancing national security, offering strategic insights on military, intelligence, and diplomatic matters, and implementing effective responses to recent terror attacks.

Significance

  • This restructuring comes at a critical time for national security, as the country faces escalating tensions with Pakistan.
  • The move signals India’s commitment to reassessing and recalibrating its security posture, ensuring stronger measures to counter terrorism and enhance defense strategies.
  • This shift also highlights the importance of a cohesive national security approach involving various sectors like defense, intelligence, and foreign policy.

Background

  • Historically, the NSAB has played a significant role in advising the government on matters related to national security.
  • The revamping of the board follows the Pahalgam attack, which claimed the lives of 26 civilians, reigniting concerns over the vulnerability of citizens to cross-border terrorism.
  • The government’s review of the Indus Waters Treaty and reactivation of the Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs underscore the urgency of the situation.

Important Details

  • Alok Joshi, ex-R&AW chief, appointed Chairman of NSAB
  • The new board includes senior officers from various sectors:
  • Air Marshal PM Sinha (former Western Air Commander)
  • Lt Gen AK Singh (former Southern Army Commander)
  • Rear Admiral Monty Khanna (armed forces)
  • Rajiv Ranjan Verma and Manmohan Singh (retired officers from the Indian Police Service)
  • B Venkatesh Varma (retired Indian Foreign Service officer)
  • The reconstituted board will provide strategic security advice, with an emphasis on immediate national security threats and broader defense strategies.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Ex-RAW Chief Alok Joshi Appointed Head of Revamped National Security Board
Purpose Strengthen national security and security response amidst ongoing threats.
Aim Advise government on military, intelligence, and diplomatic strategies, and oversee national security decisions.
Significance Highlights India’s commitment to recalibrating its security framework in response to terror attacks and cross-border threats.
Key Stakeholders Prime Minister Narendra Modi, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, R&AW, Indian Armed Forces, Cabinet Committees on Security & Political Affairs.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_12.1

The Return of Raghuji Bhosale’s Legendary Sword to Bharat

On April 29, 2025, the Maharashtra government successfully purchased the iconic sword of Raghuji Bhosale I from an auction in London for Rs 47.15 lakh. The sword, an emblem of the Maratha warrior’s valor and legacy, was crafted in the firangi-style with a European-style single-edged blade, gold inlays, and inscriptions in Devanagari script. Raghuji Bhosale I played a pivotal role in consolidating the Maratha Empire and expanding its influence across east-central India. This historic acquisition is seen as a step toward preserving the Maratha culture and heritage.

Why in the News?

The iconic sword of Raghuji Bhosale I, a prominent Maratha warrior and the founder of the Nagpur Bhosale dynasty, has been acquired by the Maharashtra government at an auction in London for Rs 47.15 lakh. This historic acquisition aims to reclaim a significant piece of Maratha heritage, symbolizing the valor and legacy of the Maratha Empire. The sword, adorned with a Mulheri hilt and gold inlay, holds both ceremonial and historical value.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_14.1

Key Features of Raghuji Bhosale’s Sword

  • Sword Type: Basket-hilt with a firangi-style blade.
  • Blade Features: Single-edged, slightly curved, with two fullers (grooves/channels running the blade).
  • Hilt: Mulheri-style with gold inlays.
  • Inscription: Devanagari script reading Shrimant Raghuji Bhosale Sena Saheb Subah Firang.
  • Historical Value: Likely a gift from Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj to Raghuji Bhosale after he was conferred the title Sena Saheb Subah.

Who Were the Nagpur Bhonsles?

  • The Nagpur Bhonsle family was a royal Kshatriya clan and a prominent faction within the Maratha Empire.
  • Known as the descendants of Udaipur’s Sisodia Rajputs, they played a key role in expanding the Maratha territories.
  • They were associated with the Hinganikar clan, with ancestral roots tracing back to the Pune district.
  • Raghuji Bhosale I established the Nagpur Bhosale dynasty after securing leadership through his victory in 1730.

Raghuji Bhonsale I: His Role in Maratha History

Background: Raghuji Bhonsale I rose to prominence in the early 18th century with the backing of Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj in 1728.

