China Detects Two New Bat Viruses with Potential to Infect Humans

In a recent scientific breakthrough, researchers have discovered two novel henipaviruses in bat kidneys in China’s Yunnan province, which closely resemble the deadly Nipah and Hendra viruses. These viruses are capable of causing brain inflammation and severe respiratory illness in humans. Given their detection in organs responsible for urine production, experts have warned about the potential spread through contaminated fruit or water, especially in areas where bats roost near human settlements. This discovery comes amid ongoing global vigilance for emerging zoonotic threats in the post-COVID era.

Why in News?

A team of scientists studying 142 bats in Yunnan province (2017–2021) discovered 22 distinct viruses, two of which are closely related to Nipah and Hendra viruses, both highly fatal to humans. The study has raised alarms due to potential zoonotic transmission via bat urine contaminating crops or water, which could lead to future outbreaks. This comes amid increased scientific focus on zoonotic diseases post-COVID-19, which was also believed to have originated in bats.

Background & Discovery

The study involved

• Kidney samples from 142 bats
• Collected over 4 years (2017–2021)
• Located in Yunnan province, China
• Using genetic sequencing, researchers found 22 different viruses, including two new henipaviruses now named Yunnan bat henipavirus 1 and 2.

Key Findings

These new viruses

• Share genetic similarities with Nipah and Hendra viruses
• Were found in bat kidneys, linked to urine production
• Could infect humans indirectly via contaminated fruits or water

The viruses may cause,

• Encephalitis (brain swelling)
• Severe respiratory symptoms
• These are the first complete genomes of such henipaviruses found in Chinese bats.

Expert Opinions

• Professor Vinod Balasubramaniam, molecular virologist Called the discovery “concerning”
• Warned of potential human exposure through contaminated food or water

Significance

• Early detection is crucial to prevent another pandemic-like scenario.

Emphasizes need for,

• Global pathogen surveillance
• Zoonotic disease monitoring
• Public health preparedness
• Reinforces connection between wildlife, agriculture, and human health.