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States and Capitals – How Many States in India?

India, a vast South Asian nation and the world’s seventh-largest by land area, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital. These states and territories are further segmented into districts. New Delhi, situated in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, serves as India’s administrative, political, and cultural hub.

The states and capitals of India weave a rich and diverse tapestry, reflecting the country’s deep cultural heritage, traditions, and innovations. Exploring these regions offers a fascinating journey through time, blending ancient legacies with modern advancements, tradition with contemporary influence, and showcasing India’s remarkable unity in diversity.

States and Capitals

In 1956, India reorganized its states according to linguistic demographics. Today, the country consists of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, home to nearly 400 cities. Among these, eight major metropolitan cities—Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, and Pune—are prominent. The Prime Minister has introduced a plan to develop 100 smart cities across the nation, with Indore being recognized as the Smart City for four consecutive years. Discover India’s dynamic urban landscape and its focus on modernization.

How many states in India?

India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area and the 2nd most populated. The country is divided into states and union territories so that the government can function properly. Below is a list of all 28 states, their capitals and the year they were formed.

S.NO State Capital CM Governor
1 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazer
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik
3 Assam Dispur Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4 Bihar Patna Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur Vishnu Deo Sai Ramen Deka
6 Goa Panaji Pramod Sawant P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar Bhupendra Patel Acharya Dev Vrat
8 Haryana Chandigarh Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatraya
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Shiv Pratap Shukla
10 Jharkhand Ranchi Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11 Karnataka Bengaluru Siddaramaiah Thaawarchand Gehlot
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14 Maharashtra Mumbai Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan
15 Manipur Imphal N. Biren Singh
Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16 Meghalaya Shillong Conrad Kongkal Sangma
C H Vijayashankar
17 Mizoram Aizawl Lalduhoma General (Dr.) Vijay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM (Retd.)
18 Nagaland Kohima Neiphiu Rio
La. Ganesan
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar Mohan Charan Majhi
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
20 Punjab Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann Gulab Chand Kataria
21 Rajasthan Jaipur Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde
22 Sikkim Gangtok PS Golay Om Prakash Mathur
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai M. K. Stalin R. N. Ravi
24 Telangana Hyderabad Anumula Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma
25 Tripura Agartala Dr. Manik Saha Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel
27 Uttarakhand Dehradun Pushkar Singh Dhami Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28 West Bengal Kolkata Mamata Banerjee Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Union Territories of India and Their Capitals

India has 8 union territories that are managed by the central government. Some of them have their own legislative assemblies. Below is the of these union territories and their capitals:

S.NO Union Territories Capital CM Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and Nicobar Island Port Blair NA D K Joshi
2 Chandigarh Chandigarh NA Banwarilal Purohit
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Daman NA Praful Patel
4 Delhi Delhi Rekha Gupta Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh NA NA B. D. Mishra
6 Lakshadweep Kavaratti NA Praful Patel
7 Jammu and Kashmir NA Omar Abdullah Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry Pondicherry N. Rangaswamy C. P. Radhakrishnan

Difference Between States and Union Territories

India is divided into states and Union Territories for administrative purposes. They are in different in how they are governed.

Basis of Difference States Union Territories
Head of Administration Governor Administrator or Lieutenant Governor
Government Type Elected by the People Managed by the central government
Powers Shares power with the central government. Controlled directly by the central government.

Indian States and their Languages

India is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage. There are over 121 languages spoken in India, and each state has its unique linguistic landscape. The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages as “scheduled languages,” which are given special status in government and education.

S. No. States Language
1 Andhra Pradesh Telugu and Urdu
2 Arunachal Pradesh Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi
3 Assam Assamese
4 Bihar Hindi
5 Chhattisgarh Hindi
6 Goa Marathi Konkani
7 Gujarat Gujarati
8 Haryana Hindi
9 Himachal Pradesh Hindi and Pahari
10 Jharkhand Hindi
11 Karnataka Kannada
12 Kerala Malayalam
13 Madhya Pradesh Hindi
14 Maharashtra Marathi
15 Manipur Manipuri
16 Meghalaya Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo
17 Mizoram Mizo and English
18 Nagaland Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha
19 Odisha Oriya
20 Punjab Punjabi
21 Rajasthan Rajasthani and Hindi
22 Sikkim Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
23 Tamil Nadu Tamil
24 Telangana Telugu
25 Tripura Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
26 Uttar Pradesh Hindi
27 Uttarakhand Hindi
28 West Bengal Bengali