Major Achievements

  • Confronted family conflicts, particularly with his uncle Kanhoji.
  • Expanded Maratha control over Berar, Gondawana, and Odisha.
  • Played a key role in the reclamation of Odisha after the 1751 treaty with Nawab Alivardi Khan.
  • Revived the Shree Jagannath Temple and supported pilgrimage infrastructure.
  • Expanded Maratha territory across Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal.
  • Contributed to the Maratha military campaigns in Bengal.

How the Sword Left India

  • The sword was possibly part of the loot from the 1817 Battle of Sitabuldi, following the defeat of the Nagpur Bhonsles by the British East India Company.
  • The British forces, led by General Sir Alexander Campbell, seized treasures from the Bhonsle treasury after the battle.
  • The Bhonsle palace in Nagpur was set ablaze, and the sword might have either been looted or gifted to the British afterward.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? The Return of Raghuji Bhosale’s Legendary Sword to Bharat
Sword Purchase Sword bought by Maharashtra government for Rs 47.15 lakh at London auction
Sword Type Firangi-style, basket-hilt, gold inlays
Inscription “Shrimant Raghuji Bhosale Sena Saheb Subah Firang”
Historical Significance Symbolizes Maratha valor; acquired to preserve heritage
Who Was Raghuji Bhosale I? Founder of Nagpur Bhonsle dynasty; expanded Maratha Empire
Key Contributions Expanded empire, revived Jagannath Temple, strategic military victories

 SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_15.1

Right to Digital Access: Supreme Court Directs Changes in KYC Process for Disabled Persons

The Supreme Court’s ruling to calls for the revision of digital KYC norms to accommodate individuals with disabilities, particularly those with visual disabilities and facial disfigurement (such as acid attack survivors). The case arose from two writ petitions that sought to make the digital KYC process more accessible. The court emphasized the obligation of the state to create a digitally inclusive ecosystem that accommodates all citizens, particularly marginalized groups.

Why in the news?

 Supreme Court of India directed the Centre and public entities like the RBI to revise digital KYC (Know Your Customer) norms to make them more inclusive for persons with disabilities. The court emphasized that the right to digital access is integral to the right to life and liberty under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_17.1

Purpose

  • To ensure that digital KYC processes are inclusive of persons with disabilities, particularly those with visual impairments, low vision, and facial disfigurement.
  • To make sure that digital platforms, such as banking services, are accessible to marginalized communities.

Aim

  • Make digital platforms accessible for persons with disabilities, ensuring equal participation in essential services like governance, education, and healthcare.
  • Ensure inclusive digital ecosystems that do not exclude persons with disabilities from economic opportunities and governance processes.

Significance

  • This landmark judgment redefines the right to life by expanding it to include digital access as an essential aspect of life and liberty.
  • The ruling mandates that both government and private entities adopt measures that ensure digital inclusivity, benefiting persons with vision impairment, acid attack survivors, and other marginalized groups.
  • The decision has broader implications for policy reforms, making it a constitutional imperative to bridge the digital divide.

Background

  • In an era where access to digital services is increasingly essential for basic services and economic survival, the right to digital access has become a critical human right.
  • The Supreme Court’s intervention follows two writ petitions highlighting the issues faced by individuals with disabilities in completing digital KYC processes.
  • Digital KYC processes, which rely on biometric data and live photos, often discriminate against people who are unable to perform the necessary actions (like blinking or head tilting) due to physical impairments.

Important Details

  • Case Origin: The petitions were filed by acid attack survivors and persons with visual disabilities who found the current KYC system discriminatory.
  • The court directed the RBI to implement new guidelines for alternative modes of verification.
  • The Supreme Court asked all regulated entities (both government and private) to adopt accessibility standards and involve accessibility experts in app and website design.
  • Nodal officers should be appointed in each department to ensure compliance with these digital accessibility norms.