Some Key Facts About Indian States

Each state in India is unique and has something special. Here are some interesting facts about a few states:

  • Andhra Pradesh: Famous for spicy food and historical sites like Charminar.
  • Assam: Know for tea gardens and Kaziranga National Park, home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
  • Bihar: A place with a rich history, home to Bodh Gaya and the ancient city of Pataliputra.
  • Goa: Popular for beautiful beaches and a lively nightlife.
  • Kerala: Famous for its backwaters, Ayurveda treatments and lush green nature.
  • Maharashtra: Mumbai, the financial capital, is also home to Bollywood.
  • Himachal Pradesh: Known for stunning hill stations and adventure sports.
  • Tamil Nadu: Famous for classical dance forms and grand temples.

Top-5 Dragon Fruit Producing Countries in the World 2025

Dragon Fruit, also known as pitaya, is a colorful tropical fruit with a sweet taste and many health benefits. It grows well in warm climates and is becoming popular all over the world. Farmers in many countries are now growing dragon fruit on a large scale. In this article, we will look at the top-5 countries in the world that produce the most dragon fruit.

Dragon Fruit Production in the World in 2025

In 2025, the global dragon fruit market is estimated to be worth around $627 million. Out of this, the actual market size is about $526.3 million. Dragon fruit is becoming more popular worldwide because of its health benefits, colorful look and growing demand in many countries.

Top-5 Dragon Fruit Producing Countries in the World 2025

Dragon Fruit is a bright pink fruit with green spikes and white or red pulp. It grows in warm places and is full of nutrients like Vitamin C and fiber. Many countries grow this fruit, but only a few produce it in large amounts.

Here are the names of top-5 dragon fruit producing countries in the world 2025:

  • Vietnam
  • China
  • Indonesia
  • Thailand
  • Taiwan

Vietnam, Largest Dragon Fruit Producer

Vietnam is the number one producer of dragon fruit in the world. It grows dragon fruit on over 55,000 hectares of land. Every year, Vietnam produces more than 1 million metric tonnes of dragon fruit. This fruit is one of Vietnam’s biggest export items. People love Vietnamese dragon fruit because it has a soft texture, lots of water and a sweet taste.

China

China is second on the list. It grows dragon fruit on about 40,000 hectares of land. Most dragon fruit farms are in the Guangxi and Hainan provinces. Although China imports a lot of dragon fruit from Vietnam, it is now growing more of its own. China is working to create better varieties and increase local production.

Indonesia

Indonesia grows dragon fruit on 8,491 hectares, producing about 270,000 metric tonnes each year. The fruit grows well in areas like East Java and Bali, where the soil is rich because of volcanoes. Both red and white varieties are grown and sold in local markets.

Thailand

Thailand grows dragon fruit on around 3,482 hectares of land. Every year, it produces about 160,000 metric tonnes of dragon fruit. The fruit is mostly eaten in Thailand, but exports are slowly increasing. Thai dragon fruit is mostly grown in Nakhon Ratchasima and Chiang Mai provinces.

Taiwan

Taiwan may be smaller in dragon fruit farming, with about 2,491 hectares, but it grows the fruit very well. Taiwan has high productivity, with around 19.7 metric tonnes per hectare. Taiwanese dragon fruit is popular for its good quality and is grown carefully using advanced farming methods.

From Where is Brahmaputra River Originate? Know All About Brahmaputra River

The Brahmaputra River System is one of the biggest and most important river systems in Asia. It begins in Tibet and flows through India and Bangladesh before joining the Bay of Bengal. This river is not only important for people and agriculture but also plays a major role in transport, electricity and wildlife. Let us understand this river in detail.

Origin of the Brahmaputra River

The Brahmaputra River starts from Mansarovar Lake, near Mount Kailash in Tibet. In Tibet, it is called Tsangpo. It enters India through Arunachal Pradesh and then flow through Assam. After that, it enters Bangladesh, where it is called Jamuna, before merging with the Bay of Bengal.

Length and Route of the River

The Brahmaputra River is about 2,900 km long. It flows through three countries – China (Tibet), India and Bangladesh. In India, it flows through Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and parts of Meghalaya. It finally joins the Ganga River and flows into the Bay of Bengal.

Importance of the Brahmaputra River

The Brahmaputra River is very important for agriculture, as it gives water to farmers for growing crops. It is also useful for transportation, as boats and ships travel on the river to carry goods and passengers. Hydroelectric dams built on the river help in generating electricity. The river also supports wildlife, including rare animals like the one-horned rhinoceros and the Gangetic dolphin. In addition, it has religious and cultural importance for many people living near its banks.

Important Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River

North Bank Tributaries:

  • Subansiri River
  • Kameng (Jia Bharali)
  • Siang (Dihang)
  • Dibang River
  • Lohit River
  • Manas River
  • Puthimari
  • Champamati
  • Jinjiram

South Bank Tributaries:

  • Dhansiri
  • Digaru
  • Kulsi
  • Krishna
  • Dudhnai

Hydroelectric Projects on Brahmaputra

Many dams have been built on this river and its tributaries for generating electricity. Some important ones are:

  • Zangmu Dam (Tibet)
  • Lower Subansiri Dam (India)
  • Teesta-V Dam (India)
  • Tala Hydroelectric Project (Bhutan)

These dams help in producing power and managing floods.

Environmental and Ecological Significance

The Brahmaputra River supports many forests, wetlands and grasslands. It is home to:

  • Bengal Tigers
  • Gangetic Dolphins
  • Asian Elephants

The river also brings fertile soil which helps in growing crops. It is one of the most biodiverse areas in India.

Strategic and Cultural Importance of Brahmaputra River

The river flows through three countries. It is important for international relations, especially between India and China. Also, the river is considered holy by many people and has deep cultural value.

Kumar Mangalam Birla Honoured with USISPF Global Leadership Award 2025

Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group, has been conferred with the Global Leadership Award by the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) at its 8th annual Leadership Summit held in Washington, D.C. Recognised for his leadership and commitment to strengthening U.S.-India economic ties, Mr. Birla was awarded alongside Arvind Krishna (IBM) and Toshiaki Higashihara (Hitachi). His group has invested over $15 billion in the U.S., generating significant employment and impact.

Why in News?

Kumar Mangalam Birla received the Global Leadership Award 2025 from USISPF. The event took place at the 8th USISPF Leadership Summit in Washington, D.C.. He was recognised for leading India’s largest investor in the U.S., the Aditya Birla Group. His company’s U.S. operations span 15 states, employ over 5,400 people, and reflect a deep commitment to long-term bilateral cooperation.

About the Award

  • Global Leadership Award is presented by the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF).
  • It recognises exceptional leadership in enhancing U.S.-India relations, promoting investments, job creation, and global cooperation.
  • Past recipients have included global business and government leaders who contribute meaningfully to bilateral ties.

About Kumar Mangalam Birla

  • Chairman of Aditya Birla Group, one of India’s largest multinational conglomerates.

Under his leadership, the group,

  • Has made over $15 billion in investments in the U.S.
  • Operates in 15 U.S. states
  • Provides employment to 5,400+ people
  • The group’s U.S. journey began 18 years ago and has continued to expand.

About Aditya Birla Group’s U.S. Engagement

  • Industries: Metals, textiles, carbon black, chemicals, and financial services.
  • Focus: Long-term value, sustainable growth, and people-first approach.
  • Birla emphasized that their commitment is “beyond capital”, involving community development, skill-building, and mutual prosperity.

Other Honourees

  • Arvind Krishna – Chairman, CEO, and President, IBM (India-origin tech leader).
  • Toshiaki Higashihara – Executive Chairman, Hitachi (Japan-based conglomerate).

USISPF: Quick Facts

  • A non-profit organization promoting U.S.-India strategic and commercial ties.
  • Works with leaders across business, government, and academia.
  • Hosts high-level events and summits to facilitate collaboration.

G7 Summit 2025: Key Highlights, Participants, and India’s Absence

The 51st G7 Summit will be held from June 15 to 17, 2025, in Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada, marking the summit’s 50th anniversary. As the host nation, Canada aims to foster collaborative dialogue on key global concerns like climate change, economic stability, digital transformation, and geopolitical peace. However, this year’s summit sees a notable development — India will not participate for the first time in six years, reportedly due to strained diplomatic ties with Canada.