Other Relevant Points

  • International Context: The judgment aligns with international human rights frameworks that advocate for digital inclusion as a fundamental right.
  • The court’s directive reflects India’s commitment to the UN’s SDG 10, which focuses on reducing inequalities and ensuring inclusive societies.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Because Supreme Court’s decision to make digital KYC accessible to persons with disabilities
Purpose Ensure accessibility of digital KYC for persons with disabilities
Significance Redefines the right to life by including digital access as a fundamental right
Key Stakeholders Supreme Court of India, RBI, Ministry of Social Justice, Persons with Disabilities, Regulatory Bodies
Suggestion Given To RBI

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_18.1

Nvidia’s $500 Billion AI Push: U.S. to Become Chip Manufacturing Hub

In a groundbreaking move, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang unveiled a $500 billion plan to establish AI chip manufacturing within the United States. This marks a major shift from the company’s traditional reliance on Asian manufacturing, especially Taiwan. The plan, revealed during a White House event, underscores the growing importance of AI infrastructure in national development and the global tech race.

Why in the News?

Nvidia has announced a historic $500 billion investment in the United States to build AI chip manufacturing infrastructure, marking the company’s first domestic production move. The decision supports AI innovation, reduces dependence on foreign supply chains, and aligns with the U.S. government’s push for technological self-reliance.

General Announcement

  • Amount: $500 billion total investment.
  • Objective: To build a robust AI chip manufacturing ecosystem in the U.S.
  • Occasion: Announcement made at a White House event.

Strategic Shift

  • Marks Nvidia’s first-ever chip manufacturing in the U.S.
  • Moves away from exclusive dependence on Taiwan (TSMC).

Government Support

  • CEO Jensen Huang credited President Trump’s policies and encouragement for accelerating domestic manufacturing.
  • Emphasized energy policy and administrative support for AI infrastructure.

Infrastructure Plans

  • TSMC is already producing Nvidia’s Blackwell chips in Arizona.
  • Amkor and SPIL to handle chip packaging and testing.
  • Foxconn and Wistron to build supercomputer plants in Houston and Dallas.

Scale and Employment

  • Over 1 million sq. ft of new facilities.
  • Expected to generate hundreds of thousands of jobs across the tech and manufacturing sectors.

Technological Focus

  • Huang: “Manufacturing isn’t about low-cost labor anymore. It’s about technology.”
  • Shift highlights the role of advanced tech and automation in AI chip fabrication.

Broader Impact

  • Supports U.S. goal to reduce reliance on foreign supply chains.
  • Will revolutionize sectors like healthcare, finance, defense, and supercomputing.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Nvidia’s $500 Billion AI Push: U.S. to Become Chip Manufacturing Hub
Announcement $500 billion U.S. investment by Nvidia
Announced By Jensen Huang, CEO of Nvidia
Occasion White House Event
Government Support Backed by Trump administration’s tech & energy policies
Key Partners TSMC, Foxconn, Wistron, Amkor, SPIL
Locations Arizona, Houston, Dallas
Product Focus AI chips, especially Blackwell GPUs
Facilities Planned Supercomputing plants, packaging units, and chip fabs

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_20.1

World Tuna Day 2025: Promoting Sustainability of a Vital Marine Resource

World Tuna Day, sponsored by the United Nations, is observed annually on May 2 to highlight the importance of tuna in global food security, economic development, and marine biodiversity. The day raises concerns about the overexploitation of tuna species and advocates for sustainable fishing practices.

Why is this in the News?

World Tuna Day 2025 is observed on Friday, 2 May 2025, marking its 9th annual celebration. The day is globally recognized to promote awareness about the importance of sustainable tuna fishing and marine conservation.

Background

  • First observed on May 2, 2017.
  • On December 7, 2016, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution A/RES/71/124 designating May 2 as World Tuna Day.
  • The day is supported by countries with significant tuna resources and conservation groups like WWF.

Important Details

  • More than 96 countries are engaged in tuna fishing.
  • Annually, 7 million metric tons of tuna and tuna-like species are harvested.
  • There are over two dozen varieties of tuna; popular species include Bluefin, Yellowfin, Skipjack, and Albacore.
  • Bluefin tuna is among the fastest and warm-blooded fish species, often compared to the cheetah of the ocean.