Why in News?

The G7 Summit 2025 will take place in Kananaskis, Alberta, from June 15–17, 2025. The summit celebrates the 50th anniversary of the first G7 meeting. India will not participate due to ongoing diplomatic tensions with Canada. The summit will address critical issues such as, Global economic stability, Climate action, Digital technology transformation and Peace and global security.

About the G7 Summit

The G7 (Group of Seven) consists of,

  1. Canada
  2. France
  3. Germany
  4. Italy
  5. Japan
  6. United Kingdom
  7. United States

The European Union also participates in discussions but is not a formal member and The summit provides a platform for high-level discussions on economy, security, health, energy, environment, and international cooperation.

Host Country & Venue 2025

  • Host Country: Canada
  • Venue: Kananaskis, Alberta
  • Dates: June 15–17, 2025

Significance

  • Second time Kananaskis is hosting (last in 2002).
  • Marks the 50th year of the G7 summits since their inception in 1975.

Core G7 Members and Their Leaders

  • Canada (Host): Prime Minister Mark Carney
  • France: President Emmanuel Macron
  • Germany: Chancellor Friedrich Merz
  • Italy: Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni
  • Japan: Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba
  • United Kingdom: Prime Minister Keir Starmer
  • United States: President Donald Trump

European Union

  • Council President António Costa
  • Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

Invited Guest Nations and Leaders

  • Australia: PM Anthony Albanese
  • Brazil: President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
  • Mexico: President Claudia Sheinbaum (attendance unconfirmed)
  • South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa
  • Ukraine: President Volodymyr Zelenskyy
  • India: Not invited this year due to strained bilateral relations with Canada. PM Narendra Modi will miss the summit for the first time in six years.

Focus Areas of G7 Summit 2025

  • Climate Change Mitigation
  • Global Economic Recovery
  • Digital Governance & AI Regulation
  • Peace and Conflict Resolution
  • Health Infrastructure & Pandemic Preparedness

Significance of the 2025 G7 Summit

  • Global Leadership Forum: Reinforces the G7’s commitment to multilateralism.
  • Geopolitical Context: Reflects evolving alliances and diplomatic rifts, especially visible in India–Canada relations.
  • Tech & Sustainability: Pushes for regulations on emerging tech and commits to climate goals.

Uttar Pradesh Approves 20% Police Reservation for Ex-Agniveers

In a landmark decision aimed at supporting the reintegration of military-trained youth into civil services, the Uttar Pradesh Cabinet on June 3, 2025, approved a proposal granting 20% horizontal reservation to former Agniveers in direct recruitment for posts in the Uttar Pradesh Police, including roles such as Constable, PAC, Mounted Constable, and Fireman. This policy ensures meaningful post-service employment opportunities for those who complete their four-year tenure under the Agneepath scheme, reinforcing the government’s commitment to honour their service and harness their disciplined skillset for state security.

Why in News?

The UP Cabinet, chaired by CM Yogi Adityanath, passed the proposal on June 3, 2025. 20% reservation will be given to former Agniveers in police-related recruitments. This reservation is horizontal — applied within all existing categories like General, SC, ST, and OBC. Former Agniveers will also get a 3-year age relaxation. The first batch of Agniveers completes service in 2026, aligning with the start of this policy’s implementation.

Aim and Objective

  • Primary Aim: To offer post-service career pathways to Agniveers by integrating them into the police force.
  • Secondary Aim: To enhance the discipline, commitment, and efficiency of the police workforce by incorporating military-trained individuals.

Background

Agneepath Scheme

  • Launched by the Union Government in 2022.
  • Enables youth aged 17.5–21 to serve as Agniveers in the Army, Navy, and Air Force for 4 years.
  • After this tenure, 25% may be retained, while the rest are discharged with a Seva Nidhi package.

Previous Promise

  • In July 2024, CM Yogi Adityanath assured job reservations for returning Agniveers in UP government jobs.

Key Features of the UP Cabinet Decision

  • Reservation Type: Horizontal – applies within existing reservation categories.
  • Example: An OBC Agniveer competes within the OBC quota.

Scope of Recruitment

  • Police Constable
  • Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC)
  • Mounted Constable
  • Fireman

Age Relaxation

  • Eligible former Agniveers get an additional 3-year relaxation in age criteria.
  • Implementation Year: 2026 (aligns with first Agniveer batch returning).

Significance

  • Socio-Economic Support
  • Security Efficiency
  • Model for Other States
Summary/Static Details
Why in the news? Uttar Pradesh Approves 20% Police Reservation for Ex-Agniveers
Policy Aspect Details
20% horizontal reservation for Agniveers in police recruitment
Announced By UP Cabinet chaired by CM Yogi Adityanath
Applicable Posts Constable, PAC, Mounted Constable, Fireman
Age Relaxation 3 years for eligible Agniveers
Category Type Horizontal reservation across General, SC, ST, OBC
Scheme Backing This Move Agneepath Scheme (Union Govt, 2022)
First Implementation Year 2026

OECD Cuts, UBS Lifts India’s FY26 Growth Forecast: A Tale of Two Outlooks

In a fresh update on India’s economic outlook, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has revised India’s FY26 GDP growth forecast down to 6.3%, citing risks from rising global trade tensions and higher US tariffs. In contrast, UBS Securities has raised its projection to 6.4%, backed by strong domestic demand, hopes of a US-India trade deal, and a favorable monsoon. These contrasting forecasts highlight the complex interplay of global uncertainties and domestic strengths shaping India’s growth trajectory.

Why in News?

OECD lowered India’s FY26 growth forecast from 6.4% to 6.3%, and FY27 to 6.4%. UBS raised India’s FY26 forecast from 6.0% to 6.4%, indicating improved domestic factors. The divergence reflects differing views on external trade risks vs. domestic demand drivers. The forecasts are significant as they influence policy decisions, investments, and market sentiment.

Aims & Objectives of Economic Forecasts

  • Help governments and investors in planning and risk assessment.
  • Indicate the health of the economy through data-driven projections.
  • Signal upcoming policy shifts, such as rate cuts or trade agreements.

OECD Forecast – Concerns & Cautions

  • FY26 Growth: Revised down to 6.3% (from 6.4%)
  • FY27 Growth: Lowered by 20 bps to 6.4%

Key Concerns

  • Higher US tariffs on Indian exports may hurt key sectors like textiles, chemicals, and pharma.
  • Potential poor monsoon may affect agriculture and rural incomes, spiking food inflation.
  • Trade tensions may discourage investment in tradable sectors.

Static Fact

  • OECD is a 38-member group of mostly developed economies, providing economic insights and policy advice.

Rationale

  • Private consumption to improve on the back of rising real incomes, lower inflation, and tax relief.
  • Hopes of a US-India trade deal softening tariff concerns.
  • Investment growth from declining interest rates and robust public capital spending.
  • Better monsoon outlook expected to boost rural demand and contain food inflation.

UBS View

  • RBI may cut interest rates by an additional 50-75 basis points to spur growth.
  • Monetary policy will play a key role in sustaining growth momentum.

Global Perspective – OECD’s Global Warning

  • Global growth forecast revised down to 2.9% for 2025–26 (from 3.3%)
  • Key reasons
  • Trade war threats (Trump-era tariffs returning)
  • Tighter financial conditions, weak investor confidence, and policy uncertainty

GK Quiz on World Environment Day 2025, Questions and Answers

World Environment Day is celebrated every year on June 5. In 2025, the day is being led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), with the Republic of Korea as the globe as the global host. This year’s theme is “Beat Plastic Pollution.’‘ Everyone – from children to adults – is encouraged to take part and help save the Earth from plastic waste.

GK Quiz on World Environment Day 2025

World Environment Day 2025 will be celebrated on June 5, with the theme ”Beat Plastic Pollution.” It is a special day to spread awareness about protecting nature and reducing plastic waste. This GK quiz will help you learn important facts about the environment.

 

Q1. On which date is World Environment Day celebrated every year?

(a) June 1

(b) June 3

(c) June 5

(d) June 7

S1. Ans. (c)

 

Q2. Which country is the host for World Environment Day 2025?

(a) India

(b) Brazil

(c) Kenya

(d) Republic of Korea

S2. Ans. (d)

 

Q3. What is the theme for World Environment Day 2025?