Aim

  • Promote sustainable and science-based fishing practices.
  • Ensure long-term availability of tuna stocks.
  • Support efforts aligned with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 14 – Life Below Water.

Significance

  • Tuna accounts for 20% of the value of all marine fisheries and 8% of globally traded seafood.
  • Essential for food security, especially in island and coastal nations.
  • Overfishing and illegal fishing threaten marine ecosystems and biodiversity.
  • Tuna is rich in Omega-3, Vitamin B12, and proteins, making it vital to human health.

Other Relevant Points

  • WWF warns several tuna species are endangered due to overfishing.
  • Calls for better monitoring, equipment, and international cooperation to ensure sustainable tuna fisheries.
  • Emphasis on developing fishing policies that protect marine life while supporting economic needs.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? World Tuna Day 2025: Promoting Sustainability of a Vital Marine Resource
Purpose Raise awareness on the importance of tuna and sustainable fishing.
Observed May 2 to promote awareness about sustainable fishing.
Significance Vital for food, economy, and marine biodiversity.
Key Stakeholders UN, FAO, WWF, Tuna-dependent nations

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_22.1

EC Launches Capacity-Building Training for Grassroot Poll Officials

On April 30, 2025, the Election Commission of India began a two-day capacity-building training programme in New Delhi for 369 grassroot-level election officials from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, and Haryana. The initiative is a crucial step in ensuring the accuracy of electoral rolls and enhancing poll preparedness for the upcoming state assembly elections, particularly in Bihar.

Why in the news?

The Election Commission of India (ECI) has initiated a two-day training programme for Electoral Registration Officers (EROs) and Booth Level Officers (BLOs) from multiple states, including Bihar, as part of preparations for the forthcoming Assembly elections.

Purpose

  • To train and build the capacity of ground-level election workers for better execution of electoral responsibilities.

Aim

  • To ensure error-free and updated electoral rolls.
  • To educate officials about voter registration protocols and technology tools such as the BLO and Voter Helpline apps.

Significance

  • Strengthens electoral integrity and voter trust.
  • Prepares frontline election officials to implement poll procedures effectively.
  • Ensures compliance with the Representation of the People Act and Registration of Electors Rules.

Background

  • BLOs and EROs are essential for maintaining accurate electoral rolls and assisting voters at the grassroots level.
  • Previously in April 2025, 280 Booth Level Agents (BLAs) from 10 political parties in Bihar were trained.

Important Details

  • Organised by: Election Commission of India
  • Participants: 369 EROs, BLOs, and supervisors from Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • Tools covered: Forms 6, 6A, 7, and 8; Voter Helpline App; BLO App.
  • Trainers: National Level Master Trainers (NLMTs), EVM & IT Division experts.
  • Legal aspects: Training on appeal provisions under Section 24(a) and 24(b) of the Representation of the People Act, 1950.
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? EC Launches Capacity-Building Training for Grassroot Poll Officials
Purpose Strengthen skills of BLOs and EROs
Aim Ensure voter registration accuracy and effective field operations
Significance  Enhances poll preparedness, reduces errors, supports democratic processes
Key Stakeholders Election Commission of India, BLOs, EROs, NLMTs, Political party BLAs

 

 

 

 

 

SBI Clerk Mains GA Capsule 2025: Latest Updates & Important Topics PDF_24.1

Muslim Population in India: History, Demographic Trends, and Regional Insights

Why in News?

The upcoming 2025 Indian Census is expected to provide updated figures on India’s religious demographics, particularly focusing on the Muslim population, which remains a critical aspect of the country’s pluralistic social fabric. A significant global study by the Pew Research Center, titled “The Future of World Religions,” has projected that Islam will become the most followed religion in the world by 2050. Against this backdrop, understanding the historical context and current trends of the Muslim population in India becomes essential.

Global Muslim Population Overview

Islam, the religion followed by over 2 billion people worldwide, is currently the second-largest religion globally, after Christianity. However, demographic trends suggest that Muslims may surpass Christians by 2050, making Islam the most practiced religion globally.