(a) Beat Plastic Pollution

(b) Say No to Pollution

(c) Go Green

(d) Save the Forests

S3. Ans. (a)

 

Q4. In which year was World Environment Day first celebrated?

(a) 1971

(b) 1972

(c) 1973

(d) 1974

S4. Ans. (c)

 

Q5. Which edition of World Environment Day will be celebrated in 2025?

(a) 50

(b) 51

(c) 52

(d) 53

S5. Ans. (d)

 

Q6. Who leads the celebration of World Environment Day?

(a) UNEP

(b) UNICEF

(c) UNDP

(d) UNESCO

S6. Ans. (a)

 

Q7. Where was World Environment Day established?

(a) New York

(b) Geneva

(c) Paris

(d) Stockholm

S7. Ans. (d)

 

Q8. Which year marks the creation of World Environment Day?

(a) 1971

(b) 1972

(c) 1973

(d) 1974

S8. Ans. (b)

 

Q9. What is the main purpose of World Environment Day?

(a) Celebrate Earth

(b) Promote technology

(c) Raise environmental awareness and action

(d) Promote tourism

S9. Ans. (c)

 

Q10. How many countries usually participate in World Environment Day?

(a) Over 100

(b) Over 120

(c) Over 150

(d) Over 200

S10. Ans. (c)

World Milk Day 2025: Celebrating the Power of Dairy

From the first drop a baby tastes to the energy boost an athlete needs, milk stays with us throughout every stage of life. Rich in calcium, protein, and other essential nutrients, milk is more than just a beverage—it’s a vital part of global health, economy, and culture.

Recognizing this, the world unites every June 1st to celebrate World Milk Day—a day that honors not only the nutritional power of milk but also its contribution to rural livelihoods, food security, and sustainable agriculture.

Recognizing Milk’s Global Significance

In 2001, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations established World Milk Day to recognize milk’s vital role in our daily lives. Since then, countries around the world mark this day with activities that promote awareness about the value of milk and dairy products.

Why It Matters

World Milk Day highlights milk’s diverse contributions to:

  • Nutrition and Health: A rich source of calcium, vitamin D, B12, and protein
  • Rural Economy: A primary source of income for millions of farmers
  • Sustainability: Promoting responsible dairy farming practices
  • Women Empowerment: Significant female participation in dairy cooperatives

Theme for 2025: “Let’s Celebrate the Power of Dairy”

The 2025 theme is a tribute to dairy’s role as a nutritional powerhouse, a driver of economic growth, and a community enabler. It encourages reflection on how dairy supports health and prosperity across populations and age groups.

India’s Dairy Revolution: From Deficit to Dominance

The White Revolution

At Independence, India faced severe milk shortages. By 1950–51, milk availability stood at just 124 grams per capita daily. This began to change with the launch of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in 1965, and the leadership of Dr. Verghese Kurien, Father of the White Revolution.

Through Operation Flood (1970–1996):

  • Over 73,000 dairy cooperatives were formed
  • Milk was supplied daily to 700+ towns
  • India achieved self-sufficiency and became an exporter

India’s Current Milk Milestones

Global Leader in Milk Production

  • India is the world’s largest milk producer since 1998
  • Contributes 25% to global milk production
  • Per capita availability in India: 471 grams/day (2023–24) vs. world average of 322 grams

Production Growth

  • Milk production rose by 63.56% from 146.3 million tonnes (2014–15) to 239.2 million tonnes (2023–24)
  • Annual Growth Rate: Impressive 5.7%

Top States

  • Uttar Pradesh: Highest milk producer (16.21% of national output)
  • West Bengal: Fastest-growing, with 9.76% annual growth

Livestock Wealth and Farmer Participation

Massive Livestock Base

  • India has 303.76 million bovines
  • 74.26 million goats
  • Total livestock population: 536.76 million

Cooperatives and Employment

  • 240 district cooperative milk unions
  • 22 milk federations, covering 230,000 villages
  • 18 million dairy farmers involved
  • 35% women participation, with 48,000 women dairy cooperatives

Economic Role

  • Dairy is India’s largest agricultural commodity
  • Contributes 5% to GDP
  • Directly supports over 8 crore rural farmers

Government Schemes Powering Dairy Growth

1. Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM)

  • Launched: 2014
  • Budget: ₹3,400 crore (2021–26)
  • Focus: Breed development, AI services at doorstep
  • Achievements: 13.43 crore AI procedures, 8.87 crore animals covered, 5.42 crore farmers benefited

2. National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD)

  • Aim: Quality milk production, processing, marketing
  • Revised: 2021–26
  • Implemented via State Cooperative Dairy Federations

3. Livestock Health & Disease Control Programme (LHDCP)

  • Budget: ₹3,880 crore (2024–26)

  • Components:

  1. NADCP: Disease eradication
  2. LH&DC: Strengthening vet services
  3. Pashu Aushadhi: Affordable veterinary medicine

4. National Livestock Mission (NLM)

  • Sub-Missions:

  1. Breed Development
  2. Feed and Fodder Development
  3. Extension and Innovation
  • Goal: Increase productivity and export potential

5. Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF)

  • Launched: 2020

  • Supports:

  1. Dairy/meat processing units
  2. Breed farms
  3. Animal feed plants

6. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) for Dairy Farmers

  • Launched: 2019
  • Provides easy credit access to livestock and dairy farmers
  • Enhances financial inclusion in rural dairy sectors

Telangana Formation Day 2025: Celebrating Resilience, Identity, and Legacy

On June 2nd, people across Telangana unite to celebrate more than just the formation of a new state—it’s a tribute to resilience, cultural identity, and the long struggle for self-determination. Telangana Formation Day commemorates the birth of India’s 29th state in 2014, following a decades-long movement that sought to address historical injustices and regional disparities.

Why Telangana Formation Day Matters

Contrary to being a mere ceremonial ritual, Telangana Formation Day is a poignant reminder of a collective struggle that transformed into a political and social reality. It draws national attention to longstanding issues such as:

  • Regional imbalance
  • Cultural underrepresentation
  • Administrative autonomy

The formation of Telangana gave a voice to aspirations that were once ignored, providing a platform for empowerment and progress. It is a celebration of a historic achievement rooted in the willpower of the people.

The Historical Backdrop: Seeds of the Telangana Movement

Pre-Independence Era

Before 1956, Telangana was part of the Hyderabad State under the rule of the Nizam. It had a distinct cultural and political identity, which played a key role in shaping the demand for a separate state later.

Post-Reorganization: The Merger and Discontent

In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act led to the merger of Telangana with the Andhra region to form Andhra Pradesh, combining Telugu-speaking populations. However, this union soon revealed deep-rooted disparities:

  • Telangana remained underdeveloped.
  • Disparities emerged in education, employment, and water resources.
  • The people of Telangana felt marginalised within the larger state.

Major Milestones in the Movement

  • 1969: The first major agitation, the Jai Telangana Movement, began, demanding separation.
  • 1972: Jai Andhra Movement followed, reflecting regional tensions.
  • 2001: Formation of Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) by K. Chandrasekhar Rao, reviving the demand.
  • 2009: KCR’s hunger strike and youth suicides gave the movement emotional momentum.
  • 2014: After protracted protests and discussions, the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act was passed.

Finally, on 2nd June 2014, Telangana officially became a separate state with Hyderabad as its capital.

Telangana Formation Day 2025: Eleventh Anniversary Celebrations

Main Venue and Leadership

The main state-level ceremony will be held at the Parade Grounds in Secunderabad, led by Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy. He will begin the day by paying tribute at the Gun Park Memorial, a solemn site honouring those who gave their lives for the cause.

Statewide Celebrations Across 33 Districts

All 33 districts of Telangana will participate in this grand celebration. From urban centres like Hyderabad to rural hamlets in Nalgonda, the event will reflect unity in diversity.

Events and Cultural Activities

Flag Hoisting and Speeches

The day begins with the hoisting of the national and state flags at all government offices, schools, and public spaces. Speeches by local leaders will highlight the achievements of the state and honour the sacrifices of the past.

Folk Dance and Music Performances

Cultural programs will showcase Telangana’s folk traditions, including:

  • Perini Shivathandavam in Warangal
  • Bathukamma-themed dances
  • Oggu Katha performances in rural districts

Recognition and Award Ceremonies

Prominent individuals in fields like education, agriculture, arts, and public service will be honoured for their contributions to the state’s development.