Most of the world’s Muslims reside in North and Central Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. While many nations like Egypt, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, and Iran have more than 90% Muslim populations, the largest absolute Muslim population resides in Indonesia, home to more than 242 million Muslims, accounting for 11.7% of the global Muslim population.

Top 3 Countries by Muslim Population (2021)

  1. Indonesia – 242.7 million
  2. Pakistan – 240.76 million
  3. India – 200 million

India ranks third globally despite being a secular democracy with a Hindu-majority population.

Historical Roots of Islam in India

Islam has deep and complex roots in the Indian subcontinent. It was first introduced in 712 CE with the Arab invasion of Sindh, led by Muhammad bin Qasim. However, Muslim communities had already started emerging in South India, particularly in Kerala, due to early trade relations with West Asian merchants.

Key Historical Milestones:

  • Malik Dinar, an Arab missionary, is credited with establishing several of India’s earliest mosques in Kerala and coastal Karnataka.
  • The Cheraman Juma Mosque in Methala, Kerala, built in the 7th century, is regarded as India’s first mosque.
  • In North India, Islam gained a more dominant presence during the Delhi Sultanate and later, the Mughal Empire, particularly from the 16th century onward.

Demographic Profile of Muslims in India

Current Estimates:

As of 2021, India had approximately 200 million Muslims, making it the country with the largest Muslim-minority population in the world. This represents about 10.9% of the global Muslim population.

According to government estimates from 2023, India’s Muslim population lies between 19.75 to 20 crore, making up roughly 14.22% to 14.28% of India’s total population of 138.8 to 140 crore.

Trends in Muslim Population Growth

India’s Muslim population has steadily increased since independence. While in 1941, the population was around 42 million, it fell to 35 million by 1951 due to Partition-related migration. Since then, there has been continuous growth:

Year Muslim Population Percentage of Total Population
1951 35 million 9.80%
1961 47 million 10.70%
1971 62 million 11.20%
1981 83 million 11.70%
1991 101 million 12.60%
2001 138 million 13.40%
2011 172 million 14.20%

Between 1991 and 2001, the Muslim population grew by 29.5%, while the Hindu population grew by 19.9% during the same period.

Fertility Rates and Growth:

Recent studies have shown that the Muslim fertility rate, though declining, remains the highest among all religious communities in India. Between 2019 and 2021, the Muslim fertility rate was 2.36%, contributing significantly to population growth.

Regional Distribution of Muslims in India

Muslims are not evenly distributed across India. Their concentration is highest in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar, which together host nearly 47% of the country’s total Muslim population.

States with Highest Muslim Populations:

State/UT Muslim Population Percentage of State Population
Uttar Pradesh 38.4 million 19.26%
West Bengal 24.6 million 27.01%
Bihar 17.5 million 16.87%
Kerala 8.8 million 26.56%
Assam 10.6 million 34.22%
Jammu & Kashmir 8.5 million 68.31%
Lakshadweep 62,268 96.58%

States with Lowest Muslim Populations:

State/UT Muslim Population Percentage
Mizoram 14,832 1.35%
Sikkim 9,867 1.62%
Punjab 535,489 1.93%
Arunachal Pradesh 27,045 1.95%
Chhattisgarh 514,998 2.02%
Himachal Pradesh 149,881 2.18%

In these states, Muslims form a negligible minority.

Social Composition and Diversity

Though united by faith, Indian Muslims are socially diverse. There are caste-like divisions, with the Ashrafs (of supposed Arab or Persian descent) considered socially superior to Ajlafs (local converts from Hinduism) and Arzals (those from lower castes).

This diversity impacts access to education, employment, and social mobility within the community. Despite a large population, Indian Muslims are underrepresented in government jobs, politics, and higher education.

Future Projections and Significance

India’s next census in 2025 will be a crucial benchmark for measuring the religious demographic shift, especially as the fertility rates and literacy levels evolve. According to projections, India will continue to have the third-largest Muslim population in the world, but its percentage growth is expected to stabilize due to declining fertility trends.

The role of Muslims in India’s social, economic, and cultural landscape remains vital, and understanding this demographic is essential for inclusive policy-making, minority welfare, and national integration.

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