Symbolism and Significance of Telangana Culture

Cultural Reaffirmation

The state is known for its rich handloom heritage, Deccan architecture, and distinct dialect of Telugu. Telangana Formation Day celebrates this vibrant cultural identity, long overshadowed in united Andhra Pradesh.

Honouring Sacrifices

This day pays tribute to the thousands who joined protests, sat on hunger strikes, or even sacrificed their lives—especially students and youth in the 2009–2010 phase of the movement.

Empowering the Future

Telangana’s creation demonstrated the power of democratic movements in achieving statehood. It reinforces values of peaceful protest, grassroots mobilization, and political assertion.

About Telangana: A State with a Vision

Geographic and Demographic Snapshot

  • Capital: Hyderabad
  • Area: 112,077 sq. km
  • Population (2011): 3.5 crore+
  • Districts: 33
  • Official Language: Telugu
  • Literacy Rate: 66.54%
  • Border States: Maharashtra, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh

Key Economic Drivers

  • Agriculture: Rice, cotton, pulses
  • Textiles: Famous for Pochampally and Gadwal sarees
  • IT Industry: Driven by Hyderabad’s Cyberabad
  • Tourism: Rich historical sites like Golconda Fort, Charminar, and Ramappa Temple

Richest Man in India by June 2025, Know the Names of Top-10

India is home to some of the wealthiest individuals in the world. These billionaires have earned their fortunes through industries like technology, retail and manufacturing. Their business ventures span a wide range of sectors, from telecom to steel, and their success has made them influential figures not just in India, but across the globe. Here’s a look at the top-10 richest men in India by June 2025.

Richest People in India by June 2025

Mukesh Ambani, aged 67, is the richest man in India in 2025, with a net worth of $107.3 billion. He is the Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries, a massive conglomerate with revenues exceeding $104 billion. His leadership has made Reliance a key player in India’s economy.

Reliance operates across several sectors including petrochemicals, oil and gas, telecom and retail. Ambani’s three children – Akash, Isha and Anant – are actively involved in managing various divisions of the company.

List of Top-10 Richest Person in India by June 2025

Mukesh Ambani, the Managing Director and Chairman of Reliance Industries, stands as the richest man in India with an impressive net worth of $107.3 billion, followed by Gautam Adani,  Savitri Jindal and Shiv Nadar.

Here is the list of top-10 richest men in India by June 2025:

Rank  Name Net Worth (USD) Source of Wealth 
1. Mukesh Ambani $107.3 billion Reliance Industries
2. Gautam Adani $66.5 billion Adani Group
3. Savitri Jindal & Family $36.7 billion O.P. Jindal Group
4. Shiv Nadar $37 billion HCL Enterprise
5. Dilip Shanghvi $26.7 billion Sun Pharmaceutical Industries
6. Cyrus Poonawalla $25 billion Serum Institute of India
7. Kumar Birla $20.9 billion Aditya Birla Group
8. Lakshmi Mittal $18.3 billion Arcelor Mittal
9. Radhakishan Damai $17.5 billion DMart
10. Uday Kotak $15billion Kotak Mahindra Group

Who is India’s Richest Man in 2025?

India’s richest man in 2025 is Mukesh Ambani, the chairman of Reliance Industries. His wealth comes from a diverse range of businesses, including petrochemicals, oil and gas, retail and telecommunications. Under his leadership, Reliance has grown significantly, making Ambani a key figure in both India and global markets. With a net worth of $107.3 billion, he ranks among the top billionaires in the world.

Second Richest Person of India – Gautam Adani

  • Net worth: $66.5 billion
  • Source of wealth: Adani Group
  • Age: 62 years
  • World Rank: 25

Gautam Adani is the founder and chairman of the Adani Group, a giant in ports, airports, power generation and green energy. He controls the largest airport operator in India and the Mundra Port. Despite facing challenges, Adani’s wealth continues to grow.

Third Wealthiest Man of India – Savitri Jindal

  • Net worth: $36.7 billion
  • Source of wealth: O.P. Jindal Group
  • Age: 74 years
  • World Rank: 42

Savitri Jindal, aged 74, is the third richest person in India. She is the emeritus chair of the OP Jindal Group, a large business led by her four sons. The group works in many countries and industries. Its sports wing, JSW Sports, supports building a strong sports culture in India.

States and Capitals - How Many States in India?_15.1

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